Uburyo bwafasha gucukumbura inkuru zirebana na COVID-19 muri Africa

Perezida wa Afurika y’Epfo, Cyril Ramaphosa, ageza ijambo ku gihugu ku ngamba za COVID-19. Ishusho: GCIS

Muri iki gihe, abanyamakuru bakora inkuru  zicukumbuye muri Africa bafite uruhare rukomeye mu  gukurikirana uko icyorezo cya  Coronavirus cyiyongera kuri uyu mugabane; ariko batanahagaritse gukurikirana uko za Leta zishyira mu bikorwa imigambi ibereye abaturage.

Inkuru zicukumbuye zatumye Leta za bimwe mu bihugu zikaza imyiteguro yo gukumira no kurwanya icyorezo cya  COVID-19. Leta z’ibihugu bimwe zahagaritse imikoreshereze mibi y’umutungo wa rubanda mu buvuzi bufifitse ndetse n’amasezerano ya baringa.

Nyamara ishami ry’umuryango w’abibumbye ryita ku buzima, (OMS), riherutse kwerekana ibimenyetso bishya bigaragaza ikwirakwira ry’iki cyorezo, uburyo gikomeje gutwara ubuzima bw’abantu. OMS inavuga ko mu bihugu 55 byose by’Africa, iki cyorezo cyatumye ubushomeri bwiyongera ku buryo buteye impungenge. Muri Gicurasi, uyu muryango waburiye ibi bihugu ubibwira ko Covid-19 ishobora kuzatera ibura ry’ibiribwa. Kandi kutarya neza bituma imibiri icika intege maze ukibasirwa n’indwara ku buryo iki cyoreza cyarushaho guhitana benshi. Ikindi gihangayikishije ni ibura ry’imiti  n’abaganga badahagije, n’ubukene bw’akarande bwayogoje uyu mugabane.

Muri ibi bihe bitoroheye abanyamakuru bakora inkuru zicukumbura, byatumye GIJN ikoresha ikiganiro hakoreshejwe ikoranabuhanga, cyiswe “ Akaga kuri Africa”. Cyahuje abanyamakuru 1260 baturuka mu bihugu 57, abatumirwa bane bagerageza kwerekana uburyo bwo gukora inkuru za Covid-19.

Abanyamakuru bitabiriye icyo kiganiro bahuriza ku mahame agira ati: Mukore mu buryo musanzwe mumenyereye; Inkuru icukumbuye ibe yoroshye kandi yumvikana; Mwongere ubufatanye na bagenzi banyu, Mwitabaze abahanga n’inzobere mu birebana n’ubumenyi no gusesengura imibare

Umwe mu bayoboye icyo kiganiro, ni Dayo Aiyetan, umuyobozi nshingwabikorwa w’Ikigo mpuzamahanga cyita ku Itangazamakuru ricukumbura, International Center for Investigative Reporting -ICIR, muri Nigeria. Bwana Dayo Aiyetan yashimiye abanyamakuru bo mu gihugu cye cya Nigeria bagize uruhare rukomeye mu bukangurambaga kuri Covid-19, babeshyuza  Leta ya Nigeria yavugaga ko yiteguye guhangana na Covid-19, nyamara byahe byo kajya. Ati “ nyuma y’iyo nkuru hahindutse byinshi, kuko Leta yahise ibona ko abanyamakuru bifuza ko habaho impinduka mu mikorere”.

Mu ntangiriro za Mata, ICIR yari yagaye intica ntikize y’amadolari 13.6 (ibihumbi 12 mu manyarwanda), byahabwaga abaganga bitaga ku barwayi ba Covid-19 muri Nigeria rimwe mu kwezi. Ni mu gihe yayagereranyaga n’ayatangwaga muri Sierra Leone  na Liberia mu gihe cya Ebola mu 2015. Muri Sierra Leone buri muganga yahabwaga buri kwezi amadorali 460, naho abo muri Libéria bo bahabwaga ayagera kuri 825. Itsinda rya ICIR kandi ryaheraga ku bwishingizi bungana n’amadorali 361 buhabwa abaganga bita ku barwayi ba Covid-19 muri Ghana. Iyi nkuru imaze ibyumweru bibiri gusa, agahimbazamusyi gahabwa abaganga bo muri Nigeria kahise kikuba inshuro eshanu.

Imyanzuro yavuye mu iki kiganiro cya munani GIJN yari ikoze ku nsangamatsiko yo “Gucukumbura inkuru za Covid-19”, ni uko abanyamakuru bo muri Africa bakoze neza mu kubeshyuza ibihuha byavugwaga kuri Covid-19 mu mezi abiri abanza. Gusa hari benshi bakigowe no kumenya inkuru zikenewe no kuzicukumbura bakazitandukanya na gahunda isanzwe y’amakuru(inkuru zisanzwe).

Ku bwa Peter Mwesige, uyobora ikigo nyafurika gishinzwe kuzamura ireme ry’itangazamakuru, (African Centre for Media Excellence), ngo umucyo no kwemera ukuri  mu nkuru za Covid-19 muri Africa ntibyabura gukemangwa, bitewe cyane cyane n’uburyo rubanda ibona itangazamakuru, ndetse na gihamya y’ibyo ritangaza.

Ati “ni inkuru igikeneye ubucukumbuzi, hari aho imibare iba itizewe ubuziranenge, yemwe hari n’aho n’inzobere zitayihurizaho. Tugomba guhora twemera ko hari ibidatunganye mu kazi kacu, kubera ibimenyetso tuba tuzi aho byavuye”.

Muri Mata, uyu Mwesige n’itsinda rye bari basohoye urutonde rw’ibitekerezo 10 byavamo inkuru muri Africa; uhereye ku ngaruka za Covid-19 mu itangwa n’ikorwa ry’amasoko yo mu buhinzi, ukageza yemwe ku ruhare rw’abanyamadini.  Avuga ko urwo rutonde rwari rwakozwe, kugira ngo abanyamakuru bakore iyo bwabaga mu kugaragaza byimbitse ingaruka za Covid-19, noneho banarenge imbibi zo kureba ibijyanye n’ubuzima gusa.

Akagira ati “ nk’abanyamakuru, dukeneye kumva kurushaho uko ibihugu by’Africa bifata ingamba zo guhangana na Covid-19. Tugomba kandi guhora tubaza ibibazo kenshi, tugakurikirana niba koko amafaranga yarakoreshejwe ibyo yateganyirijwe”.

Undi ni Joshua Olufemi, washinze Dataphyte muri Nigéria. We avuga ko hari imbuga nyinshi zashyiriweho abanyamakuru, ziriho imibare inasesenguye. Ariko ntibagomba kwibagirwa amakuru atangwa n’abantu, kabone n’iyo baba basomye imizingo y’imibare muri Excel. Ngo kuko imibare yizewe muri iki gihe iratinda, kuko iva mu igenzura kandi ntirikorwa neza mu gihe cya Covid-19. Niyo mpamvu abanyamakuru bagomba gufatira ku makuru aboneka ku mbuga nkoranyambaga n’atambukirizwa mu bikari, kugira ngo babashe kuziba icyuho giterwa no kuba nta nyandiko zihari.

Uwitwa Mia Malan, umwanditsi mukuru wa Bhekisisa Center for Health Journalism, ikigo gifite n’ikinyamakuru gikora ku Buzima muri Africa y’epfo, we yerekana uburyo bwinshi bwo gukangurira abasomyi kwita ku nkuru zivuga ku buzima, mu gihe hari bamwe batazitaho.

Malan avuga ko inkuru za siyanse zigaragaramo ubuhamya nyabwo bw’abantu zishobora gukurura abasomyi kurusha izindi. Yongeraho ko Bhekisisa ikunze gukoresha inkuru z’amashusho mu rwego rwo gushishikaza abadasanzwe bakunda kuzisoma.

Bhekisisa nk’umuryango wigenga ugamije guteza imbere itangazamakuru, izwiho gusakaza inkuru zakozwe n’abandi banyamakuru. Magingo aya imaze gutangaza inkuru zifatika ku buryo bwo guhangana na Covid-19 no kwita ku barwayi bayo. Aha twavugamo nka “Madagascar cure,” testing backlogs, (umuti wavumbuwe na Madagascar uko watinze gupimwa ngo wemezwe) na interviews with scientists (ibiganiro n’abahanga ) ku ngamba Africa y’epfo yafashe mu guhangana na Covid-19. Banatangaje inkuru ibabaje ku mu Meya washakaga gukoresha amafaranga ya Leta ngo agure “urukingo” rwa baringa (rutaremezewa).

Uwari uyoboye ikiganiro ni Asha Mwilu wa Citizen TV yo muri Kenya. Uyu ari mu bakoze inkuru za mbere Covid-19 ikimara kumenyekana, ubwo yavugaga ku ngamba zafashwe n’ibitaro bimwe muri Africa. Mwilu avuga ko na we ubwe yashatse kwishyira mu kato k’iminsi 14 akimara gukorera iriya nkuru mu mavuriro ya Nairobi.

Inama abari mu nama bagiriye abanyamakuru ni izi zikurikira:

• • • Niba utekereza gukora inkuru icukumbuye ku cyorezo cya Covid-19, hera hafi yawe umenyereye, ku makuru ubasha kubona byoroshye. Kuko nta gice cy’ubuzima na kimwe kitagizweho ingaruka na Covid-19: ubuhinzi, imyemerere n’uburezi ; mu gihe ibi ari bimwe bimwe mu bidasanzwe bikorwaho inkuru zicukumbuye mu bijyanye n’inshingano nabyo Covid-19 yabigezeho.
    • Mu gihe ucukumbura, reba icyo ifaranga ryakoreshejwe, urebe icyo siyansi ivuga; ariko wibande ku bantu mu gihe ukora inkuru.
    • Emera ko haba hari ibitizewe mu byo utangaza, ube umunyakuri ku bagukurikira. Hari ibyo waba utazi, hari n’amakuru wakoresha atakigezweho. Emera ko bibaho ntubizeze ibitangaza.
    • Kwirinda amakuba ntibisobanura kudakora inkuru, inkuru ushobora kuyicukumbura wifashishije telephone cyangwa ibiganiro kuri skype. Hari umunyamakuru wa  Bhekisisa wamaze amasaha arenga atanu aganira n’umuntu wamuhaga amakuru y’ingenzi ku bijyanye n’uburyo “bashakisha abantu babonanye n’uwanduye covid-19”.
    • Gira umuco wo kwifashisha inzobere uzibaze ibibazo bya siyansi. Ku bijyanye n’ubuvuzi, hari imbuga zizewe nka  the Mayo Clinic na  PubMed.
    • Gereranya ingamba Leta yafashe kuri  COVID-19  n’izo yafataga ku byorezo byabanje.
    • Ita ku ntara n’uturere cyangwa ahandi hantu hashobora kubura amakuru ya COVID-19 kubera ukuntu hateye n’imiyoborere yaho. Hari abanyamakuru bahutajwe , abandi baranafungwa kubera kutita no kutamenya imiterere y’agace bataramo inkuru.
    • Nyuma y’amezi 6 wareba impinduka inkuru yagize, kandi ukagenzura niba inzego za Leta zikora ibijyanye n’ibyo zateganije.
    • Igihe hari amakuru ava muri Leta atinda cyangwa adatangwa mu gihe cya Covid-19, ifashishe ayo ku mbuga nkoranyambaga n’andi atangirwa mu gikari.
    • Gerageza kuganira n’abarwayi basezerewe mu bitaro bamaze gupimwa ko bakize Covid-19. Abo kubageraho bisa n’ibyoroshye, kandi bishimira kuvuga ibyabayeho, iyo bagarutse mu rugo.
    • Korana na bagenzi bawe mu gihugu no hanze, cyane ku nkuru utabasha kwigereraho, kubera ubumenyi cyangwa ibikoresho, no kuba ari kure nko hanze y’igihugu.

Yanditswe na  Rowan Philp  umunyamakuru wa  GIJN. Uyu yahoze ari umwanditsi wa Sunday Times muri Africa y’epfo. Azwiho gukora inkuru za politiki, ruswa n’amakimbirane mu bihugu bigera kuri 24 ku isi.