Ibyafasha umunyamakuru ukora inkuru kuri COVID-19

Uko imibare y’abahitanwa na COVID 19 , abayandura n’abayikira igenda yiyongera ku isi, ni ko iki cyorezo gishya kigenda gifata umwanya mu nkuru nyamukuru zivugwa ku isi. COVID-19 ifatwa nk’ikibazo kibangamiye ubuzima bw’abatuye isi yose. Kugeza ubu ni kimwe mu byorezo bitandatu byemejwe n’ishami ry’umuryango w’abibumbye ryita ku buzima, OMS, muri iyi myaka ya vuba. Kimaze guhungabanya ubukungu bw’isi, gitwara amamiliyari y’amadolari, ku buryo hari n’abavuga ko kugirango gikumirwe ku isi gishobora kuzagendaho tiriya 2,7 z’amadolari, (2,7 trillion USD).

Nubwo hari imibare nyayo cyangwa kugereranya, biragoye kumenya neza umuvuduko COVID-19 ishobora kugenderaho n’ingaruka zayo nyirizina. Muri iryo huzagurika mu makuru ahindagurika atanizewe igihe cyose, abanyamakuru ku isi yose bahura n’imbogamizi nyinshi mu gukora inkuru kuri iki cyorezo, kandi bakazitangaza badaciye igikuba. Muri izo mbogamizi hanarimo guhangana n’ibihuha, ndetse n’ingaruka ku buzima bwabo igihe bagiye guhura n’abantu babasaba amakuru.

Mu rwego rwo gufasha abanyamakuru mu gukora izi nkuru, Miraj Chowdhury wa GIJN yegeranije zimwe mu nama zitangwa n’ibigo by’itangazamakuru binyuranye, abanyamakuru b’inararibonye ndetse n’izitangwa n’inzobere. Turateganya gukomeza kwegeranya ibyafasha mu gukora inkuru, no kubishyira mu ndimi zivugwa mu turere GIJN ikoreramo no ku mbuga nkoranyambaga. Kuri ubu wabona: Bangla COVID-19 guide here, Iyi ni inkuru y’amashusho kuri  COVID-19 yatangajwe mu binyamakuru byo mu Bushinwa, yakozwe ku bufatanye bwa GIJN n’Ubushinwa. Hari kandi n’inama z’umwanditsi Thomas Abraham wanditse ibitabo kuri SARS n’imbasa. Atanga inama ku buryo bwo gukora inkuru zicukumbuye ku ndwara z’ibyorezo.

Kwirengera ibyo ukora

Mu bushakashatsi bwe buheruka, Karin Wahl-Jorgensen agaragaza ukuntu inkuru zigera ku ijana  zakozwe kuri COVID-19  zari zuzuye imvugo itera ubwoba. Uyu mwarimukazi avuga ko nibura inkuru imwe mu icyenda yakoresheje ijambo “ubwoba” n’andi asa naryo.  None, ni gute twakomeza gukora inkuru zitabogamye twirinda guca igikuba? Al Tompkins ateganya gushyiraho ikinyamakuru gisohoka buri munsi kivuga kuri COVID-19. We asanga umuti ari ukwirengera ibyo dukora, tukamenya ko inkuru itureba ubwacu. Muri make agira ati:

1. Gabanya amagambo arimo amarangamutima no kubogama, urugero ngo “indwara yoreka imbaga, yica”.
2. Itondere amafoto ukoresha nayo yahindura ubutumwa washakaga gutambutsa
3. Sobanura neza ingamba zafashwe mu kurwanya COVID-19, bituma inkuru yawe igabanya ubukana no guhahamura abantu.
4. Ibuka ko inkuru ishingiye ku mibare iba yoroshye, ntitera ubwoba nk’izishingiye ku magambo gusa.
5. Irinde imitwe y’inkuru igamije gukurura abasomyi gusa ahubwo uzane udushya mu kwerekana ibintu.

Naho Tom Jones  ashimangira ko ibimenyetso biruta amagambo, ngo kuko inkuru ari iya siyansi itari iya politiki.“It’s a science story, not a political one”. Ashaka kwerekana ko nubwo ibya COVID-19 bizamo politiki kandi abatanga amakuru ari abanyapolitiki, ngo icy’ingenzi twamenya ni uko COVID-19 ireba cyane inzobere mu buvuzi n’abaganga.

Yite amazina yayo yemejwe

Aho iki cyorezo kiziye, abanyamakuru bakunze gukoresha amazina menshi bashaka kuvuga iyi Virusi. Hari abayise  “the coronavirus,” “a coronavirus,” “new coronavirus,” cyangwa  “novel coronavirus.”  Iki ni icyerekana ko itandukanye n’andi mavirusi yabayeho atera indwara z’ibyorezo.Buri virusi igira izina ryayo, kandi yazaga ari nshya, nk’uko Merrill Perlman abivuga mu nkuru ye iheruka.Ushaka kumenya iby’amazina wasoma ibisobanuro bya OMS ku mpamvu amavirusi agira amazina anyuranye.

Wowe wayita ute? Ubwo CNN yakoreshaga ijambo “icyorezo” yavuze impamvu. Ariko umenye ko magingo aya OMS yari itaravuga ko COVID-19 ari icyorezo, kandi nta kabuza nabo bafite impamvu. Cyakora umwanditsi w’iyi nkuru yongeraho ko OMS yaje kuvugurura inyito, birangira kuva tariki 11 Werurwe COVID-19 yiswe icyorezo.

Muti byose biterwa n’iki? Uburemere bw’amagambo. Nkuko bisobanurwa mu gitabo AP Stylebook, “ Igikatu (icyorezo-epidemic) ni indwara yandura ku buryo bwihuse mu baturage b’igihugu cyangwa akace runaka. Naho Icyorezo nyirizina, (pandemic), ni indwara ikwirakwira isi yose”. Muri rusange icyakabaye cyiza ni ugukurikiza ibyo abakuriye inzego z’ubuzima baba batangaje. Ushatse wanasoma igitabo AP Stylebook on Coronavirus wasangamo ibindi byagufasha. 

Ubwirinzi bwawe

Mu bihe by’indwara z’ibyorezo, abanyamakuru ntibashobora gukora inkuru aho bifungiranye. Bisaba ko basohoka bakajya hanze kureba uko byifashe bagahura n’abantu babaha amakuru. Aho rero niho nabo ubwabo bashobora kwandurira. Umuryango uharanira kurengera abanyamakuru, CPJ, (Committee to Protect Journalists), wamaze gushyira ahagaragara amabwiriza agenga amanyamakuru mu gihe cyo gukora inkuru kuri COVID-19. Harimo imyiteguro ihagije kandi yitondewe, ubwirinzi ngo batabasha kwandura, gupanga uko urugendo rukorwa ndetse n’imyitwarire yabo nyuma yo kuva gutara inkuru.

Dore bimwe mu byo basaba:

• Kwamba ibirindantoki, (gants), igihe ugiye ahantu hari ubwandu, nk’ahavurirwa abanduye. N’ibindi abaganga bifashisha birinda nk’itaburiya n’agapfukamunwa nawe wabyitabaza bibaye ngombwa.
• Irinde kujya mu masoko agurishirizwamo inyama n’amafi bibisi, cyangwa ahaba inyamaswa mu gace kagezemo ubwandu. Irinde kwegera inyamaswa, zaba nzima cyangwa zapfuye, n’ahazegereye uhirinde. Wikorakora ahantu amatungo yataye umwanda.
• Igihe wakoreye kwa muganga, mu isoko cyangwa ahaba inyamaswa; ntukarambike ibikoresho byawe hasi. Kandi ujye uhora uhanaguza ibikoresho byawe umuti wica udukoko.
• Ntukarire cyangwa ngo unywere hafi y’inyamaswa cyangwa mu isoko; cyangwa urye ukorakora inyamaswa.
• Karaba kenshi intoki n’amazi ashyushye n’isabune ugeze mu gace karimo ubwandu. Bikore na mbere yo kuhagera na nyuma yo kuhava.

Inama z’inzobere

Amakuru agezweho jya uyakuru ku mbuga za OMS, ku bigo bishinzwe kwirinda no kurwanya indwara (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention -CDC) bikorera muri America, n’icyo mu Bwongereza cyitwa Public Health England -PHE. Ku birebana na COVID-19 wanareba  ibyo Johns Hopkins University itangaza. Ubundi ugendere ku byo inzego za Leta zishinzwe iki cyorezo  mu gihugu cyawe zitangaza.

Agasanduku k’abanyamakuru, na Sosiyete y’abanyamakuru b’umwuga, yashyize ahagaragara ibikoresho by’ingenzi n’inkomoko. Dore bike:

1. 1. • Global Health Security Index, gusuzuma ubushobozi bwumutekano wubuzima mu bihugu 195
      • US Department of Health and Human Services: Coronavirus
      • US Travel.State.Gov kumenya ingaruka zurugendo rwigihugu
      • The NewsMarket, Inc. ya b-roll na videwo
      • MPassport.com, base base yabaganga bavuga icyongereza mubihugu 180

Ntiboroshye kubona inzobere kuri COVID-19, kuko ni virusi itarameneyekana neza kandi batabasha kumenya uko ejo izaba imeze. Ikindi abaganga n’abashakashatsi ibyo bayizeho ntibahagije. Ku bw’ibyo rero, umwarimu wigisha ku ndwara z’ibyorezo muri kaminuza ya Havard, Bwana William Hanage, hari ibintu bitanu avuga ko wagenderaho mu guhitamo inzobere.

• • • Shishoza mu guhitamo inzobere, kuko kugira igihembo kitiriwe Nobel mu kintu kimwe, gutunga impamyabushobozi z’ikirenga (PhD), cyangwa kwigisha mu mashuri ahambaye, ntibihagije ngo umuntu abe inzobere mu bireba siyansi byose.
    • Tandukanya ikizwe nk’ukuri n’ikivugwa nk’ukuri. Hari ibivugwa kubera inyungu runaka, cyangwa ari igitekerezo cy’umuntu ku giti cye.
    • Gira amakenga mu gukoresha amakuru wakuye mu bushakashatsi butarashyirwa hanze, cyangwa ibitabo byanditswe n’abarangiza kaminuza ariko bitatangajwe.
    • Ifashishe abarimu muri za kaminuza bakubwire icyo ibiri kuvumburwa byamara mu nkuru yawe. Mu rwego rwo kwirinda ikwirakwizwa ry’ibihuha, ibitangazwa nabyo byagombye kugenzurwa ko bifitiwe gihamya, (outlets also should fact-check op-eds).
    • Soma kenshi kandi neza inkuru z’abanyamakuru bakunda gukora kuri siyansi.

Inama z’abandi banyamakuru

Dore ibyo GIJN na Thomas Abraham bakugiraho inama byagufasha. Wibuke ko uyu Thomas Abraham yahoze ari umunyamakuru wandika ku buzima. Yananditse igitabo kuri SARS, icyago cyateye isi muri iki kinyejana, ( “Twenty-first Century Plague: The Story of SARS” ); anadika igitabo ku mbasa n’uburyo yacibwa burundu, (“Polio: The Odyssey of Eradication”).

Undi ni Caroline Chen nawe ukora ku buvuzi. Uyu yarokotse SARS ku myaka 13 muri Hong Kong, nyuma akora inkuru z’ikubitiro kuri SARS na Ebola.

Mu nkuru ye, avuga cyane ku byo ugomba kubaza igihe ukora inkuru kuri COVID-19. Anerekana uburyo wakwitwara ugatangaza ibyizewe, nyamara ugendera ku mibare bagereranije, ku biteganywa ndetse n’amakuru ahinduka buri kanya. Ubundi akakugira inama ko nta gisumba umutekano wawe mbere ya byose.

Naho John Pope, umunyamakuru urengeje imyaka 20 akora ku buzima, yanditse ibintu 11 byafasha ukora inkuru ku bicurane, (11 tips to cover swine flu), kandi zimwe muri zo uzasanga zanafasha mu gihe cya  COVID-19 .

Muri izo nama ze harimo akamaro ko kugira ibimenyetso by’ibanze, kugaragaza ibihugu n’uturere icyorezo kigezemo, kuvuga ibintu mu buryo bworoshye kandi bunoze, kwibanda ku ngamba zo gukumira ndetse no kwitondera amagambo ukoresha.

Ihuriro ry’abanyamakuru ku isi, (IJNet), nayo yakusanyirije hamwe inama zafasha umunyamakuru ukora kuri  COVID-19, rihereye ku zatanzwe n’abanyamakuru bakora ku ndwara. Dore bimwe mu byo IJNet ivuga:

• • • Banza wumve impumeko n’umwuka biri aho ugomba gukorera, maze uyigendereho kandi uyigaragaze mu nkuru yawe.
    • Ibuka ko ukora inkuru, udasesengura
    • Menya imitwe y’inkuru zawe
    • Amashusho yose siko ari meza (si ko agomba gutangazwa)
    • Gerageza kuvugana n’abantu benshi bashoboka
    • Irinde imyitwarire n’imvugo igaragaza ivangura
    • Igengesere igihe uvugana n’inzobere
    • Ntugateshe agaciro inkuru wita ko zidashamaje
    • Ihagarareho, umenye aho ugarukira. Bibaye ngombwa ugire ibyo uhakanira umuyobozi wawe
    • Ibintu nibiguhindukiraho ugerageze kuguma ku nkuru yawe

OMS wakoze urukurikirane rw’amashusho y’ibihimbano umuntu wese ashobora gukoresha – harimo n’abanyamakuru. Ishusho: OMS

Kugenzura ibimenyetso mu nkuru za  COVID-19

“Urugamba turiho si urwo kurwanya icyorezo, turarwanya ibihuha ku cyorezo”, ibi ni ibyavuzwe na Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus, tariki 15 Gashyantare.Muri ibi bihe ikoranabuhanga rikoreahwa mu gukwirakwiza ibihuha n’amakuru ayobya; abanyamakuru nabo bari mu bashobora guhabwa cyangwa gukoresha amakuru atari yo.Ingero ni nyinshi: ngo COVID-19 ishobora gukwirakwizwa n’ibicuruzwa bikorerwa mu Bushinwa, ngo hari abaganga bayihimbye, ubundi ngo yakorewe muri Laboratwari.

Mu nkuru iheruka,  Poynter avuga ko hari igihuha cyatambukijwe mu bihugu nibura bitanu aribyo Amerika, ubuhinde, Indonesia, Ghana na Kenya. Icyo gihuha cyavugaga ko “Leta y’Ubushinwa yasabye urukiko rw’ikirenga uburenganzira bwo kwica abantu ibihumbi 20 banduye coronavirus ”.

Mu mpera za Gashyantare 2020, the #CoronaVirusFacts / #DatosCoronaVirus alliance, yashyize hanze inkuru 558 zivuga kuri Covid-19 zagenzuwe neza. OMS yashyizeho page yo kurwanya no kuvuguruza ibihuha bivugwa kuri Covid-19, harimo amashushusho akwirakwizwa mu bitangazamakuru. AFP nayo ubu yamaze gutangiza umugambi wo kurwanya ibihuha bivugwa kuri Coronavirusi.

Hari ibinyamakuru byinshi bidafite uburyo bwo kugenzura ibimenyetso n’amakuru, ndetse nta n’umukozi bifite ubishoboye. Mu gihe rero ubonye ibihuha cyangwa amakuru udashira amakenga, gerageza urebe mu matsinda yizewe mu karere, afite uburyo bufatika bwo kugenzura amakuru.

Uko witwara ku bahungabanyijwe n’abagizweho ingaruka na COVID-19

Mu nkuru zacu dukeneyemo amasura y’abantu nyabantu. Tugomba kubasanga aho baba cyangwa bakorera tukababaza ibibazo bagasubiza. Ariko mu cyorezo nk’iki cyugarije isi yose, abo cyagizeho ingaruka barahungabanye. Aba bashobora kutemera kugarazwa no gutangazwa bavuga ku burwayi. Yemwe no kuvuga aho bari byateza ubwoba bigaca igikuba aho hantu; bikaba byanatuma abagize uwo muryango babuzwa amahwemo.

Dart Center for Journalism & Trauma yakusanyije urutonde rw’ibikenerwa mu gihe cyo gukora inkuru kuri COVID-19. Ibyo birimo amabwiriza-yobora, inama, n’ibyakozwe neza n’abandi byagenderwaho.

Harimo kandi inama z’inzobere ku bijyanye no kugirana ikiganiro n’abahungabanijwe na COVID-19 n’abakirokotse, ndetse n’uburyo twakorana na bagenzi bacu bashobora guhura n’ibibahungabanya. Inkuru ya Center for Health Journalism inarimo amasomo yafasha gutara inkuru ku bakize COVID-19 bagahungabana.

Igira iti: “Uwahungabanye mwubahirize nk’umuntu, ureke we ubwe aguhe karibu mu kiganiro.

• • • Muhe uburenganzira bwo kugena igihe ikiganiro kimara, akigiremo uruhare. Hari n’abajyanama b’ihungabana wabifashisha.
    • Mubere imfura, wubahirize ibyo mwemeranije ku mwirondoro we. Niba yemera ko umutangaza ubikore, niba abikwangiye ntubikore.
    • Shyira ubumuntu imbere mu gihe ukora inkuru. Haranira imibereho y’uwahungabanye mbere yo guharanira ko inkuru yawe ikorwa.
    • Wihaburwa n’uko agusubiza ku bibazo bikomeye, mwumve kandi wifatanye na we (umufate mu mugongo).
    • Zirikana ko kuganira kenshi n’abahungabanye byakugiraho ingaruka, (nawe ukaba wahungabana).

Ariko ikibitambutse byose, “Iyiteho wirinde nawe ubwawe”.

Izi nama zakusanyijwe n’umunyamakuru Miraj Ahmed Chowdhury akorera  GIJN i Bangla . Afite uburambe bw’imyaka 14 mu itangazamakuru, ahanini kuri Radio. Anashinzwe itumanaho muri Management and Resources Development Initiative (MRDI), umwe mu miryango ikomeye iharanira iterambere ry’itangazamakuru.