{"id":554202,"date":"2021-10-15T13:35:05","date_gmt":"2021-10-15T17:35:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/gijn.org\/?p=554202"},"modified":"2024-01-24T05:53:59","modified_gmt":"2024-01-24T10:53:59","slug":"tarihi-eser-kacakciligini-arastirmak","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/gijn.org\/tr\/hikayeler\/tarihi-eser-kacakciligini-arastirmak\/","title":{"rendered":"Tarihi Eser Ka\u00e7ak\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 Ara\u015ft\u0131rmak!"},"content":{"rendered":"

Edit\u00f6r\u00fcn Notu: \u00d6n\u00fcm\u00fczdeki birka\u00e7 hafta boyunca, GIJN, Kas\u0131m ay\u0131nda\u00a0K\u00fcresel Ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131 Gazetecilik Konferans\u0131\u2019nda<\/a>\u00a0tam olarak piyasaya s\u00fcr\u00fclecek olan Organize Su\u00e7lar\u0131 Ara\u015ft\u0131rmaya Y\u00f6nelik Muhabirler K\u0131lavuzumuzdan al\u0131nan bir dizi yay\u0131nl\u0131yor\u00a0. Yasad\u0131\u015f\u0131 eski eser ka\u00e7ak\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131na odaklanan bu b\u00f6l\u00fcm,\u00a0Maastricht \u00dcniversitesi Ceza Hukuku ve Kriminoloji B\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnde do\u00e7ent ve\u00a0Ka\u00e7ak\u00e7\u0131l\u0131k K\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc Projesi<\/a>\u00a0\u00fcyesi\u00a0Donna Yates\u00a0<\/a>taraf\u0131ndan yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u00a0.<\/em><\/p>\n

Eski eserlerin yasad\u0131\u015f\u0131 ticareti yani k\u00fclt\u00fcrel miras alanlar\u0131ndaki h\u0131rs\u0131zl\u0131klar genellikle bir organize su\u00e7 a\u011f\u0131yla y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclen k\u00fcresel sanat pazar\u0131n\u0131n se\u00e7kin d\u00fcnyas\u0131na kadar ba\u011flayan bir t\u00fcr ulus\u00f6tesi su\u00e7tur. Antik ge\u00e7mi\u015fin kal\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n g\u00fczelli\u011fi ve sosyal \u00f6nemi nedeniyle, Kuzey Amerika, Avrupa ve Asya pazarlar\u0131nda eski eserler i\u00e7in g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir talep var. Bu pazarlar k\u00fclt\u00fcrel nesnelerin d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck gelirli \u00fclkelerden eski s\u00f6m\u00fcrgeci g\u00fc\u00e7lere ta\u015f\u0131nmas\u0131na ve ortak miras\u0131n \u00f6zel bir meta olarak yeniden tan\u0131mlanmas\u0131na ilham veriyor. Buna kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k bir\u00e7ok antik eser zengini \u00fclke, k\u00fclt\u00fcrel miras\u0131n kamu yarar\u0131na korunabilmesi i\u00e7in eski eserlerin kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 ve pazarlanmas\u0131n\u0131 su\u00e7 haline getirdi. Ancak talep arza neden oluyor, yeni ke\u015ffedilen eski eserlere y\u00f6nelik y\u00fcksek talep ve bunlar\u0131 elde etmek i\u00e7in yasal yollar\u0131n olmamas\u0131, cezai tedarik hatlar\u0131n\u0131n geli\u015fmesine neden oldu.\u00a0Antik eserlere y\u00f6nelik s\u00fcren ka\u00e7ak ticaretinin de\u011ferine bir fiyat bi\u00e7mek m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fil.\u00a0\u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc ger\u00e7ek toplumsal zararlar ortak miras\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n yok edilmesinden kaynaklanan k\u00fclt\u00fcr ve kimlik kayb\u0131yla ilgilidir.<\/p>\n

Organize Su\u00e7lar\u0131n S\u0131zd\u0131\u011f\u0131 Gri Bir Pazar<\/strong><\/h4>\n

Ka\u00e7ak\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 yap\u0131lan antikalar i\u00e7in nihai pazar halka a\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131r. Antika al\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131 \u00f6zel koleksiyonculard\u0131r genellikle hat\u0131r\u0131 say\u0131l\u0131r sosyal stat\u00fcye sahip bireyler olabilir veya sayg\u0131n k\u00fclt\u00fcr kurumlar\u0131m\u0131z ve m\u00fczelerimiz de olabilir al\u0131c\u0131lar. \u00d6rne\u011fin, yasad\u0131\u015f\u0131 uyu\u015fturucu veya silah t\u00fcketicilerinin aksine antika al\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131 yasal bir sorun ya\u015famadan sat\u0131n ald\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 rahatl\u0131kla kullanabilirler. Eski eserler sergilenmek i\u00e7in sat\u0131n al\u0131n\u0131r. Bu nedenle bu pazara tedarik sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in geli\u015fen su\u00e7 \u015febekeleri, eski eserleri aklamak, onlardan h\u0131rs\u0131zl\u0131k lekesini temizlemek, su\u00e7 kan\u0131tlar\u0131n\u0131 gizlemek i\u00e7in \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rlar.\u00a0Aksi takdirde d\u00fcr\u00fcst al\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131 yakalayamazlar.<\/a>\u00a0Yoksa\u00a0gri alana<\/a>\u00a0girmelerine neden olurlar.<\/p>\n

Sanat piyasas\u0131 se\u00e7kinleri ile organize su\u00e7 aras\u0131ndaki do\u011frudan ba\u011flant\u0131 halk\u0131 \u015fa\u015f\u0131rtabilir.\u00a0M\u00fczeler, m\u00fczayede evleri ve beyaz yakal\u0131 sanat koleksiyoncular\u0131 sayg\u0131n olarak g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcyor ve bunlar\u0131n organize su\u00e7 a\u011flar\u0131yla ba\u011flant\u0131lar\u0131 da kolektif k\u00fclt\u00fcrel miras\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n y\u0131k\u0131c\u0131 bir \u015fekilde ya\u011fmalanmas\u0131 da endi\u015fe verici.\u00a0Antik eser ka\u00e7ak\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131na ili\u015fkin ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131n baz\u0131lar\u0131na \u00f6rnek vermek gerekirse\u00a0Sotheby\u2019s m\u00fczayede evi ile do\u011frudan Kambo\u00e7ya tap\u0131naklar\u0131n\u0131n ya\u011fmalanmas\u0131<\/a>, \u00a0G\u00fcney Irak\u2019tan binlerce eserin ya\u011fmaland\u0131\u011f\u0131 (yak\u0131n zamanda geri d\u00f6nd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc)<\/a>\u00a0ABD zanaat ma\u011fazas\u0131 Hobby Lobby\u2019nin sahipleri ve\u00a0Getty M\u00fczesi\u00a0<\/a>gibi kurumlara\u00a0Yunan ve \u0130talyan<\/a>\u00a0mezarlar\u0131n\u0131n y\u0131k\u0131lmas\u0131. Bunlar, k\u00fcresel e\u015fitsizliklerin nas\u0131l istismar edildi\u011fini ortaya koyan ilgi \u00e7ekici hikayeler.<\/p>\n

Eski eser ka\u00e7ak\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131na bir de\u011fer bi\u00e7menin anlam\u0131 yok, di\u011fer yasad\u0131\u015f\u0131 ka\u00e7ak\u00e7\u0131l\u0131k ve sat\u0131\u015f i\u015flemleriyle k\u0131yaslamak m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi, anlaml\u0131 da de\u011fildir. Bu noktadaki haberler \u00f6zellikle c\u0131l\u0131z oluyor ve kimin belirledi\u011fi net olmayan bir maliyet tahmini yap\u0131l\u0131yor. Uzmanlar, t\u00fcm bu rakamlar\u0131n yanl\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu konusunda hemfikir. \u201cEski eserler, uyu\u015fturucu ve silahtan sonra en b\u00fcy\u00fck su\u00e7 pazar\u0131n\u0131 temsil ediyor\u201d gibi yanl\u0131\u015f beyanlar\u0131n kayna\u011f\u0131 olarak s\u0131kl\u0131kla FBI ve Interpol g\u00f6steriliyor. Ancak bu iddia yalanland\u0131. Antik eserlerin yasad\u0131\u015f\u0131 ticaretiyle ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131 ger\u00e7ek sosyal zararlar, ortak miras\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n yok edilmesinden kaynaklanan k\u00fclt\u00fcr ve kimlik kayb\u0131yla ilgilidir.<\/p>\n

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\"Mugshots

Louvre \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan\u0131 Vincenzo Perruggia\u2019n\u0131n 1911\u2019de Mona Lisa\u2019y\u0131 k\u0131sa s\u00fcreli soygunu gibi; sanat su\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7o\u011fu Hollywood filmlerinde tasvir edilen \u201csipari\u015f \u00fczerine \u00e7al\u0131nan\u201d profesyonel soygunlara benzemez. Resim: Shutterstock<\/p><\/div>

<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n

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Sanat H\u0131rs\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131: Filmlerdeki Gibi De\u011fil<\/strong><\/p>\n

Eski eser ka\u00e7ak\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n aksine kurumlardan sanat h\u0131rs\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131 daha nadir olur ve daha risklidir ayr\u0131ca daha az k\u00e2rl\u0131d\u0131r. Antik eser ka\u00e7ak\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda arkeolojik alanlarda binlerce y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131 toprakta ge\u00e7irmi\u015f olan \u201c\u00e7al\u0131nm\u0131\u015f mallar\u0131n\u201d anonim ve belgesiz do\u011fas\u0131 su\u00e7 eylemlerine kar\u015f\u0131 korunmakta. Buna kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k, m\u00fczelerden, galerilerden ve \u00f6zel konutlardan h\u0131rs\u0131zl\u0131k nadiren Hollywood benzeri h\u0131rs\u0131zl\u0131klar gibidir. B\u00fcy\u00fck bir m\u00fcze h\u0131rs\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ard\u0131ndan sanat eserlerinin \u201cprofesyonel sanat h\u0131rs\u0131zlar\u0131\u201d taraf\u0131ndan \u201csipari\u015f \u00fczerine \u00e7al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131\u201d y\u00f6n\u00fcnde spek\u00fclasyon yapmak bir medya mizah\u0131 haline geldi. Bununla birlikte hemen hemen her b\u00fcy\u00fck vakada h\u0131rs\u0131zlar\u0131n iyi belgelenmi\u015f \u00e7al\u0131nt\u0131 sanat eserleri i\u00e7in bir pazar olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 bilmeleri ger\u00e7e\u011fi durumu s\u0131radan hale getirdi\u011fi gibi, f\u0131rsat\u00e7\u0131l\u0131k da yaratmakta. \u00c7al\u0131nan bir\u00e7ok sanat eseri sonunda\u00a0\u00e7\u00f6p kutusuna at\u0131ld\u0131<\/a>\u00a0.Yak\u0131ld\u0131<\/a>,\u00a0yok edildi<\/a>\u00a0hatta\u00a0\u00e7al\u0131nd\u0131klar\u0131\u00a0m\u00fczeye\u00a0isimsiz\u00a0olarak\u00a0geri d\u00f6nd\u00fcler<\/a>. Baz\u0131 sanat h\u0131rs\u0131zl\u0131klar\u0131 organize su\u00e7 \u00f6rg\u00fctleriyle ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131 ancak sanat h\u0131rs\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n organize su\u00e7un b\u00fcy\u00fck veya k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc oldu\u011fu ele\u015ftirilebilir. Bu nedenle, eski eser ka\u00e7ak\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 bu b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn odak noktas\u0131 olacak.\u00a0Bununla birlikte eski eser ka\u00e7ak\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00f6nerilen kaynaklar\u0131n \u00e7o\u011fu, sanat h\u0131rs\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131 davalar\u0131 i\u00e7in de faydal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Kaynaklar<\/strong><\/h4>\n

Ya\u011fmalanan ve ticareti yap\u0131lan antikalar\u0131n k\u00f6kenleri, m\u00fclkiyet tarihleri ve pazara giri\u015f yollar\u0131yla ilgili kaynak ayr\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00f6yleniyor. O halde, kaynak ara\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131, geni\u015f ve \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclemeyen \u00e7e\u015fitli kaynaklardan yararlanarak, par\u00e7al\u0131 belgelerden nesne tarihlerini ara\u015ft\u0131rmak ve yeniden yap\u0131land\u0131rmak i\u00e7in bir sanat d\u00fcnyas\u0131 terimidir. Bu alandaki ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131 gazetecilik, kaynak ara\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131 ile yak\u0131ndan ili\u015fkilidir; ticareti yap\u0131lan nesneler hakk\u0131nda yazmak, bu su\u00e7lar\u0131n hikayesini ortaya \u00e7\u0131karmakla e\u015fde\u011ferdir. Her eski eser ka\u00e7ak\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 soru\u015fturmas\u0131n\u0131n kendine \u00f6zg\u00fc \u00f6zellikleri ve kullan\u0131lan kesin kaynaklar\u0131 s\u00f6z konusu co\u011frafi b\u00f6lgeye ve davan\u0131n ayr\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 olmakla birlikte, hemen hemen hepsi baz\u0131 farkl\u0131 kaynak t\u00fcrlerinden yararlanacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\u0130lk olarak bilmek gerekir ki bu ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131n merkezindeki nesneler, eski eserler ve sanat eserleri kendi ba\u015flar\u0131na karma\u015f\u0131kt\u0131r.\u00a0Eski eserlerin ya\u011fmalanmas\u0131, ticareti ve sat\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n ba\u011flam\u0131n\u0131 veya bu su\u00e7lar\u0131n toplumsal sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 ve eski eserlerin kendisini anlamadan anlamak imkans\u0131zd\u0131r.\u00a0Akademisyenler bu alanda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan gazeteciler i\u00e7in \u00f6nemli bilgi kaynaklar\u0131d\u0131r.\u00a0Yararl\u0131 veri kaynaklar\u0131na i\u015faret edebilir \u00e7\u0131kmaz sokaklarda bo\u015fa harcanan zaman\u0131 \u00f6nleyebilir ve bir ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131y\u0131 eski eserlerin yasad\u0131\u015f\u0131 ticareti hakk\u0131nda daha geni\u015f bir bilgi a\u011f\u0131na ba\u011flayabilirler.<\/p>\n

Bir\u00e7ok \u00fclkede, eski eserler ve sanat su\u00e7u ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131nda uzmanla\u015fm\u0131\u015f ilgili bakanl\u0131klar b\u00fcnyesinde \u00f6zel veya yar\u0131 \u00f6zel polis, g\u00fcmr\u00fck sorumlusu, s\u0131n\u0131r g\u00fcvenlik g\u00f6revlileri veya g\u00f6revli g\u00fc\u00e7ler bulunmakta Bu ofisler\/birimler ve bunlar\u0131n i\u00e7indeki ki\u015filer, finansman ve personel eksikli\u011fi nedeniyle eri\u015fimleri genellikle engellenmi\u015f olsa da bu alanda \u00f6nemli deneyime sahiptirler. Herhangi bir \u00fclkedeki \u00f6zel antikalar\u0131n ve sanat su\u00e7u birimlerinin ayr\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131 genellikle \u0130nternet aramalar\u0131yla bulunabilir. Interpol\u2019\u00fcn\u00a0sanat ve antikalarla ilgili su\u00e7lara odaklanan k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir birimi<\/a>\u00a0olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen \u015funu belirtmekte fayda\u00a0var bu birimin rol\u00fc genellikle yanl\u0131\u015f anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131r. Interpol su\u00e7lar\u0131 soru\u015fturmaz veya polis operasyonlar\u0131 yapmaz; daha ziyade \u00e7al\u0131nt\u0131 sanat veri taban\u0131n\u0131 korumakla g\u00f6revlidir ve d\u00fcnya \u00e7ap\u0131ndaki polis g\u00fc\u00e7leri aras\u0131ndaki ileti\u015fimi kolayla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131r. Ancak bu \u015fekilde, belirli bir \u00fclkede uzmanla\u015fm\u0131\u015f polis ba\u011flant\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n bulunmas\u0131na yard\u0131mc\u0131 olabilirler.<\/p>\n

K\u00fclt\u00fcrel miras\u0131n korunmas\u0131nda uzmanla\u015fan STK\u2019lar \u00f6zellikle davan\u0131n karma\u015f\u0131k bir yasal veya politik bile\u015feninin oldu\u011fu durumlarda veya yerinde raporlaman\u0131n zor veya g\u00fcvensiz oldu\u011fu durumlarda gazetecilere de yard\u0131mc\u0131 olabilirler \u0130lk olarak\u00a0 \u00f6rne\u011fin\u00a0Antik Eserler Koalisyonu<\/a>\u00a0politika ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131na sponsorluk yap\u0131yor ve \u00f6zellikle ABD politikas\u0131na odaklanarak d\u00fcnya \u00e7ap\u0131nda eski eser ka\u00e7ak\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nlenmesine y\u00f6nelik lobi faaliyetleri y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fcyor. \u0130kinci durumda \u0130spanya merkezli\u00a0Bar\u0131\u015f i\u00e7in Miras<\/a>\u00a0eski eser su\u00e7lar\u0131na odaklanan ba\u015fta Bat\u0131 Asya\u2019da olmak \u00fczere \u00e7ok say\u0131da yerinde veri toplama projesine sponsorluk yapmaktad\u0131r.\u00a0\u00dclkeye ve b\u00f6lgeye \u00f6zg\u00fc miras STK\u2019lar\u0131, ulus\u00f6tesi antika ka\u00e7ak\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 vakalar\u0131n\u0131 di\u011fer bir\u00e7ok kayna\u011f\u0131n yapamayaca\u011f\u0131 \u015fekilde ba\u011flamsalla\u015ft\u0131rabilir ve genellikle gazetecilerle \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya isteklidirler.<\/p>\n

Herhangi bir eser ka\u00e7ak\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 vakas\u0131 hakk\u0131nda en iyi bilgi kaynaklar\u0131 tahmin edilebilece\u011fi gibi konuyla ilgili payda\u015flar.\u00a0Onlarla yap\u0131lacak g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmeler ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131 ilerletebilir, \u00f6zel belgelere eri\u015fim sa\u011flayacakt\u0131r. Payda\u015flar kabaca d\u00f6rt gruba ayr\u0131labilir:<\/p>\n

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  1. Miras alanlar\u0131n\u0131n yak\u0131n\u0131nda ya\u015fayanlar yerel arkeologlar ve miras uzmanlar\u0131, polis, k\u00fclt\u00fcr bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 personeli ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrel nesneleri ya\u011fmalayan veya \u00e7alan ki\u015filer de dahil olmak \u00fczere eski eserlerin \u00e7al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00fclkelerdeki ve topluluklardaki \u201ckaynak\u201d payda\u015flar\u0131.<\/li>\n
  2. Nakliye \u015firketleri, g\u00fcmr\u00fck acenteleri, arac\u0131lar ve eski eser komisyoncular\u0131 da dahil olmak \u00fczere yasad\u0131\u015f\u0131 antikalar\u0131n ta\u015f\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131 yollar yani \u201ctransit\u201d payda\u015flar\u0131.<\/li>\n
  3. M\u00fczayede evi \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131, sanat galerisi \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131 ve bayileri, m\u00fcze \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131 ve sanat koleksiyoncular\u0131 dahil olmak \u00fczere eski eserlerin t\u00fcketildi\u011fi \u201cpazar\u201d payda\u015flar\u0131.\u00a0Not: Bu insanlar genellikle gazeteciler ve ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131larla konu\u015fmaya isteksizdir.<\/li>\n
  4. Sanat restorat\u00f6rleri, konservat\u00f6rler ve de\u011ferlendirme uzmanlar\u0131 dahil olmak \u00fczere k\u00fclt\u00fcrel nesnelerin ticaretini dolayl\u0131 olarak desteklemek i\u00e7in hareket eden \u201ckolayla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131c\u0131lar\u201d, kan\u0131tlanmam\u0131\u015f nesnelerin kimli\u011fini do\u011frulayan bilimsel laboratuvarlar\u00a0ve belgesiz nesnelerle u\u011fra\u015fan akademisyenler.\u00a0Kolayla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131c\u0131lar genellikle k\u00fclt\u00fcrel nesnelerin yasa d\u0131\u015f\u0131 ticareti hakk\u0131nda \u00f6nemli bilgilere sahiptirler ancak ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar nadiren ileti\u015fime ge\u00e7erler.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    Belgeler ve Veriler<\/strong><\/h4>\n

    Gazetecilerin ayr\u0131ca m\u00fczayede kataloglar\u0131 (\u00e7evrim i\u00e7i ve belirli halk k\u00fct\u00fcphanelerinde mevcut), bayilik kay\u0131tlar\u0131 (s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131, ancak baz\u0131 tarihi bayilik kay\u0131tlar\u0131 kamu ar\u015fivlerinde tutulmaktad\u0131r), m\u00fcze kay\u0131tlar\u0131 (baz\u0131lar\u0131 halka a\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131r ve \u00e7evrim i\u00e7i olarak mevcuttur) gibi sanat d\u00fcnyas\u0131na ait kay\u0131tlara ba\u015fvuru olas\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 y\u00fcksektir. Baz\u0131lar\u0131 daha \u00f6zeldir ancak s\u00f6z konusu m\u00fcze ile temasa ge\u00e7ilerek elde edilebilir ve baz\u0131lar\u0131 sanat kurumlar\u0131n\u0131n tescil ve m\u00fclkiyet yap\u0131lar\u0131na ili\u015fkin s\u0131zd\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f belgelerden olu\u015fur.
    \n\u00c7al\u0131nan sanat eserlerinin \u00f6zel veri tabanlar\u0131 mevcut olsa da (\u00a0    FBI veri taban\u0131<\/a>\u00a0,\u00a0Interpol veri taban\u0131<\/a>\u00a0ve\u00a0\u0130talyan Carabinieri\u2019nin veri taban\u0131 gibi<\/a>\u00a0), bunlar\u0131n gazeteciler i\u00e7in yararl\u0131 bilgiler sa\u011flamas\u0131 pek olas\u0131 de\u011fildir.\u00a0Eski eser ka\u00e7ak\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 vakalar\u0131nda veri tabanlar\u0131ndan ziyade vakaya dahil olan payda\u015flar \u00e7ok daha bilgili sa\u011flayabilirler. Onlarla yap\u0131lacak g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmeler ara\u015ft\u0131rmay\u0131 daha etkili ilerletecektir.<\/p>\n

    \u00d6rnek \u00c7al\u0131\u015fmalar<\/strong><\/h4>\n

    Eski eserlerin ya\u011fmalanmas\u0131 ve ticaretiyle ilgili en etkili ara\u015ft\u0131rmalardan baz\u0131lar\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131 gazetecilik \u00f6rneklerinden ve baz\u0131lar\u0131 kitaba da d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc.\u00a0Bu kitaplar politikalar\u0131n uygulanmas\u0131nda ve akademi \u00fczerinde \u00f6nemli etkileri oldu.<\/p>\n