Inkuru zicukumbuye zirafasha mu gucunga neza ibya rubanda

Dayo Aiyetan, Umuyobozi Mukuru wa International Centre for Investigative Reporting (ICIR). Ifoto: Tuyikesha ICIR

Ikigo mpuzamahanga giharanira guteza imbere inkuru zicukumbuye, (ICIR) kirafasha Nigeria gucunga neza ibya rubanda mu gihe cya COVID-19. Ikigo kigenga cya ICIR gikorera muri Nigeria cyateye inkunga abanyamakuru bakora inkuru zicukumbuye ku imikoreshereze y’umutungo mu gihe cyo guhangana n’icyorezo cya COVID-19.

 Mu kiganiro umuyobozi nshingwabikorwa wa ICIR,  Dayo Aiyetan , yagiranye na Benon Herbert Oluka, umunyamakuru wa GIJN muri  Africa, asobanura ibyo itsinda ryagezeho. Dayo Aiyetan,  na we ni umunyamakuru ukora inkuru zicukumbuye akanaba umunyamakuru uhugura abandi. Ikiganiro cyabaye hifasheshijwe ikoranabuhanga, tariki ya 14 Gicurasi.

Mumaze ibyumweru hafi 6 mucukumbura kuri COVID-19, ni iki mwavumbuye cyagira umusaruro?

Icya mbere ni uburyo twakoresheje ngo tumenye uko amafaranga akoreshwa, aho twabajije uburyo inkunga y’amafaranga igera ku miryango itishoboye muri Nigeria. Perezida yasabye ko buri muryango ukennye uhabwa  ibihumbi 20 by’amanayira (amafaranga akoreshwa muri Nigeria), aya ni hafi amadolari 51. Nyamara ducukumbuye twasanze imiryango yayahawe itagera no kimwe cya kabiri cy’abagombaga kuyahabwa, hakurikijwe urutonde rw’abakene muri iki gihugu.

Amakuru twabonye kandi atwereka ko umubare w’amafaranga yagombaga gutangwa wahinduwe, kuko abo majyaruguru bahawe menshi cyane ugereranije n’abo mu majyepfo. Byabaye ngombwa ko Leta ishaka ubundi buryo bwo kubashumbusha nko gutanga ibiribwa ngo imiryango myinshi ishoboka igerweho n’iyo nkunga.

Igishushanyo: ICIR

Ikigo cy’igihugu gishinzwe gusohora amafaranga kigaragaza ko mu ntara y’amajyaruguru ashyira uburengerazuba hafashijwe imiryango isaga ibihumbi 560, nyamara mu majyepfo ashyira uburasirazuba hagafashwa ibigumbi 27 gusa. Hari kandi inkuru twakoze ku mafaranga agenerwa abakozi bo mu buvuzi kubera impanuka zishobora kubabaho. Hari aho twasanze abaganga batanageza ku manayira ibihumbi bitanu, (amadolari 13). Tugereranije n’ibindi bihugu, dusanga abaganga bo muri Ghana bahabwa amadolari 361, muri Sierra Leone bakabona 460, naho Liberia bikaba 825. Ibi byatumye Leta ihita ihindura ibintu.

Ku bwanje inkuru icukumbuye yatanze umusaruro cyane ni iyahamagawemo Minisitiri w’ubuzima, nyuma y’uko yari yakabirije uburyo igihugu cya Nigeria kiteguye mu guhangana n’icyorezo cya Coronavirus. Uy muminisitiri yasuye ibitaro bimwe mu mujyi wa Lagos ahita atangaza ko Nigeria yose iryamiye amajanja. Ibi byatumye na OMS yikiriza iyo ntero, ibifata nk’ukuri. Nyamara twe ducukumbuye dusanga Nigeria nta n’ibigo yateguye byo kwakiriramo abari mu kato, itaniteguye guhangana n’ibibazo byo mu buvuzi byaterwa n’icyo cyorezo (abaganga bake, kubura imiti, kutita ku barwayi b’izindi ndwara, …). Ndizera nkomeje ko gutumiza Minisitiri byatumye Leta ihindura umuvuno ifata ingamba nshya. Nyuma yabwo habaye gukorera mu mucyo mu itangwa ry’amakuru yizewe ku banyagihugu. Ubu noneho hari itsinda ryashyizweho na Perezida rishinzwe ibya COVID-19 ritanga amakuru n’amabwiriza ku baturage buri munsi.

Ikibazo cya  COVID-19 cyatangiye nk’ikibazo cy’ubuzima mbere y’uko gikwira isi yose ibitangazamakuru byinshi bikakivugaho. Nk’itsinda ricukumbura ku rwego mpuzamahanga, ni gute mukora inkuru kuri COVID-19 zikazana impinduka?

Dukora turi bake, nta banyamakuru dufite muri buri ntara (leta), tubafite Abuja gusa. Noneho mu gihe cya “Guma mu rugo” byahumiye ku mirari, buri munyamakuru akorera aho atuye, ni ukuvuga ko amakuru twakoreshaga ni ayabaga yavuye mu byabereye mu ntara y’umurwa mukuru gusa, bikaduha ishusho rusange y’ibintu.

Ntabwo twakoreye mu gihugu cyose, kandi haberaga byinshi. Twagerageje gukorana n’abanyamakuru b’ibindi bitangazamakuru, twari twarateye inkunga y’inkuru zicukumbuye  ku mishinga imwe n’imwe. Abo rero twanafatanije gutangaza inkuru. Ibi twabikoze icyorezo kigitangira, tuvuga ku ngamba Leta yafashe mu guhangana nacyo, ndetse no ku micungire mibi y’izo ngamba, ku bahakana n’abakerensa COVID-19 ndetse n’uburyo abayirwaye bitabwaho.

Ese mwadusangiza ku macukumbura mwakoze mu gihe cya Guma mu rugo mukanadusobanurira uko mwabigezeho?

Inkuru twakoze ku bucucike mu magereza yakozwe rwihishwa muri gereza imwe. Nta bisobanuro byinshi natanga, ariko umunyamakuru wacu yabashije kugera muri gereza ya Maiduguri yibonera ibyaberagamo, maze abasha kugira ishusho y’uko byagenda muri iyo gereza, haramutse hatagejejwe ibikoresho byo kurinda abafungwa cyangwa ngo bagabanywe ntibakomeze gucucikirana.

Indi ni iyo twakoze ku ngamba zafashwe n’intara ya Akwa lbom. Twabashije kumenya ibihabera byose, kubera hari umunyamakuru wizewe wari yo akemera kudukorera. Inkuru yari ngombwa kuko muri iyo ntara ubuyobozi ntibwemeraga ko Coronavirusi ari icyorezo, ntibwemeraga kuyisuzuma; ahubwo abaganga bavugaga ibya COVIOD19 bari bamerewe nabi. Twaracukumbuye twerekana ibyo byose.

Icyadushimishije ni uko umwe mu bategetsi ba Leta ya Akwa lbom amaze gusoma inkuru yacu we ubwe yiyiziye kutureba akaduha amakuru ku byahaberaga byose. Kubera ko tutari dufiteyo umunyamakuru, twafashe umwe twizeye akora inkuru agendeye ku makuru twari dufite.

Imwe mu mbogamizi zikomeye abanyamakuru bakora kuri COVID-19 bagira ni ukwizera imibare itangazwa. Niba hari aho mwahuye n’iki kibazo mwabyitwayemo mute?

Urugero ruhita runzamo ni inkuru twakoze ku rutonde rw’abakene. Leta yari yaranze gutanga imibare nyayo y’imiryango ikennye. Ubwo rero abantu benshi n’abanyamakuru bapfaga gukoresha imibare babonye yose, utapfa kumenya ukuri kwayo.

Twaje kugira amahirwe, uko twakomeje gushakisha twaje kugera ku muntu ubishinzwe, aduha amakuru nyayo avuye muri imwe mu nyandiko za Leta. Dusuzumye dusanga iyo nyandiko ni umwimerere, dukoresha iyo mibare kandi Leta ntiyashoboraga kuyihakana.

Ni izihe mbogamizi nyamukuru mwahuye nazo mukora inkuru zicukumbuye kuri iki cyorezo?

Ndatekereza imihangayiko twagize dushaka amakuru nyayo ahantu nyaho, cyane mu bitaro no mu bigo byita ku bari mu kato. Twashakaga gukora ku baganga n’ukuntu bitwara mu kuvura abarwayi ba COVID-19;  kureba ko hari ibyo bagenerwa biteza imbere imibereho yabo, niba bafite ibikoresho byo kubarinda n’ibyo kubafasha kuvura.

Ariko inzego za Leta zatubujije kubigeraho. Hari aho byakumvikana ko Leta itashakaga ko ukuri ku bitagenda mu kuvura abarwayi ba COVID-19 kujya ahagaragara; ariko ibyo si ibintu byo guhishahisha bigomba kumenyekana.

Indi mbogamizi yabaye mu gukora inkuru ku ibangamirwa ry’uburenganzira bwa muntu mu gihe cya Guma mu rugo. Birumvikana ko benshi mu banyamakuru bacu nta modoka bafite, bityo hari aho tutabashaga kugera, bigatuma inkuru twifuzaga tutayigeraho. Ariko mu gihe gito twabashije kwiyungura inama tubasha kubyakira.

Hari ibikoresho bidasanzwe mwifashishije mu gukora izi nkuru kuri COVID-19?

Hari ibikoresho bimwe na bimwe byoroheje twakoreshaga nka Telephone irimo Twitter, Truecaller na Wayback Machine. Ibi byadufashaga mu nkuru zijyanye no gusuzuma niba ibiriho ari byo. Hanyuma tukifashisha TinEye na Google mu gushaka no gusuzuma niba amafoto akoreshwa ari umwimerer koko. Mu mizo ya mbere ya COVID-19, hakaba Guma mu rugo n’ifungwa ry’imipaka,  twifashishije Flightradar24 dukurikirana ibirebana n’ingendo z’indege. Urugero natanga, ubwo twakoraga kuri Abba Kyari, (wari umuyobozi mu biro bya Perezida akaza kwicwa na COVID-19), twifashishije Flightradar24  tugerageza kureba amatariki yaviriye Abuja n’aho yagiye hose. [Twasanze yarapfuye amaze ukwezi avuye mu gihugu.]

Ni ayahe mahirwe abanyamakuru bacukumbura babuze mwifuza ko bazitaho mu gihe kiri imbere?

Amakuru acukumbuye afasha Leta gukorera abaturage uko bikwiye no kucunga neza ibya rubanda, ariko anayifasha gukora gahunda y’ibikorwa. Muri make itangazamakuru rigira uruhare mu kugena imirongo na politiki za Leta.

Urugero nk’ubu Leta ya Nigeria yahagaritse gahunda ya Guma mu rugo kandi icyorezo kigikomeje ubukana. Abanyamakuru basabwa kuvuguruza igikorwa nk’iki bifashishije ibigaragazwa mu makuru. Ubu muri ICIR, turi gukurikirana amakuru ajyanye na COVID-19 ngo turebe niba koko amabwiriza yo kuva muri Guma mu rugo yaraziye igihe cyangwa niba yarihuse.

Igishushanyo: ICIR

Ikindi ntizera ni uko abanyamakuru bo muri Nigeria bakoresha amakuru ariho bihagije, ngo bafashe Leta kugena gahunda zirebana n’ubuzima, uburezi, ibikorwaremezo n’ibindi.Hari inkuru dushaka gukora muri ICIR twifashishije amakuru ajyanye n’uburezi. Tukareba cyane cyane imibare y’ibigo n’abanyeshuri babyo. Turifuza ko Leta itangira gutekereza uko bizagenda umunsi amashuri yongeye gutangira. Dushaka gukoresha ayo makuru twerekana uburyo Leta ikeneye kongera kubaka andi mashuri, kuko abana bacu bakeneye kwiga bubahiriza ya ntera igomba kuba hagati y’umwe n’undi, mu gihe bazaba basubiye kwiga. Abanyamakuru bashobora kwifashisha iyo mibare bakereka Leta ibyo igomba gukora, bigatuma ihindura politiki mu ngeri zose z’ubukungu.

Ku munsi w’ubwisanzure bw’Itangazamakuru mwavuze ko abanyamakuru n’ibigo by’itangazamakuru bigomba guhanga udushya kugira ngo ubuzima buzakomeze mu gihe COVID-19 izaba irangiye cyangwa imaze kugabanuka.

Abanyamakuru bagomba guhora biga uburyo bwo kugabanya ikiguzi cy’inkuru, cyane cyane hakifashishwa ikoranabuhanga. Magingo aya, umurimo wo gukora inkuru zicukumbuye, kimwe n’irindi tangazamakuru, uyobowe n’ikoranabuhanga. Abanyamakuru bagomba kugenda muri uwo mujyo bakava mu bishaje n’uburyo bwa gakondo. Aho kwirirwa rero twirukanka ku makuru dushaka uwaduha inyandiko n’imibare, twagombye kwiga uburyo ibyo byose byaboneka hifashishijwe ikoranabuhanga.

Iyi nkuru yanditswe na Benon Herbert Oluka, umunyamakuru wa  GIJN muri Africa. Ni inzobere mu itangazamakuru, akaba ari n’umwe mu bashinze ikigo giteza imbere itangazamakuru ricukumbura mu gihugu avukamo cya Uganda. Ni n’umunyamuryango w’ihuriro nyafurika ritangaza inkuru zicukumbuye.