Inama z’inzobere ku banyamakuru bakora inkuru zicukumbuye mu gihe cya COVID-19

Mu gihe ibihugu byinshi ku isi byafashe ingamba zidasanzwe mu rwego rwo kurwanya icyorezo cya coronavirus, akazi k’abanyamakuru bakora inkuru zicukumbuye ku myitwarire mibi y’ubutegetsi no gukandamiza abatishoboye ntikigeze kagaragara cyane. Mu gihe habaye ibibazo byihutirwa, abanyamakuru bacukumbura bagomba gutangirira he? Ni ibihe bikoresho n’ubuhanga bikenewe mu gukora inkuru zicukumbuye mu gihe cya COVID-19?

 Mu gushaka ibisubizo by’ibyo bibazo, GIJN yabajije abanyamakuru bakomeye hirya no hino ku isi – barimo impuguke mu gukora icukumbura ku makuru, inzira itangwa ry’amasoko ricamo, n’ibikoresho bifasha kugera ku nkomoko y’inkuru – kugira ngo babone aho ihera igira inama abanyamakuru bagenzi bacu ku byo twakagombye gusuzuma mu gihe cy’iki cyorezo. Dore ibyo batubwiye.

Miranda Patrucic

Umwanditsi mukuru wungirije.Patrucic akora inkuru zo mu karere ka Aziya yo hagati. Yigeze  gutegura umushinga wo gutanga amakuru ku byaha na ruswa.

Iyi ni impuguke mu gucukumbura ibijyanye no kunyereza amafaranga n’ibigo by’ubugizi bwa nabi. Patrucic ukorera muri Sarayevo afite igihembo cya “Knight International Journalism Award, Global Shining Light Award, IRE Award”, n’igihembo cy’abanyamakuru b’i Burayi. 

 Mu gihe ibihugu by’isi yose byahagurukiye  guhangana n’iki cyorezo byatangaje ibigomba gukorwa byihutirwa, hazabaho amahirwe mashya ku bashaka inyungu. Hateganijwe amamiliyoni y’amadolari mu gutanga amasoko mu buryo bwihutirwa no gukoresha andi atari yarigeze ateganywa kugira ngo bahangane n’iki cyorezo. Ariko  kandi iki kibazo gitanga inzira nshya zo kubaza abari ku butegetsi kugaragaza ibyo bakora. Abanyamakuru bagomba kureba amafaranga leta ikoresha, bakamenya abatanga amasoko mashya, inkomoko yayo, n’ibiciro byayo. Tugomba gushakisha amabendera atukura – amasosiyete atigeze acuruza ibikoresho by’ubuvuzi, amasosiyete afite ba nyirayo b’icyitiriro nyamara bene yo nyabo ari abatanga ayo masoko, abemerewe gupiganira amasoko bafitanye ubucuti n’abakomeye, amasosiyete yari afite ibicuruzwa bike mu myaka yashize, n’ibindi. Nubwo bishobora kugorana kubona amakuru muri guverinoma, kuvugana n’abapiganwa n’abandi batahawe ayo mahirwe bishobora kudufasha mu icukumbura ryacu. Ariko akazi kacu ntikazarangirana n’icyorezo. Ahubwo umwaka utaha, igihe amakonti  azaba yuzuyeho amafaranga ni bwo tuzumva neza uburyo iki cyorezo cyahaye abantu uburyo bwo kugera ku nyungu nyinshi.

Malachy Browne

Mukuru, mu Icukumbura rikoresha amashusho muri New York Times

Browne na bagenzi be barimo gukora ibishoboka byose kugira ngo batangaze amakuru y’umwimerere hamwe n’ibimenyetso by’ikoranabuhanga, nko gukusanya no gusesengura amakuru avuye kuri videwo, amafoto n’amajwi, gusesengura amashusho ya satelite, no gukoresha 3-D mu kugaragaza uko  ibyaha byakozwe.

Ingaruka z’icyorezo cya coronavirus zirimo kugaragara ku isi hose, kandi mu gihe guhura imbonankubone bidashoboka, abantu bahura binyuze mu ikoranabuhanga no ku mbuga nkoranyambaga. Kandi rero turabona ihungabana mu buzima bwa buri munsi rigaragara cyane, kuko ribonwa n’abenegihugu muri rusange: ibintu by’akajagari mu gihe imipaka ifunze, gutuza kw’imijyi ifite imbaraga ubu yabuze abaturage bayo, inzobere mu buzima zatweretse ibihe bitoroshye biri imbere mu bitaro hamwe n’ibikoresho bya DIY bikingira abakozi, ibihe by’ubufatanye mu gihe abaturage bashimye abakozi bo ku ruhembe kuva ku mabaraza yabo kugeza mu nzu imbere. Kandi no mu minsi ya mbere icyorezo kigitangira, imbuga nkoranyambaga n’izindi mbuga byafashije abashinwa kwegeranya no gutangaza amakuru y’iyaduka ryacyo yagenzurwaga na guverinoma yabo.

Amashusho ya satelite hamwe n’andi makuru ashobora kudufasha kugaragaza ku buryo bw’amashusho no gukurikirana ingaruka za coronavirus.  Amashusho y’amakuru ya telefone ngendanwa atagaragaza abayatanze yerekanye ahantu kure cyane aho byagenze neza. Abashinzwe iby’indege hamwe n’amakuru y’abagenzi bashobora kandi kutwereka kugabanuka kw’imigendanire y’abantu ku ntera ya kure cyane. Amashyirahamwe y’abahanga yapimye kandi agaragaza kugabanuka kw’ibyuka bihumanya ikirere. Amashusho ya satelite hamwe n’ibikoresho byo gukurikirana ubwato byadufashije kwerekana umubare w’amato ya Koreya ya Ruguru – yigeze gukorera hirya no hino azenguruka u Bushinwa – yasubiye iwabo, n’ingaruka ibyo bishobora kugira ku bukungu bw’igihugu. Ibi n’ibindi bipimo byinshi hamwe n’amakuru bishobora kudufasha kumenya ibiri kuba muri iki gihe bikanatuma dushobora gusesengura byimazeyo imikorere ya politiki zitandukanye mu kurwanya ikwirakwira rya COVID-19. Kandi birashoboka, bitewe n’igihe, gusuzuma urwego rw’ihungabana rushobora kwihanganirwa mu guhangana n’ibibazo nk’icy’ihindagurika ry’ikirere. Ni nde wamenya niba iki cyorezo kitazuma abantu bavumbura udushya?

Eliot Higgins

Umuyobozi mukuru, Bellingcat

Higgins yatumye Bellingcat iba imwe mu masosiyete akomeye ku isi akora iperereza ku nkomoko rusange y’amakuru. Bigizwemo uruhare n’abantu bo mu bihugu 20, itsinda rye ryashyize ahagaragara abari ku isonga mu icuruzwa ry’ibiyobyabwenge  muri Mexico, ibyaha by’intambara byo muri Siriya, n’uko u Burusiya bwarashe indege MH17.

Ati “ikintu kimwe nabonye ni ukuntu abantu barushaho gushishikazwa no kugenzura ukuri ku nkomoko y’amakuru mu nkuru zijyanye na coronavirus kubera ubwinshi bw’ibirego babona biva ahantu hose, harimo itangazamakuru, abayobozi ba leta, n’inshuti zabo n’imiryango yabo. Gutanga ingero z’igenzura ryuzuye n’isuzuma ni byiza, ariko ushobora kandi kubishyiramo abagukurikira ukoresheje kugenda ubuzanamo buhoro buhoro. Ibyo mperutse gushyira kuri Twitter ubwo nagendaga ndeba amafoto amwe byarakunzwe cyane, ariko reka nerekane ibikoresho n’ubuhanga butandukanye ku bantu bashya, bamwe muri bo bagize uruhare mu kugenzura amashusho nk’uko twabikoraga. Benshi muri twe twagumijwe mu rugo.Uyu ni umwanya mwiza wo gutuma abantu bagira uruhare kuri anketi zacu mu buryo butandukanye binyuze kuri murandasi, kandi ntibibe gusa igihe twabisabwe cyangwa hari ibintu bikomeye. Gusa kora ku buryo ukurura abantu mu gafatanya nawe urugendo rw’icukumbura”.

Peter Klein

Uwashinze akaba n’Umuyobozi mukuru w’Ikigo gishinzwe gutanga amakuru

Klein yashinze ikigo kidaharanira inyungu cyitwa Global Reporting Centre muri kaminuza yitwa Kolumbiya yo mu Bwongereza agamije kuvugura uburyo itangazamakuru  rikorwamo ku isi. Ayoboye icukumbura ku nzira zinyuramo ibikoresho by’ubuvuzi  kuri iki cyorezo, ku bufatanye na PBS Frontline na Associated Press.

Ku isi yose, abakozi bashinzwe ubuzima, abayobozi ba leta,abagemura imiti n’abandi baharanira ko sosiyete zacu zikora neza bafata itangazamakuru nka“serivisi y’ingenzi”. Tugomba kumva uburemere bw’inshingano dufite maze tukabikora dushiritse ubute. Aya ni amahirwe yacu yo gukumira agatsiko gakwirakwiza “amakuru y’ibinyoma” yagiye atuma abantu badutakariza icyizere. Ntabwo itangazamakuru rishingiye ku bimenyetso ryigeze ryigaragaza, bityo rero nimushake ukuri, kandi mutekereze ku makuru muha rubanda.

Kimwe mu bibazo bikomeye byagaragajwe n’iki cyorezo ni uko urwego rw’ubuvuzi rutari rwiteguye iki kibazo. Kuki tutari twiteguye kandi impuguke nyinshi mu buzima rusange hari hashize igihe ziburiye abantu ko hari icyorezo kizibasira isi kandi kigahungabanya imikorere yayo yose? Ni bande bari kungukira mu bucuruzi bwo gutanga ibikenerwa mu buvuzi? Ni uruhe ruhare bafite mu gufasha cyangwa kubangamira ikwirakwizwa ry’ibikoresho bikenerwa mu buvuzi ? Ni uruhe ruhare rw’umutungo w’ubwenge mu nganda zigenda zibanda kuri IP? Ni ubuhe bwoko bw’ibikenerwa mu buvuzi butuma habaho imbogamizi mu kuboneka kwabyo igihe habaye impinduka zitunguranye?

Abagizi ba nabi baba barekereje ko haba akabazo muri sisitemu, kandi iki kibazo cyagaragaje rwose ko turi abanyantege nke. Gukenerwa kw’ibikoresho bikiza ubuzima bishobora kugora za leta no gutuma ruswa ikaza umurego mu bigo. Inama nagira abanyamakuru ku isi yose ni ugukurikiza raporo zabo zahise, ukareba munsi y’urutare rushaje. Niba hari abayobozi  bamunzwe na ruswa cyangwa ibigo bikora ubucuruzi byigeze kugira uruhare mu marorerwa, ubu noneho uruhare rwabo ni uruhe? Ikibazo nka COVID-19 gishobora gutuma ubusumbane mu bantu bwari busanzweho bwiyongera. Ibihugu bisakuza cyane kandi bikize bikunda kwitabwaho – ku bikoresho. Ni gute ibihugu bidafite imbaraga kandi bihangana n’iki kibazo, kandi abayobozi b’isi bari gukora iki kugira ngo bakemure ubwo busumbane ? Cyakora, ibihugu bikorerwamo ibikoresho by’ubuvuzi bishobora kugira akarusho k’uko ibikoresho bigenewe koherezwa mu mahanga, biri gukoreshwa mu gihugu imbere muri iki kibazo. Aha na ho hari ibyo umuntu yacukumburamo.

Jinkyung Byun

Umunyamakuru Ushinzwe Iperereza, SisaIN (Koreya y’epfo)

Byunakorana na SisaIN, ikinyamakuru gikomeye muri Koreya gisohoka rimwe mu cyumweru. Yabaye mu banyamakuru bayoboye abandi mu gukurikirana ikibazo cya coronavirus mu gihugu cye.

Ni gute kandi ni mpamvu ki ikwirakwira rya COVID-19 mu by’ukuri ari ibibazo bikomeye, kandi mu gihe COVID-19 ikwirakwira vuba abanyamakuru bakaguma gusa ku “buryo n’impamvu.” Abanyamakuru bakora iperereza bagomba kwibanda ku bibazo nyabyo aho gusesengura icyabiteye. Ni byo, abanyamakuru bakora iperereza ntabwo ari abahanuzi b’ibizaba cyangwa abapfumu, ariko tugomba gukomeza kwihatira kureba kure no gutangaza ibishobora kuba.

Ibyo wakifashisha mu gihe ureba imbere hazaza ni ibibazo ibindi bihugu byahuye nabyo  mu ikwirakwira rya virusi. Kuri twe, u Bushinwa ni cyo gihugu cyonyine cyayikwirakwirije cyane kimwe na Koreya y’Epfo. Ariko ingamba nyinshi u Bushinwa bwakoresheje – nko gufunga imijyi, gukumira ubwisanzure bw’itangazamakuru, no kubuza uburenganzira bwo kugenda – ntabwo ari zo zakoreshejwe na Koreya y’Epfo nk’igihugu gifite  demokarasi. Byari bigoye kandi kwizera ko amakuru kuri COVID-19 [mu Bushinwa] yari ukuri kandi agatangazwa mu bwisanzure. Nubwo bimeze bityo ariko, twashoboraga kubona amakuru ajyanye n’ibibazo u Bushinwa bwahuye na byo hagati mu nkuru z’ibyagezweho byiza zatangazwaga n’ibitangazamakuru bigenzurwa na leta. Natekereje ko Koreya y’Epfo ishobora guhura n’ibibazo nk’ibyo, nandika inkuru z’uburyo bwo kwitegura guhangana n’ingorane nk’izo. Mu gukwirakwira kw’iki cyorezo, naje kubona ko ubuzima bw’abantu butandukanye cyane n’igihugu, kandi ibibazo duhura na byo birasa cyane.

Iperereza rigomba kuba rikubiyemo isesengura rigereranya ingamba za buri gihugu kuri COVID-19. Ariko, ntibyoroshye kurikora. Ibihugu ntibihuza politiki, umuco ndetse n’ubukungu. Ibyo rero bishobora gutuma ingamba zimwe zafashwe mu guhugu kimwe zidatanga umusaruro umwe mu kindi gihugu na cyo cyazifashe. Mu gihe abanyamakuru baturuka mu gihugu runaka bashobora kuba basanzwe bazi ibijyanye n’iyo miterere, abanyamakuru baturutse mu bindi bihugu ntibashobora kubyumva kandi bashobora guca imanza zishingiye kuri raporo zishushanya gusa.

Abanyamakuru bakora inkuru zicukumbuye bafite amahirwe nyayo y’ubufatanye mpuzamahanga. SisaIN, ikinyamakuru nkorera, ni ishyirahamwe rito kandi twibanda cyane ku bibazo byo mu ngo. Muri iki cyorezo kiriho, twihutiye guhuza imiyoboro yacu isanzwe y’abanyamakuru bo mu mahanga – kimwe no kuganira n’inama z’abanyamakuru ndetse n’abo mu mahanga – kugira ngo dushake inkuru tunasaba umusanzu. Twakoresheje kandi ibinyamakuru mpuzamahanga by’ubuvuzi kandi twohereza ibibazo ku bahanga mu buzima rusange. Imbere y’icyorezo nka COVID-19, abanyamakuru bagomba kureba niba ubufatanye mpuzamahanga bukenewe muri za guverinoma, impuguke mu by’ubuvuzi, ndetse n’itangazamakuru: ni ukureba ubwoko bw’ubufatanye bukenewe, uburyo bwihariye bw’ubufatanye ndetse n’imikorere myiza. Abanyamakuru bakora inkuru zicukumbuye bafite abo baziranye mu mahanga bashobora kubifashisha.

Fabiola Torres

Uwashinze, Salud con Lupa

Torres ni umuyobozi n’uwashinze ikigo cya “Lima -based Salud con Lupa” (Ubuzima hamwe n’indorerwamo ibuzamura ), urubuga rwo kuri murandasi rw’itangazamakuru rikora ku bijyanye n’ubuzima rusange muri Amerika y’Epfo. Yashinze kandi urubuga rw’inkuru zicukumbuye ruzwi cyane nka Ojo Público.

Mu rwego rwo guhangana n’iki cyorezo, ibihugu byinshi byo muri Amerika y’Epfo byatangaje ibihe bidasanzwe. Ibyo  birimo ingamba nshya mu gukoresha amafaranga ya leta, gufunga imipaka, hamwe n’uburenganzira butandukanye bw’abaturage no kubuza abantu gutwara abantu, byose biganisha ku  gutuma abaturage baguma mu rugo babishaka batabishaka. Iki ni igihe kitoroshye, kigoye ku banyamakuru bakora inkuru zicukumbuye. Ndatekereza ko ubu, kuruta mbere hose, dushobora kwereka isi ko ubuzima rusange bugomba kwitabwaho cyane. Ubuzima rusange buri muri gahunda y’ibice byinshi bitandukanye bya sosiyete kandi bufitanye isano cyane n’ubukungu ndetse na politiki y’igihugu ndetse na mpuzamahanga. Ubuzima rusange bugomba kuba ingingo ihoraho yo kuganirwaho; niba dutekereza gusa ku buzima iyo turwaye cyangwa hari icyorezo, icyo gihe tuba twakererewe.

Mbere na mbere, mu gihe dukora amakuru ya buri munsi, tugomba guhora twibaza tuti “Ikintu cy’ingenzi nasobanurira abanteze amatwi nonaha ni ikihe?” Tugomba guhora tuzirikana ko itangazamakuru ari serivisi rusange, cyane cyane ku bantu batishoboye kurusha abandi ndetse n’abafite ibibazo bya politiki cyangwa byo guhohoterwa n’ibigo. Icya kabiri, tugomba kwibaza tuti “Ni iki cyarwanya iki cyorezo? Ninde wungukirwa muri iki kibazo mpuzamahanga?” Ibigo bikorerwamo ibya farumasi, amasosiyete akora ibijyanye n’ibinyabuzima, n’amasosiyete akora ibindi bikoresho byita ku buzima akenera kugenzurwa kuruta uko bisanzwe. Inshuro nyinshi, amategeko agenga ubucuruzi n’uburenganzira ku mutungo bwite mu by’ubwenge yagiye anyuranya n’inyungu rusange z’ubuzima rusange n’uburenganzira bwa muntu. Abanyamakuru bakora inkuru zicukumbuye na bo bakeneye kureba ingaruka z’iki cyorezo. Iyi virusi yatumye ubuzima buhagaraga ku isi. Ibi bihe bitera ubukene n’ubusumbane burenze uko byari bimeze mbere, ni ngombwa rero ko dukora icukumbura ku ngaruka ku z’iki cyorezo ku bukungu n’imibereho.

Iki cyorezo cyatweretse ko dukeneye ubufatanye bukomeye, itangazamakuru ricukumbura, ku ngingo nyinshi. Muri Salud Con Lupa, turimo gukorana n’abandi banyamakuru bo muri Amerika y’Epfo kugira ngo amakuru arusheho gutangwa mu mucyo no gusangira amakuru yagenzuwe gusa, ndetse no gukora ku mishinga yo gukora icukumbura  mu rwego rwo kurwanya ko hagira abitwaza ubutegetsi bagahohotera abandi.

Martha Mendoza

Umwanditsi ku rwego rw’igihugu w’ikinyamakuru The Associated Press 

Mendoza ukorera mu kibaya cya Silicon ni we wegukanye igihembo cya Pulitzer inshuro ebyiri, kubera inkuru zafashije kubohora abagabo 2000 bari mu bucakara mu nganda zo mu nyanja za muri Tayilande kandi zagaragaje ubwicanyi bw’intambara ya Koreya yabereye i No Gun Ri. 

Inama rusange naha abanyamakuru ni uguhuza imbaraga igihe bishoboka. Kugira abo mukorana  bya hafi muri iki gihe gikomeye bizamura urwego rw’akazi kawe kandi bikaba bishobora no gutuma utarambirwa bitewe n’uko uba ufite abo muganira buri munsi.

Kumvikanisha ijwi ry’abadafite amajwi birakomeye. Abimukira batagira aho baba, bafunzwe kandi bahejejwe inyuma bakeneye kugerwaho. Ku bijyanye n’ibikoresho, nakoresheje ImportGenius, Panjiva, USASpending, trac.syr.edu, MarineTraffic, PACER n’ibindi.

Niba ugiye kugenzura inzira ibintu binyuramo, koresha amakuru kandi wirinde gukabya. Reka udutekerezo tube udutekerezo gusa, yego udutekerezo, ariko ntugafate imyanzuro ushingiye ku bindi bitari imibare ifatika. Na none iyi ni inkuru y’isi yose, rwose rero garagaraza aho ibera, ariko komeza iyo miterere minini. Kandi nk’uko bisanzwe nshuti zanjye, mureke dutange « FOIAs »

Natalia Antelava

Umwanditsi mukuru wa Coda Story

Uwahoze ari umunyamakuru wa BBC, Antelava ni we washinze Coda Story, umuryango udaharanira inyungu ukora cyane mu bintu bitandukanye nk’intambara ku bumenyi, amakuru atari yo, ikibazo cya LGBTQ, no kwimuka.

Inama nagira abanyamakuru bakora inkuru zicukumbuye kuri coronavirus ni ukubifata nk’ayandi maperereza yose. Kurikirana amafaranga ariko utange inkuru ikwiye abantu. Kugoreka amakuru biteye ikibazo, bihindura sosiyete zacu. Kimwe n’ibindi bibazo byose coronavirus na yo igira abahohotewe n’ababikoze. Akazi kacu ni ukubashakisha. Ni iki kigomba gusuzumwa cyane? Ni izihe ngaruka akato kagira ku buzima bwacu bwo mu mutwe? Ni zihe ngaruka za COVID-19 ku buzima bwihariye bw’umuntu?

Ying Chan

Umwarimu w’icyubahiro muri kaminuza ya Hong Kong

Umunyamakuru n’umurezi, Ying Chan ni umuyobozi w’itangazamakuru washinze ikigo cy’itangazamakuru muri kaminuza ya Hong Kong. Yayoboye iperereza ryamamaye ku binyabuzima birimo kwangirika, gucuruza abantu, ndetse n’ibyaha byateguwe.

Reka ntangire mvuga ko abanyamakuru bakeneye gukurikiza umugani wa kera wo “gukurikira amafaranga.” Injira mu buryo bwimbitse kandi ukore iperereza ku ruhare rw’inyungu rusange n’inyungu zidasanzwe byihishe inyuma y’ubuzima n’imfu bitewe n’icyorezo. Nk’urugero, ni izihe nyungu rusange zihishe inyuma y’ibura ry’ibikoresho byo gupima n’ibindi bikenerwa mu buvuzi? Hariho ibipima ibizamini byinshi ku masoko, muri Amerika no ku isi yose.Ni ayahe masosiyete yigenga, ni bande bakora ibyo bipima bizamini ? Ni izihe mbogamizi mu gupima ibizamini ? Hariho kandi ikibazo cya masike. Dukeneye ikarita yuzuye yerekana uburyo bwo gutanga amasoko ku isi, uruhare rw’inyungu bwite, abahuza n’amasosiyete. Reuters yabikozeho inkuru nziza ndetse na The New York Times yatanze inkuru ku bicuruzwa biri mu Bushinwa. Ariko izi nkuru ntizari zuzuye.

Ku bijyanye n’ibikoresho byo kwikingira, ibitangazamakuru byo muri Amerika byatangaje amakuru ku ndege ya mbere y’ibicuruzwa byaturutse mu Bushinwa mu mpera za Werurwe. Nyuma mu kiganiro, umuyobozi wo muri Leta zunze ubumwe z’Amerika yavuze ko ibikoresho byoherejwe ku isoko ryigenga, kandi yemera ko “habaye imyitwarire idasanzwe.” Iyo myitwarire yaba ari yihe? Abanyamakuru bagiye bakurkiranira hafi uko ibintu byagiye bihinduka umunsi ku munsi. Tugomba gukora neza mu guhuza utudomo no kugenzura kunanirwa kugaragara kwa sisitemu.

Susan Comrie

Umunyamakuru ukora inkuru zicukumbuye, AmaBhungane (Afurika y’Epfo).

Comrie akorera ikigo kidaharanira inyungu gikora inkuru zicukumbuye cyitwa “amaBhungane” cyo muri Afurika y’Epfo. Yakomye imbarutso y’umushinga wa GuptaLeaks, agaragaza ruswa ikomeye muri Afurika y’Epfo mu myaka yashize, kandi yahembwe na sosiyete y’ubwishingizi ya Sanlam nk’umunyamakuru w’umwaka mu by’ubukungu muri Afurika. 

Amasoko yihutirwa atanga amahirwe menshi ku baryi ba ruswa, ku bashaka inyungu, akanatuma habaho ihohoterwa. Nakomeje rero gukurikirana amasezerano yihutirwa cyangwa kwagura amasezerano muri iki gihe. Muri Afurika y’Epfo, Ibiro by’Umuyobozi mukuru ushinzwe amasoko bitangaza kwagura amasezerano no gutandukana buri gihembwe (biboneka hano), ariko biracyafata igihe kinini mu kubona aya makuru kugira ngo ibiyavuyemo bibe byakoreshwa byihuse umuntu abone ibyo yishingikirizaho mu kwandika bivuye imbere.

Ikintu gitunguranye cyagaragaye ni uburyo amabwiriza yo kubungabunga ibidukikije yashyizwe ku ruhande kubera COVID-19. Urugaga rw’abanyamategeko Webber Wentzel, mu byumweru bibiri bishize, rwatangaje inyandiko igaragaza uburyo ibice bigize itegeko ry’igihugu rigena imicungire y’ibidukikije (NEMA) bihinduka mu gihe cy’ibihe byihutirwa, nk’ibi turimo ubu. Ku bijyanye rero n’ibibazo by’ibidukikije, nasuzuma ibyemejwe kubera COVID-19 ariko na none n’ibindi bibaho mu gihe abashinzwe kubahiriza amategeko bashishikajwe gusa n’icyorezo.

Syed Nazakat

Umwanditsi mukuru wa DataLEADS (u Buhinde) akaba na nyirayo

Nazakat akora gahunda yo gutangaza amakuru DataLEADS, itanga amahugurwa ikanayobora urubuga rwa mbere ruyobowe n’amakuru mu Buhinde rwahariwe gutangaza amakuru ku buzima. Nk’umunyamakuru muri The Week, yatsindiye igihembo cyo mu itangazamakuru mu Buhinde cyitwa “India’s prestigious Ramnath Goenka Excellence in Journalism Award”.

Abanyamakuru bari ku gitutu kinini cy’uko amakuru ya buri munsi agenda yisuka ubudacogora. Ariko urufunguzo ku banyamakuru bakora inkuru zicukumbuye ni ugukomeza umutima. Ntimukarangazwe n’ibikorwa bya buri munsi kimwe n’ibiganiro bigenewe abanyamakuru. Nimuperereze kandi mucukumbure cyane.

Hano hari amakuru menshi aboneka ubu. Ni ayahe makuru atubwira ku byerekeye ikibazo kiriho? Ni ubuhe butumwa rusange, inyandiko, amategeko ya leta yo kugura, na raporo y’ubugenzuzi ku itangwa ry’ibikoresho byo kwa muganga bitubwira? Haba hari ibibazo by’uburangare no kudakora? Itangazamakuru ricukumbura ritangirira ku kubaza ibibazo no gushaka abantu bashobora kubisubiza. Ku bijyanye n’ibikoresho, ngira ngo urufunguzo hano ni ukugenzura ibimenyetso byose wakiriye ukoresheje ibikoresho bitandukanye byo kugenzura kuri murandasi nka InVID, YouTube DataViewer, Yandex, CrowdTangle, gushakisha amashusho, hamwe n’ibikoresho byo kugenzura amajwi kugira ngo utahure ahari ukubeshya ndetse na virusi kuri murandasi. Buri gihe mujye mwibuka ko niba tudafite ibimenyetso, nta kuri dufite.

Imwe mu nkuru abanyamakuru bakeneye kwitondera cyane ni ubucuruzi puzamahanga bw’ibinyamaswa zo mu gasozi, bitewe n’uko COVID-19 yatewe na bwo, ndetse n’izindi ndwara nyinshi mu nyamaswa zororwa zatewe n’inyamaswa zo mu gasozi. Mu myaka yashize, ubucuruzi bw’inyamaswa nzima, ndetse bwemewe n’amategeko, bwariyongereye kandi nta shusho isobanutse dufite ku bunini bwabwo n’ingaruka zabwo ku buzima bwa muntu.

Musikilu Mojeed 

Umwanditsi mukuru wa “Nigeria’s Premium Times”

Umwe mu banyamakuru bakomeye bo muri Nijeriya bakora inkuru zicukumbuye, Mojeed yatangaje amakuru kuri ruswa, uburenganzira bwa muntu no gucuruza abantu. Mu byo akesha umwuga we harimo ibihembo bya ‘Global Shining Light Award’, ‘Wole Soyinka Investigative Reporting Awards’, hamwe na ‘Data Journalism Award’. 

Ndatekereza ko iki ari cyo gihe abanyamakuru bakurikirana imikoreshereze ya miliyari zasohotse mu bihugu byabo bitandukanye mu rwego rwo kurwanya icyorezo. Nk’urugero, muri Nijeriya, ihuriro ry’abikorera ryatanze hafi miliyari 15 z’amanayira akoreshwa muri Nijeriya (hafi miliyoni 39 z’amadolari ya Amerika) muri guverinoma ihuriweho na leta mu rwego rwo gushyigikira ingufu z’ubuyobozi mu kubaka ibigo by’akato bifite ibikoresho bihagije no kugura ibikoresho n’imiti ikenewe mu kurwanya iyi ndwara. Amafaranga menshi arimo gukusanywa no gukoreshwa, kandi birashoboka ko abayobozi bamwe bashobora gutegura umugambi wo kwikungahaza mu buryo butemewe.

Ndatekereza ko ibintu bisa mu bihugu byinshi. Abanyamakuru bagomba gukomeza gukurikirana amafaranga yakoreshejwe n’uburyo bwo gutanga amasoko n’abayobozi. Hariho ikintu cy’uko abayobozi baba bashaka gucunga nabi cyangwa kwiba bivuye inyuma amafaranga ya leta mu gihe  habonetse ibintu byihutirwa nk’ibyatejwe na coronavirus. Ibihugu bimwe na bimwe bisuka amafaranga mu bushakashatsi no mu mavuriro. Byaba byiza ukurikiranye ibyakoreshejwe hagamijwe kumenya akayabo k’amafaranga isi ikura muri ayo mafaranga yakoreshejwe. Abanyamakuru bagomba kugaragaza ko icyorezo kitakungahaje abarimu b’abanebwe babonye inkunga y’ubushakashatsi ariko ntibagire icyo bageraho.

Abanyamakuru bagomba kandi kwita ku ihohoterwa ry’uburenganzira bwa muntu rikorwa muri iki gihe ku isi. Hariho za guma mu rugo mu bihugu byinshi kandi abayobozi bahamagariye abapolisi, igisirikare, ndetse n’izindi nzego zishinzwe umutekano gushyira mu bikorwa politiki yo kuguma mu rugo. Hari amakuru avuga ko inzego z’umutekano mu bihugu bimwe na bimwe zigenda ziyongera cyane, kandi zihutaza uburenganzira bw’abaturage. Abanyamakuru bafite inshingano zo kwandika kuri iryo hohoterwa.

Rawan Damen

Umuyobozi mukuru wa, Arab Reporters for Investigative Journalism(Umuryango w’abanyamakuru b’Abarabu bakora itangazamakuru ricukumbura)

Damen ukomoka muri Amman ayoboye ARIJ, ikigo cya mbere kidaharanira inyungu gitangaza amakuru acukumbuye. Amaze imyaka makumyabiri akora nk’umuntu utuganya filime, akora kandi ayobora amasaha arenga 30 ya filime mbarankuru kuri “Ihuzanzira rya Al Jazeera n’ibindi bitangazamakuru.

Iyi ni yo nkuru nini muri 2020 kandi birashoboka ko izaba ku isonga mu myaka myinshi iri imbere. Iyi ntabwo ari inkuru y’ubuzima cyangwa siyanse gusa; iyi ni inkuru mbonezamubano-politiki-ubukungu, iyi ni uburenganzira bwa muntu, ubwoko, ni inkuru y’umuco. Inama yanjye ya mbere ni ukwiyumvisha neza ko uriho kugira ngo utangaze inkuru kandi “ntukabe inkuru” ushyira ubuzima bwawe mu kaga. Hano hakenewe cyane kumenya icyo amakuru ari cyo, kuko inkuru zerekeye COVID-19 zihari kandi zizakoreshwa cyane. Hariho kandi amahirwe meza y’ubufatanye ndengamipaka kuko abanyamakuru bose bakurikirana inkuru imwe, kandi benshi ntibashobora kuva mu bihugu byabo. Mu gihe kimwe, ni ngombwa kwibaza icyatuma inkuru yawe iba inkuru idasanzwe. Ni ibintu kandi byihuta cyane, bihinduka byihuse, ku buryo dushobora gukenera iperereza ryihuse mu gihe gito cy’umusaruro, nk’uko dukeneye iperereza gakondo ry’igihe kirekire hamwe mu buzima burebure.

Ku bakora iperereza bari mu rugo, badashobora kugera ahari amakuru, ntimutubwire ibyo abahanga bazi, mutubwire uko abahanga babizi. Ntimukurikirane urugero rwiza rwatanzwe gusa, ahubwo munakurikirane icyatumye rubaho; ntimwibande ku mibare gusa, ahubwo murebe n’uburyo yabonetsemo. Sesengura witonze ibyo abashinzwe ubuzima n’abanyapolitiki bavuga ko bazakora kandi ubabaze uko babikoze. Ni ngombwa kumenyera gukoresha terefone n’ibikoresho bya digitale nka “Signal”, “Jitsi” cyangwa “Zoom” kugira ngo uvugane n’abaguha amakuru. Iki ni cyo gihe cyo kubaka umubano n’abaguha amakuru bashya no kugira aho ukura amakuru henshi hashoboka. Hanyuma, witondere kuba watesha agaciro abanduye cyangwa kuvangura amoko mu nkuru yawe.