{"id":3218331,"date":"2026-09-21T00:28:45","date_gmt":"2026-09-21T04:28:45","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/gijn.org\/?p=3218331"},"modified":"2026-09-21T00:38:12","modified_gmt":"2026-09-21T04:38:12","slug":"bilimsel-iddialari-dogrulamanin-10-pratik-yolu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/gijn.org\/tr\/kaynak\/bilimsel-iddialari-dogrulamanin-10-pratik-yolu\/","title":{"rendered":"Bilimsel \u0130ddialar\u0131 Do\u011frulaman\u0131n 10 Pratik Yolu"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Bilimsel bir dergide yay\u0131mlanan makale, iyi bir haberin ya da kapsaml\u0131 bir ara\u015ft\u0131rman\u0131n ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131 olabilir. Ancak hakem de\u011ferlendirmesi, her deneyin tekrarlanmas\u0131 veya her verinin do\u011frulanmas\u0131 anlam\u0131na gelmez. Ara\u015ft\u0131rmalarda y\u00f6ntem sorunlar\u0131 ya da istemeden yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f hatalar bulunabilir. Bazen de veriler de\u011fi\u015ftirilmi\u015f veya uydurulmu\u015f olabilir.<\/p>\n<p>Gazeteci Frederik Joelving ile bilgisayar bilimcileri Cyril Labb\u00e9 ve Guillaume Cabanac, 2025\u2019te, <a href=\"https:\/\/gijn.org\/stories\/telltale-data-signs-fraudulent-academic-research\/\">\u201cmakale fabrikalar\u0131\u201d \u00fczerine alt\u0131 ay s\u00fcren ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131n\u0131n bulgular\u0131n\u0131<\/a> yay\u0131mlad\u0131. Bu i\u015fletmeler, \u00e7o\u011fu zaman uydurulmu\u015f ya da de\u011fi\u015ftirilmi\u015f veriler kullanarak sahte bilimsel makaleler \u00fcretiyor ve sat\u0131yor.<\/p>\n<p>\u0130nceledikleri vakalardan birinde, bir makaledeki sorunlar\u0131 ilk fark edenler kanser ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar\u0131 Soren Zielske ve Danny Welch\u2019ti. \u0130ki bilim insan\u0131, makalenin bulgular\u0131ndan hareketle ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131n\u0131 ilerletmek istemi\u015f, ancak ayn\u0131 sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 elde edememi\u015fti. Daha yak\u0131ndan incelediklerinde, farkl\u0131 deneyleri g\u00f6stermesi gereken grafiklerde ayn\u0131 verilerin kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6rd\u00fcler. Zielske, 2020\u2019de \u015f\u00fcphelerini PubPeer\u2019de payla\u015ft\u0131 ve derginin edit\u00f6r\u00fcyle ileti\u015fime ge\u00e7ti. Makale daha sonra \u201cmateryallerde ve\/veya verilerde sahtecilik yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131\u201d gerek\u00e7esiyle <a rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC7716171\/\">geri \u00e7ekildi<\/a>.<\/p>\n<aside>\u201cBir\u00e7ok yay\u0131nc\u0131, bilim insan\u0131 ve \u00fcniversite, hakem de\u011ferlendirmesinden ge\u00e7mi\u015f bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fman\u0131n do\u011fru oldu\u011fu izlenimini vermek istiyor. Oysa bilim insanlar\u0131 d\u00fcr\u00fcst davrand\u0131klar\u0131nda, bunun b\u00f6yle olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 biliyor.\u201d \u2014 Ivan Oransky, Retraction Watch\u2019\u0131n kurucu orta\u011f\u0131<\/aside>\n<p>Gazeteciler her deneyi tekrarlayamaz. Yine de kontrol edebilecekleri pek \u00e7ok \u015fey var. A\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki 10 \u00f6neri, bilimsel bir iddiay\u0131 haberle\u015ftirmeden ya da bir ara\u015ft\u0131rman\u0131n \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f noktas\u0131 olarak kullanmadan \u00f6nce nas\u0131l inceleyebilece\u011finizi anlat\u0131yor.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1)Kendi erken uyar\u0131 sisteminizi kurun<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><a rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/\">PubMed<\/a> ve <a rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/scholar.google.com\/\">Google Scholar<\/a>, yeni ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131 bulman\u0131za yard\u0131mc\u0131 olabilir. <a rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_alerts\">Google Scholar\u2019da<\/a> belirli konular, anahtar s\u00f6zc\u00fckler ve ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar i\u00e7in bildirimler olu\u015fturabilir; <a rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.science.org\/content\/page\/email-alerts-and-rss-feeds\">Science<\/a> ve <a rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.pnas.org\/email-alerts-and-rss\">PNAS<\/a> gibi dergilerin e-posta bildirimlerine abone olabilirsiniz. <a rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.eurekalert.org\/reporterguidelines\">EurekAlert<\/a>, gerekli ko\u015fullar\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131layan gazetecilere ambargolu ara\u015ft\u0131rmalara eri\u015fim sa\u011flarken <a rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.sciline.org\/journalists\/\">SciLine<\/a>, gazetecileri ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z bilim insanlar\u0131yla bulu\u015fturuyor.<\/p>\n<p><a rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nasw.org\/page\/nasw-officers-executive-board-and-key-people\">ABD Ulusal Bilim Yazarlar\u0131 Derne\u011fi\u2019nin (NASW)<\/a> ba\u015fkan\u0131 ve serbest bilim gazetecisi Sandeep Ravindran, GIJN\u2019e yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klamada gazetecilere belirli bir alanda uzmanla\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6neriyor:<\/p>\n<p>\u201c<a rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.science.org\/\">Science<\/a>, <a rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/\">Nature<\/a>, <a rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.pnas.org\/\">PNAS<\/a>, <a rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cell.com\/\">Cell<\/a> veya <a rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cell.com\/neuron\/home\">Neuron<\/a> gibi \u00f6nde gelen dergilerdeki ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131 genellikle yay\u0131n kurulu\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n kadrolu gazetecileri takip ediyor. Bu nedenle bu dergiler, serbest gazetecilerin \u00f6zg\u00fcn haber fikirleri bulmas\u0131 i\u00e7in pek elveri\u015fli de\u011fil. Ancak <a rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/plos.org\/\">PLOS<\/a> ve <a rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/royalsociety.org\/\">Royal Society dergileri<\/a> gibi pek \u00e7ok ba\u015fka se\u00e7enek var.\u201d<\/p>\n<p><strong>2)Bas\u0131n b\u00fclteninden \u00f6nce haber de\u011ferine bak\u0131n<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>E-posta kutunuza bir bas\u0131n b\u00fclteni gelmesi, tek ba\u015f\u0131na haber yazmak i\u00e7in yeterli bir neden de\u011fil.<\/p>\n<p>Bas\u0131n b\u00fcltenleri, karma\u015f\u0131k bir makaleyi anlaman\u0131za veya ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar\u0131n ileti\u015fim bilgilerine ula\u015fman\u0131za yard\u0131mc\u0131 olabilir. Ancak ara\u015ft\u0131rman\u0131n kendisini okuman\u0131n yerini tutmaz. \u00dcstelik bulgular\u0131, oldu\u011fundan daha \u00e7arp\u0131c\u0131 ya da kesin g\u00f6sterebilir.<\/p>\n<p><a rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/full\/10.1080\/1461670X.2024.2409836\">2024\u2019te yay\u0131mlanan bir ara\u015ft\u0131rmada<\/a>, okyanuslardaki plastik kirlili\u011fine ili\u015fkin 84 bas\u0131n b\u00fclteni ve bunlarla ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131 495 gazete haberi incelendi. Haberlerin yar\u0131s\u0131ndan fazlas\u0131nda bas\u0131n b\u00fcltenlerindeki ifadeler kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, \u00e7o\u011funda ise ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131n finansman\u0131na ve s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131na yer verilmemi\u015fti.<\/p>\n<p>Bas\u0131n b\u00fcltenini makaleyle birlikte okuyun ve \u015fu sorular\u0131 sorun:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Ara\u015ft\u0131rma yaln\u0131zca bir ili\u015fki saptad\u0131\u011f\u0131 halde b\u00fclten, neden-sonu\u00e7 ili\u015fkisi varm\u0131\u015f izlenimi veriyor mu?<\/li>\n<li>Makalede belirtilen s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131 d\u0131\u015far\u0131da b\u0131rak\u0131yor mu?<\/li>\n<li>Ara\u015ft\u0131rman\u0131n as\u0131l \u00f6l\u00e7mek istedi\u011fi sonu\u00e7ta beklenen etki bulunamay\u0131nca, ikincil sonu\u00e7lardan olumlu olanlar\u0131 m\u0131 \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131yor?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><a rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.newscientist.com\/\">New Scientist<\/a> haber edit\u00f6r\u00fc <a rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.newscientist.com\/author\/alexandra-thompson\/\">Alexandra Thompson<\/a>, GIJN\u2019e yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 \u015f\u00f6yle anlat\u0131yor: \u00a0\u201cKarma\u015f\u0131k bir makaleyi anlamama yard\u0131mc\u0131 olmas\u0131 gerekmedik\u00e7e bas\u0131n b\u00fcltenlerine pek dikkat etmiyorum. Ara\u015ft\u0131rma size \u2018Vay can\u0131na!\u2019 dedirtmeli, mevcut bilgilerimizi bir ad\u0131m ileri ta\u015f\u0131mal\u0131 ya da g\u00fcnl\u00fck ya\u015famda kullanabilece\u011finiz bilgiler sunmal\u0131.\u201d<\/p>\n<p><strong>3)Hakem de\u011ferlendirmesini do\u011fruluk garantisi saymay\u0131n<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Hakem de\u011ferlendirmesi \u00f6nemli bir kalite kontrol mekanizmas\u0131d\u0131r. Ancak bir makalenin do\u011fru oldu\u011funu kan\u0131tlamaz. Hakemler analiz hatalar\u0131n\u0131, \u00fczerinde oynanm\u0131\u015f g\u00f6rselleri, a\u00e7\u0131klanmam\u0131\u015f \u00e7\u0131kar \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131 veya ancak yay\u0131mdan sonra ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan sorunlar\u0131 g\u00f6zden ka\u00e7\u0131rabilir. Sayg\u0131n dergilerde yay\u0131mlanan makaleler bile sonradan d\u00fczeltilebilir, sorgulanabilir ya da geri \u00e7ekilebilir.<\/p>\n<p>T\u0131p doktoru ve bilim gazetecisi <a rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/retractionwatch.com\/meet-the-retraction-watch-staff\/about\/\">Ivan Oransky<\/a>, bilimsel yay\u0131nlardaki geri \u00e7ekmeleri, d\u00fczeltmeleri ve ara\u015ft\u0131rma eti\u011fi sorunlar\u0131n\u0131 izleyen <a rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/retractionwatch.com\/\">Retraction Watch\u2019\u0131n<\/a> kurucu ortaklar\u0131ndan. Ayn\u0131 zamanda <a rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/journalism.nyu.edu\/graduate\/programs\/science-health-and-environmental-reporting\/faculty\/\">New York \u00dcniversitesi Arthur L. Carter Gazetecilik Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc\u2019nde<\/a> deneyimli gazeteci olarak g\u00f6rev yapan Oransky, GIJN\u2019e \u015funlar\u0131 s\u00f6yl\u00fcyor:<\/p>\n<p>\u201cPek \u00e7ok yay\u0131nc\u0131, bilim insan\u0131 ve \u00fcniversite, gazetecilerin hakem de\u011ferlendirmesinden ge\u00e7mi\u015f bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fman\u0131n do\u011fru oldu\u011funa inanmas\u0131n\u0131 istiyor. Ancak bilim insanlar\u0131, d\u00fcr\u00fcst\u00e7e konu\u015furlarsa, bunun do\u011fru olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 biliyor.\u201d<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_3262159\" style=\"width: 565px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/gijn.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/retraction-watch-bmj-covid-retraction-2.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-3262159\" class=\" wp-image-3262159\" src=\"https:\/\/gijn.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/retraction-watch-bmj-covid-retraction-2.png\" alt=\"Retraction Watch\" width=\"555\" height=\"398\" srcset=\"https:\/\/gijn.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/retraction-watch-bmj-covid-retraction-2.png 1176w, https:\/\/gijn.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/retraction-watch-bmj-covid-retraction-2-336x241.png 336w, https:\/\/gijn.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/retraction-watch-bmj-covid-retraction-2-771x553.png 771w, https:\/\/gijn.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/retraction-watch-bmj-covid-retraction-2-768x551.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 555px) 100vw, 555px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-3262159\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Retraction Watch<\/p><\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Hen\u00fcz hakem de\u011ferlendirmesinden ge\u00e7memi\u015f \u00f6n bask\u0131lar ise ayr\u0131ca dikkat gerektiriyor.<\/p>\n<p><a rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.science.org\/\">Science<\/a> edit\u00f6r\u00fc <a rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.science.org\/content\/author\/john-travis\">John Travis<\/a>, GIJN\u2019e yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klamada, \u201c\u00d6n bask\u0131lar haberle\u015ftirilebilir, ancak birden fazla uzman\u0131n g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fc alarak kendi hakem de\u011ferlendirmenizi yapmal\u0131s\u0131n\u0131z\u201d diyor.<\/p>\n<p>Travis, s\u00f6zlerini \u015f\u00f6yle s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fcyor: \u201c\u00d6n bask\u0131lar, bir toplant\u0131da yap\u0131lan sunumu haberle\u015ftirmekten daha elveri\u015flidir; \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc de\u011ferlendirmesi i\u00e7in bir uzmana makalenin tamam\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6nderebilirsiniz. \u00d6n bask\u0131lara daha ku\u015fkucu yakla\u015fmal\u0131s\u0131n\u0131z, ancak onlar\u0131 haberle\u015ftirmekten vazge\u00e7memelisiniz. \u00c7ok say\u0131da \u00f6nemli bulgu ilk kez bu yolla payla\u015f\u0131l\u0131yor.\u201d<\/p>\n<p><strong>4)Makaleyi ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131 gazeteci g\u00f6z\u00fcyle okuyun<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Yaln\u0131zca \u00f6zet b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcne dayanarak haber yazmay\u0131n. \u00d6nce makalenin temel iddias\u0131n\u0131 belirleyin; ard\u0131ndan y\u00f6ntemleri, sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 ve s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131 inceleyin. \u00d6rneklemin b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc ve nas\u0131l se\u00e7ildi\u011fini, kontrol grubunu, ara\u015ft\u0131rman\u0131n s\u00fcresini, hangi sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc, g\u00f6zlenen etkinin b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc, tahminlerin belirsizli\u011fini g\u00f6steren g\u00fcven aral\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131, ara\u015ft\u0131rmadan ayr\u0131lan kat\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131lar\u0131 ve olumsuz etkileri kontrol edin.<\/p>\n<p><a rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/clinicaltrials.gov\/\">Klinik ara\u015ft\u0131rmalarda<\/a>, makalede bildirilen birincil sonucu, yani ara\u015ft\u0131rman\u0131n as\u0131l \u00f6l\u00e7meyi hedefledi\u011fi sonucu, ara\u015ft\u0131rman\u0131n kay\u0131t bilgileriyle kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131n. Sonradan de\u011fi\u015ftirilen ya da makaleye al\u0131nmayan sonu\u00e7lar var m\u0131? Birincil sonu\u00e7ta beklenen etki bulunamay\u0131nca olumlu ikincil bulgular m\u0131 \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lm\u0131\u015f?<\/p>\n<p>Finansman ve \u00e7\u0131kar \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klamalar\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra tablolar\u0131, \u015fekilleri ve ek dosyalar\u0131 da okuyun. Ara\u015ft\u0131rman\u0131n en \u00f6nemli s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 haberin sonuna b\u0131rakmay\u0131n; temel bulgusuyla birlikte aktar\u0131n.<\/p>\n<p><strong>5)Ara\u015ft\u0131rmay\u0131 ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z uzmanlara de\u011ferlendirin<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Bir ara\u015ft\u0131rman\u0131n bulgular\u0131n\u0131 haberle\u015ftirmeden \u00f6nce ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z bir uzmandan de\u011ferlendirme isteyin. Ara\u015ft\u0131rmada yer almam\u0131\u015f, tercihen ba\u015fka bir kurumda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan, konuyu veya kullan\u0131lan y\u00f6ntemleri bilen birini bulun.<\/p>\n<p>Somut sorular sorun:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Kullan\u0131lan y\u00f6ntemler ara\u015ft\u0131rma sorusunu yan\u0131tlamaya uygun mu?<\/li>\n<li>Bulgular, yazarlar\u0131n vard\u0131\u011f\u0131 sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 destekliyor mu?<\/li>\n<li>Ara\u015ft\u0131rman\u0131n en \u00f6nemli s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 ne?<\/li>\n<li>Gazeteciler hangi iddiada bulunmaktan ka\u00e7\u0131nmal\u0131?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Uygun uzmanlar\u0131 bulmak i\u00e7in makalenin kaynak\u00e7as\u0131na, benzer ara\u015ft\u0131rmalara ve yazarlar\u0131n \u00f6nceki \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131na at\u0131f yapan ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lara bak\u0131n.<\/p>\n<p><a rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.pulitzer.org\/winners\/deborah-blum\">Pulitzer \u00f6d\u00fcll\u00fc<\/a> bilim gazetecisi ve yazar <a rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/deborahblum.com\/\">Deborah Blum<\/a>, GIJN\u2019e \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma y\u00f6ntemini \u015f\u00f6yle anlat\u0131yor: \u201c\u00d6n haz\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131 tamamlad\u0131ktan sonra ara\u015ft\u0131rman\u0131n yazarlar\u0131yla, ard\u0131ndan alan\u0131 bilen ba\u015fka ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131larla g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fcm. Hem meslekta\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n hem de ele\u015ftirenlerin g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fc almaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r\u0131m.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Blum, ciddi bir sorun saptand\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ne yap\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini de a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131yor: \u201cBir uzman ciddi bir sorun tespit ederse bunu ara\u015ft\u0131rman\u0131n yazarlar\u0131na iletin ve yan\u0131t verme f\u0131rsat\u0131 tan\u0131y\u0131n. Kan\u0131tlar\u0131n hangi g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fc daha g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bi\u00e7imde destekledi\u011fini anlayana kadar ara\u015ft\u0131rmay\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fcn.\u201d<\/p>\n<p><strong>6)Kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131z dil, kan\u0131t\u0131n g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc yans\u0131ts\u0131n<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Haberiniz, kan\u0131tlar\u0131n izin verdi\u011finden daha kesin konu\u015fmamal\u0131. Ara\u015ft\u0131rman\u0131n tasar\u0131m\u0131 <a rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.bmj.com\/content\/349\/bmj.g7015\">temkinli olmay\u0131 gerektiriyorsa<\/a>, \u201ckan\u0131tl\u0131yor\u201d yerine \u201cd\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fcr\u00fcyor\u201d, \u201cneden oluyor\u201d yerine \u201cili\u015fkili\u201d, \u201c\u00f6nl\u00fcyor\u201d yerine \u201criski azaltabilir\u201d ifadelerini kullan\u0131n.<\/p>\n<p>\u015eu \u00fc\u00e7 \u015feyi birbirinden ay\u0131r\u0131n:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Verilerin ne g\u00f6sterdi\u011fini.<\/li>\n<li>Ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar\u0131n bulgular\u0131 nas\u0131l yorumlad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131.<\/li>\n<li>Gelecekte nelerin belirlenebilece\u011fini.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Say\u0131lar\u0131 da dil kadar dikkatle kontrol edin. G\u00f6reli risk ile mutlak riski, y\u00fczde de\u011fi\u015fim ile y\u00fczde puanl\u0131k de\u011fi\u015fimi birbirine kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131rmay\u0131n.<\/p>\n<p>Olumlu ifadeler bilimsel metinlerde bile giderek yayg\u0131nla\u015f\u0131yor. PubMed\u2019deki makale \u00f6zetlerini inceleyen bir <a rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.bmj.com\/content\/351\/bmj.h6467\">BMJ analizine<\/a> g\u00f6re, olumlu s\u00f6zc\u00fcklerin kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00f6zetlerin oran\u0131 1974\u20131980 d\u00f6neminde y\u00fczde 2 iken 2014\u2019te y\u00fczde 17,5\u2019e y\u00fckseldi. Analizde bu, g\u00f6reli olarak y\u00fczde 880\u2019lik bir art\u0131\u015f olarak bildirildi. Bir bulguyu \u201c\u00e7\u0131\u011f\u0131r a\u00e7\u0131c\u0131\u201d, \u201cbenzeri g\u00f6r\u00fclmemi\u015f\u201d ya da \u201cb\u00fcy\u00fck bir at\u0131l\u0131m\u201d diye nitelendiriyorsan\u0131z bu tan\u0131m\u0131 neye dayanarak kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klay\u0131n.<\/p>\n<p>Belirsizlikleri a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a aktar\u0131n. Ara\u015ft\u0131rman\u0131n \u00f6rneklemi k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fckse, takip s\u00fcresi k\u0131saysa, bulgular hen\u00fcz ba\u015fka \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalarda tekrarlanmad\u0131ysa veya yaln\u0131zca belirli bir grup incelendiyse okura s\u00f6yleyin. Bu ayr\u0131nt\u0131lar, ara\u015ft\u0131rman\u0131n bize ne s\u00f6yleyebilece\u011fini ve ne s\u00f6yleyemeyece\u011fini g\u00f6sterir.<\/p>\n<p><strong>7)Finansman\u0131 ve \u00e7\u0131kar \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131r\u0131n<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Bir ara\u015ft\u0131rman\u0131n sekt\u00f6r taraf\u0131ndan finanse edilmesi, onu kendili\u011finden g\u00fcvenilmez yapmaz. As\u0131l soru, yaln\u0131zca paray\u0131 kimin verdi\u011fi de\u011fil, finansman\u0131 sa\u011flayan taraf\u0131n ara\u015ft\u0131rma \u00fczerinde ne kadar etkili oldu\u011fudur.<\/p>\n<p>Finansman, \u00e7\u0131kar \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmas\u0131, yazar beyanlar\u0131, te\u015fekk\u00fcr ve fon sa\u011flay\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n rol\u00fcne ili\u015fkin a\u00e7\u0131klamalar\u0131 okuyun. \u015eu sorular\u0131 sorun:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Finansman\u0131 sa\u011flayan taraf ara\u015ft\u0131rman\u0131n tasar\u0131m\u0131na katk\u0131da bulunmu\u015f mu?<\/li>\n<li>Verileri toplam\u0131\u015f veya analiz etmi\u015f mi?<\/li>\n<li>Makalenin yaz\u0131m\u0131nda rol alm\u0131\u015f m\u0131?<\/li>\n<li>Yay\u0131mlanmas\u0131n\u0131 engelleme veya geciktirme yetkisi var m\u0131?<\/li>\n<li>Yazarlar\u0131n, ara\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lan \u00fcr\u00fcnle ya da \u015firketle mali ba\u011flar\u0131 bulunuyor mu?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Bir <a rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cochranelibrary.com\/cdsr\/doi\/10.1002\/14651858.MR000033.pub3\/full\">Cochrane sistematik derlemesi<\/a>, sekt\u00f6r taraf\u0131ndan finanse edilen ila\u00e7 ve t\u0131bbi cihaz ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131n\u0131n, ba\u015fka kaynaklardan finanse edilenlere k\u0131yasla, sponsorun \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc lehine bulgular ve sonu\u00e7lar bildirme olas\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n daha y\u00fcksek oldu\u011funu ortaya koydu.<\/p>\n<p>G\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f ald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131z ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z uzmanlar\u0131 da kontrol edin. Ara\u015ft\u0131rman\u0131n yazarlar\u0131yla, ilgili kurumlarla veya \u015firketlerle mali, mesleki ya da akademik ba\u011flar\u0131 olabilir. Bunu do\u011frudan sorun ve m\u00fcmk\u00fcn oldu\u011funda beyanlar\u0131n\u0131 do\u011frulay\u0131n.<\/p>\n<p>\u0130lgili \u00e7\u0131kar \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a aktar\u0131n, ancak bunlar\u0131 usuls\u00fczl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn kan\u0131t\u0131 olarak sunmay\u0131n. Ara\u015ft\u0131rmay\u0131 kimin finanse etti\u011fini, finansman\u0131 sa\u011flayan taraf\u0131n nas\u0131l bir rol oynad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve bu ili\u015fkilerin ara\u015ft\u0131rman\u0131n tasar\u0131m\u0131n\u0131, analizini veya yorumlanmas\u0131n\u0131 nas\u0131l etkilemi\u015f olabilece\u011fini anlat\u0131n.<\/p>\n<p><strong>8)Makalenin g\u00fcncel durumunu kontrol edin<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Bir makaleyle ilgili sorunlar yay\u0131mland\u0131ktan sonra da ortaya \u00e7\u0131kabilir. Haberinizi teslim etmeden \u00f6nce makalenin ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve <a rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.doi.org\/the-identifier\/what-is-a-doi\/\">dijital nesne tan\u0131mlay\u0131c\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 (DOI)<\/a> aratarak hakk\u0131nda d\u00fczeltme, ele\u015ftiri veya geri \u00e7ekme karar\u0131 olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kontrol edin.<\/p>\n<p>\u015eu kaynaklara bak\u0131n:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Derginin veya yay\u0131nc\u0131n\u0131n internet sitesi<\/li>\n<li><a rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/retractiondatabase.org\/\">Retraction Watch Veri Taban\u0131<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/pubpeer.com\/\">PubPeer<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/search.crossref.org\/\">Crossref Search<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Eski bir PDF\u2019ye g\u00fcvenmeyin. G\u00fcncellemeler yaln\u0131zca yay\u0131nc\u0131n\u0131n sayfas\u0131nda yer alabilir. Birden fazla s\u00fcr\u00fcm varsa yay\u0131mlanm\u0131\u015f resmi kayd\u0131n en g\u00fcncel s\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc kullan\u0131n.<\/p>\n<p>Retraction Watch\u2019\u0131n kurucu orta\u011f\u0131 Oransky, gazetecilere \u015fu \u00f6neride bulunuyor: \u201cGeri \u00e7ekme ya da d\u00fczeltmeyle birlikte yay\u0131mlanan bildirimi okuyun. Ne oldu\u011funu a\u00e7\u0131klayan bir bildirim olacakt\u0131r. Ya da olmas\u0131 gerekir.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Bu bildirimleri dikkatle inceleyin; \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc hepsi ayn\u0131 anlama gelmez. Bir d\u00fczeltme, temel bulguyu de\u011fi\u015ftirmeden bir hatay\u0131 giderebilir. \u201cEndi\u015fe bildirimi\u201d, hen\u00fcz \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcme kavu\u015fmam\u0131\u015f ciddi sorular bulundu\u011funu g\u00f6sterir. Geri \u00e7ekme ise makalenin bulgular\u0131n\u0131n art\u0131k g\u00fcvenilir kabul edilmemesi gerekti\u011fi anlam\u0131na gelir.<\/p>\n<p><strong>10)Bulguyu \u00f6nceki ara\u015ft\u0131rmalarla kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131n<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Tek bir ara\u015ft\u0131rma, y\u0131llar boyunca birikmi\u015f kan\u0131tlar\u0131 nadiren ge\u00e7ersiz k\u0131lar. Sistematik derlemeleri, birden fazla ara\u015ft\u0131rman\u0131n sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 birlikte de\u011ferlendiren meta-analizleri ve benzer \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 tarayarak yeni bulgunun mevcut bilgiler i\u00e7indeki yerini g\u00f6sterin. Bir derlemenin ancak i\u00e7erdi\u011fi ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar kadar g\u00fcvenilir olabilece\u011fini unutmay\u0131n.<\/p>\n<p>\u015eu sorular\u0131 sorun:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Ka\u00e7 ara\u015ft\u0131rmada benzer bulgular elde edilmi\u015f?<\/li>\n<li>Bunlarla \u00e7eli\u015fen kan\u0131tlar var m\u0131?<\/li>\n<li>Ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z ara\u015ft\u0131rma ekipleri ayn\u0131 sonucu elde etmi\u015f mi?<\/li>\n<li>Yeni bulgu \u00f6nceki ara\u015ft\u0131rmalardan farkl\u0131ysa bunu y\u00f6ntem, \u00f6rneklem veya incelenen gruplar aras\u0131ndaki farklar a\u00e7\u0131klayabilir mi?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Yararlanabilece\u011finiz kaynaklar aras\u0131nda \u015funlar bulunuyor:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/\">PubMed<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cochranelibrary.com\/\">Cochrane Library<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/europepmc.org\/\">Europe PMC<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/scholar.google.com\/\">Google Scholar<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Blum, \u201c\u00c7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131na kimlerin at\u0131f yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6rebilir, bulgular\u0131n\u0131 alandaki daha geni\u015f bilgi birikimi i\u00e7inde de\u011ferlendirebilirsiniz\u201d diyor.<\/p>\n<ol start=\"10\">\n<li><strong>Yay\u0131mlamadan \u00f6nce son kez kontrol edin<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>Oransky\u2019nin gazetecilere \u00f6nerisi basit: \u201cG\u00fcvenmeyebilirsiniz ama do\u011frulay\u0131n.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Kendinize \u015fu sorular\u0131 sorun:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Ba\u015fl\u0131k, ara\u015ft\u0131rman\u0131n kimler \u00fczerinde yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve temel bulgusunu do\u011fru yans\u0131t\u0131yor mu?<\/li>\n<li>Makalenin g\u00fcncel durumunu kontrol ettim mi?<\/li>\n<li>Say\u0131lar\u0131, al\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131 ve temel iddialar\u0131 birincil kaynaklarla kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rarak do\u011frulad\u0131m m\u0131?<\/li>\n<li>Ara\u015ft\u0131rman\u0131n en \u00f6nemli s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 ve belirsizliklerini a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a anlatt\u0131m m\u0131?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Son olarak \u015funu sorun: Bu ara\u015ft\u0131rma gelecek y\u0131l ciddi bi\u00e7imde sorgulan\u0131r ya da d\u00fczeltilirse haberim h\u00e2l\u00e2 do\u011fru olacak m\u0131?<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/gijn.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/Esra-Oz-Tr.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-3218356 alignleft\" src=\"https:\/\/gijn.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/Esra-Oz-Tr.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"177\" height=\"181\" \/><\/a><strong><a rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/fesraoz\/\">Esra \u00d6z<\/a>,<\/strong> Science Magazine, New Scientist, ScienceAlert, CNN T\u00fcrk ve Independent T\u00fcrk\u00e7e gibi yay\u0131nlar i\u00e7in \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan serbest gazetecidir. Eski\u015fehir Osmangazi \u00dcniversitesi Biyoloji B\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc ve Anadolu \u00dcniversitesi Radyo ve Televizyon Programc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 B\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc mezunudur. Ankara \u00dcniversitesi \u0130leti\u015fim Fak\u00fcltesi\u2019nde gazetecilik alan\u0131ndaki y\u00fcksek lisans\u0131n\u0131 bilim ileti\u015fimi \u00fczerine tamamlam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Bilimsel bir dergide yay\u0131mlanan bir makale, ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131 gazetecilik i\u00e7in \u00f6nemli bir \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f noktas\u0131 olabilir. Ancak gazetecilerin, akademik bir iddiay\u0131 habere d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrmeden \u00f6nce baz\u0131 temel noktalar\u0131 g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcnde bulundurmas\u0131 gerekir.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3031167,"featured_media":3218332,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_price":"","_stock":"","_tribe_ticket_header":"","_tribe_default_ticket_provider":"TEC\\Tickets\\Commerce\\Module","_tribe_ticket_capacity":"0","_ticket_start_date":"","_ticket_end_date":"","_tribe_ticket_show_description":"","_tribe_ticket_show_not_going":false,"_tribe_ticket_use_global_stock":"","_tribe_ticket_global_stock_level":"","_global_stock_mode":"","_global_stock_cap":"","_tribe_rsvp_for_event":"","_tribe_ticket_going_count":"","_tribe_ticket_not_going_count":"","_tribe_tickets_list":"[]","_tribe_ticket_has_attendee_info_fields":false,"republication-tracker-tool-hide-widget":false,"footnotes":"","_tec_slr_enabled":"","_tec_slr_layout":""},"categories":[23204,23200],"tags":[22390,28909],"gijn_topic":[],"series":[],"gijn_language":[],"gijn_region":[],"class_list":["post-3218331","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-ipucu-sayfasi","category-kaynak","tag-akademik-arastirma-tr","tag-bilimsel-yayinlar"],"acf":[],"ticketed":false,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/gijn.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3218331","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/gijn.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/gijn.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gijn.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3031167"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gijn.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3218331"}],"version-history":[{"count":11,"href":"https:\/\/gijn.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3218331\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3262186,"href":"https:\/\/gijn.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3218331\/revisions\/3262186"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gijn.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3218332"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/gijn.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3218331"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gijn.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3218331"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gijn.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3218331"},{"taxonomy":"gijn_topic","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gijn.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/gijn_topic?post=3218331"},{"taxonomy":"series","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gijn.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/series?post=3218331"},{"taxonomy":"gijn_language","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gijn.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/gijn_language?post=3218331"},{"taxonomy":"gijn_region","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gijn.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/gijn_region?post=3218331"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}