Coronavirus May Spell the End for Many of Africa’s Print Newspapers

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The coronavirus story is big. From the perspective of news, the outbreak of the virus is one of the biggest stories in modern history. The virus has ravaged the world, infected millions, and killed tens of thousands of people. It has divided opinions and, in pursuit of strategy, it has pitted politicians against each other.

For news organizations, the virus has sparked unprecedented interest and demand for news. Yet, it might also put the nail in the coffin of the already struggling newspaper industry worldwide. Health experts warn the elderly, those with underlying health conditions, and those with weak immune systems are susceptible to catching the virus. With the dwindling immune system of newspapers, it goes without saying that newspapers may not survive the wrath of the virus.

How much has coronavirus affected newspapers in Africa? A lot. With most African countries under lockdown, shelter in place recommendations, curfews, and state of emergencies, the daily and weekly production patterns of newspapers have been disrupted. Fewer and fewer newspapers are published during this time of crisis. This can only mean that with people unable to get out of their homes to buy newspapers, and with advertising revenue falling precipitously, the newspaper industry on the continent is staring death in the face.

I have prepared a few thoughts and predictions. They are based on my personal interactions with media workers, editors, and advertising executives from my home country Botswana, as well as from Zimbabwe, Cameroon, South Africa, Namibia, Malawi, Uganda, Tanzania, Kenya, and Nigeria. And yes, I could be wrong. Again, this is not an academic analysis.

• Post-COVID-19 major independent news organizations in big economies like South Africa, Kenya, and Nigeria will be hard hit. Depending on how long the crisis persists and also on individual cases, newspapers are going to lose between 15% and 55% in advertisement revenue in 2020. It could get worse.
• Newspapers are going to be forced to retrench staff. The continent’s major newspaper organizations, such as Media24 in South Africa and Nation Media in Kenya, will not be spared. In January Nation Media retrenched staff across editorial, operations, marketing, and digital departments to cut costs. It now looks like the media giant will once again be forced to retrench more staff.

• Interestingly, major independent newspapers in Nigeria have vibrant online operations. Some generate more revenue online than offline. Newspapers like The Punch, The Guardian, and Vanguard are seeing more traffic and increased online revenue. For example, The Punch’s traffic increased from 17.7 million visits in February to 28.8 million in March. This represents a growth of 62.3%. Be that as it may, it is possible that Nigerian newspapers may also be forced to retrench about 10% of staff.

• In smaller or struggling economies, the longer the virus persists, the more likely it is that newspapers will close down. Already in countries like Zimbabwe and Botswana newspapers have suspended print editions. Newspapers such as The Botswana Gazette, The Patriot on Sunday, and Newsday in Botswana and Zimbabwe respectively are circulating PDF copies online. Others, such as The Voice in Botswana, have switched to Pressreader, a digital newspaper distribution platform.

• Local or community newspapers will close shop. Uganda’s New Vision recently suspended the production of four regional papers that publish in local languages. Smaller newspapers will struggle to reestablish operations post-virus. That will be a huge blow to local news at a time it is needed the most.

• Post-coronavirus, eyeballs will remain online. Most people are spending time indoors glued to television sets, computer screens, and mobile devices. News site analytics of African outlets show that the number of people visiting news websites has increased. News24 traffic increased from 18.2 million in February to 32.23 million (an increase of 66%) in March when South Africa went into full lockdown. The demand for fresh news now means more people are also on social media than ever before. Migrating readers back to the offline media will be a difficult undertaking for some newspapers.
• Nonprofit journalism is not popular in Africa, at least in recent years. There are less than 50 serious nonprofit news outlets in Africa. The crisis might change this. Some newspapers might consider nonprofit models to save their publications. But philanthropists will be hard to find.

Rescuing an Ailing Industry

Now the question is what should be done? In my view industry leaders are faced with tough choices in the coming months. First, they can let newspapers die a natural death. Second, they can save journalism through online platforms and innovation. Third, they can lobby their governments for bailouts and financial support.

1. Let the newspapers die

In the past few days, I have asked my journalist and editor friends this question: is it the right time to let newspapers die? Not a single person I talked to would entertain the idea of letting newspapers die. That is understandable. Most of them are newspaper journalists and editors. For many, life without newspapers is unimaginable. Newspapers, they say, offer what other mediums cannot. In most African countries, newspapers are at the forefront of accountability journalism, more so than TV and Radio. This is true. Well, to a certain extent. What these reporters are not willing to admit is that fewer and fewer people are reading newspapers, that readers and advertisers are deserting print in record numbers, and that the internet is killing newspapers. Sadly, there is no strategy on the horizon to save print from collapse. Post-coronavirus we should let newspapers die a slow and painful death and move on to other platforms. Time to move on guys, the party is over.

2. Save journalism through innovation

While newspapers die a slow and painful death in their little corners, efforts should be made to save journalism. Democracy cannot function without journalism acting as a watchdog. Society, as some say, is getting tired of newspapers but remains very much interested in journalism. To sustain post-coronavirus journalism, African media houses should invest energy in transitioning from print to online publishing. Elsewhere around the world, some newspapers are already publishing online and reaping the rewards of a well-thought-out strategy.

Some of the journalists I talked to are skeptical about this suggestion. They still think that print can be magically saved. They argue that with about 30% of Africans without access to the internet, online publishing will exclude those without access. They make a point that rural Africa is still struggling with issues of broadband, and so sees expensive data and electricity costs. They also argue, and rightly so, that it is almost impossible to make money online. But my problem with this thinking is that the number of people with access to the internet on the continent is not static. For example, in 2010, about 10% of the population had access to the internet. A decade later the number has tripled. Assuming this is the trend (and it is the trend) more Africans will have access to the internet in 2030 than those without access. So, newspaper industry leaders should peek into the future and find ways to save journalism through innovation and creativity.

3. Lobby for bailouts and financial support

Some newspaper workers are already suggesting governments should intervene and bailout struggling newspapers post-COVID-19. Some are already pointing to the Canadian government’s 2019 bailout of local media outlets. The $595 million Canadian dollar bailout (about $420 million) was used to subsidize staff salaries and support nonprofit organizations.

I am skeptical about government bailout plans for African media outlets. Perceptions of bias become stronger when governments start using subsidies to rescue media houses. Those considered friendly are likely to enjoy greater benefit at the expense of the most critical ones. Also, a bailout from the government, in particular the executive, has a direct bearing on the independence of the media and threatens press freedom and free speech. Experts also argue that funding journalists with public funds and turning every journalist into quasi-public servants risks undermining innovation and creativity. I am not saying this cannot be done, but the support should come only when there are clear statutory safeguards against interference. But again, why should the government pump taxpayers money into a failing model?

Here is my suggestion. Post-COVID-19, media outlets, particularly newspapers, should look for a more sustainable indirect public funding option. Indirect? What does this mean? Support from the government should be in the form of tax breaks, such as exemption from Value Added Tax. Newspapers should also push for reduced tariffs for internet, telecommunications, electricity, water, and paper. Another indirect public funding option is for governments to shutdown commercial aspects of state-owned media and allow independent newspapers to compete among themselves and not with state-controlled papers. Why should the Times of Zambia — a well-funded state propaganda tool — compete for advertisement with Diggers, an independent newspaper? It doesn’t make sense. Will these proposals be enough to save the newspaper industry? I doubt it. But they can buy time and slow the inevitable death.

Conclusion

I am not a prophet of doom, but the truth is the prognosis is not looking good. Newspapers are on financial ventilators. Even before the coronavirus outbreak, the writing was already on the wall. Newspapers were bleeding money. The traditional business model was collapsing. The virus is only expediting the inevitable death. Indeed, not all newspapers will kick the bucket but I predict most will cease to exist in printed form, and some will disappear from the face of the earth. It’s a given. The saving grace is innovation and creativity — but they are in short supply.

This story was originally published by the INK Centre for Investigative Journalism, a GIJN member based in Botswana, and is reproduced here with permission.

Ntibinyane Ntibinyane is a journalist from Botswana. A career reporter with over a decade of experience, he has worked at the Botswana Guardian, The Midweek Sun, as the editor of the Mmegi newspaper. In 2015, he founded the nonprofit INK Center for Investigative Journalism, a GIJN member organization.