{"id":1337342,"date":"2024-02-19T03:50:42","date_gmt":"2024-02-19T08:50:42","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/gijn.org\/?p=1337342"},"modified":"2024-02-20T03:24:25","modified_gmt":"2024-02-20T08:24:25","slug":"akademik-arastirmalarda-sahtecilik-ve-hatalar-nasil-arastirilir","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/gijn.org\/tr\/hikayeler\/akademik-arastirmalarda-sahtecilik-ve-hatalar-nasil-arastirilir\/","title":{"rendered":"Akademik Ara\u015ft\u0131rmalarda Sahtecilik ve Hatalar Nas\u0131l Ara\u015ft\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><a rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/retractionwatch.com\/\">Retraction Watch blogu ve veri taban\u0131na g\u00f6re<\/a>, 2022 y\u0131l\u0131nda akademik dergiler<a rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/retractionwatch.com\/2022\/12\/27\/nearing-5000-retractions-a-review-of-2022\/#more-126277\"> 4.600\u2019den fazla bilimsel makaleyi<\/a>, genellikle etik ihlaller veya ara\u015ft\u0131rmada sahtecilik nedeniyle geri \u00e7ekti.<\/p>\n<aside>\u201c Asl\u0131nda nispeten az makale var geri \u00e7ekilen yani b\u00fcy\u00fck sorunlar\u0131 olan, d\u00fczeltilen fazla de\u011fil.\u201d -Elizabeth Bik, mikrobiyolog ve Akademik D\u00fcr\u00fcstl\u00fck Dan\u0131\u015fman\u0131<\/aside>\n<p>Y\u0131ll\u0131k yay\u0131nlanan akademik makalelerin k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015fturuyor bu geri \u00e7ekilmeler ama k\u00f6t\u00fc ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131n \u00e7ok b\u00fcy\u00fck etkisi oluyor.\u00a0 Baz\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar yeni \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015f ila\u00e7lar\u0131, cerrahi prosed\u00fcrleri ve hastal\u0131klar\u0131 \u00f6nleme programlar\u0131n\u0131 i\u00e7eriyor. Bunlar\u0131n t\u00fcm\u00fc halk sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, g\u00fcvenli\u011fini do\u011frudan etkiliyor. Ayr\u0131ca h\u00fck\u00fcmetler su\u00e7, e\u011fitim, g\u00fcvenlik, iklim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi ve ekonomik kalk\u0131nma gibi alanlarda politika olu\u015fturma s\u00fcrecine rehberlik etmek i\u00e7in bilimsel bulgulara olduk\u00e7a g\u00fcveniyor.<\/p>\n<p>30 Kas\u0131m 2023 tarihinde The Journalist\u2019s Resource, gazetecilerin sorunlu ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131 bulabilmelerine ve haberle\u015ftirmesine yard\u0131mc\u0131 olmak i\u00e7in \u00f6nemli isimlerle bir\u00a0 <a rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Y01nxLwJE5o&amp;t=5s\">webinar d\u00fczenledi.<\/a> Oturumda akademik ara\u015ft\u0131rmalarda yap\u0131lan hatalar\u0131 ve sahtecili\u011fi ele almak, izlemek ve takip etmek i\u00e7in \u00fc\u00e7 uzmandan \u00f6neriler payla\u015f\u0131l\u0131yor. Ka\u00e7\u0131ranlar yaz\u0131n\u0131n giri\u015finde yer verdi\u011fimiz kay\u0131ttan izleyebilirler.<\/p>\n<p>Oturuma New York \u00dcniversitesi\u2019nde t\u0131bbi gazetecilik dersleri veren ve Retraction Watch\u2019\u0131n kurucular\u0131ndan Ulusal Sa\u011fl\u0131k Gazetecileri Birli\u011fi\u2019nin eski ba\u015fkan\u0131<a rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/retractionwatch.com\/meet-the-retraction-watch-staff\/about\/\"> Ivan Oransky<\/a>, <a rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/d41586-020-01363-z\">\u201cG\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fc hafiyeli\u011finin kamusal y\u00fcz\u00fc<\/a> \u201d olarak an\u0131lan mikrobiyolog ve Akademik D\u00fcr\u00fcstl\u00fck Dan\u0131\u015fman\u0131<a rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/scienceintegritydigest.com\/about\/\"> Elisabeth Bik <\/a>ve ProPublica\u2019n\u0131n \u00f6d\u00fcll\u00fc ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131 muhabiri<a rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.propublica.org\/people\/jodi-cohen\"> Jodi Cohen<\/a> var. Cohen\u2019in,<a rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.propublica.org\/article\/university-of-illinois-chicago-mani-pavuluri-3-million-research-breakdown\"> 3 Milyon Dolarl\u0131k Ara\u015ft\u0131rma D\u00f6k\u00fcm\u00fc dizisi<\/a> Illinois \u00dcniversitesi\u2019nde yap\u0131lan bir psikiyatrik ara\u015ft\u0131rmada yap\u0131lan hileleri ortaya \u00e7\u0131karm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1-Retraction Watch ve PubPeer, gazetecilerin akademil ara\u015ft\u0131rmalarda yap\u0131lan hatalar\u0131 ve\u00a0 sahtecili\u011fi belirleme ve izlemede yard\u0131mc\u0131 olabilecek iki \u00e7evrim i\u00e7i kaynak.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><a rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/retractionwatch.com\/\">Retraction Watch<\/a> akademik dergilerden kald\u0131r\u0131lan makaleler hakk\u0131nda bilgi edinmeyi sa\u011flayan bir hazine. Web sitesinin \u00f6zellikleri \u015f\u00f6yle:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/retractiondatabase.org\/RetractionSearch.aspx\">The Retraction Watch Database<\/a>: Gazetecilerin belirli bir ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131y\u0131, \u00fcniversiteyi veya ara\u015ft\u0131rma kurulu\u015fuyla ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131 olan geri \u00e7ekmelerini aramak i\u00e7in kullanabilecekleri bir ara\u00e7. \u00d6rne\u011fin, birlikte \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan ara\u015ft\u0131rma gruplar\u0131 veya ayn\u0131 kurumda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan birden fazla ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki geri \u00e7ekmeler gibi detaylar\u0131 aramak i\u00e7in kullanabilirsiniz.<\/li>\n<li><a rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/retractionwatch.com\/the-retraction-watch-leaderboard\/\">Retraction Watch Leaderboard<\/a>, en fazla makale geri \u00e7ekme i\u015flemine sahip ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar\u0131n resmi olmayan bir listesini tutar.<\/li>\n<li>Aralar\u0131nda kendini &#8220;veri haydutu&#8221; olarak tan\u0131mlayan<a rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/james-heathers-phd-63a70240\"> James Heathers<\/a> ve<a rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.chjh.nl\/\"> Chris Hartgerink<\/a> ile birlikte psikoloji makalelerindeki istatistiksel hatalar\u0131 bulmak i\u00e7in tasarlanan<a rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/MicheleNuijten\/statcheck\"> statcheck&#8217;i<\/a> geli\u015ftiren<a rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.tilburguniversity.edu\/staff\/m-b-nuijten\"> Mich\u00e8le B. Nuijten&#8217;in de bulundu\u011fu<\/a><a rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/retractionwatch.com\/2018\/06\/17\/meet-the-scientific-sleuths-ten-whove-had-an-impact-on-the-scientific-literature\/\"> bilimsel hafiyelerin<\/a> bir listesinden olu\u015fuyor. Bu uzmanlardan baz\u0131lar\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131 tepki olu\u015fmas\u0131n ve tacize kar\u015f\u0131 korunmak i\u00e7in takma adlar kullan\u0131yor.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Retraction Watch arac\u0131, ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131 gazeteci Cohen&#8217;in me\u015fhur \u00e7ocuk psikiyatristi Mani Pavuluri&#8217;nin \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131na ili\u015fkin hileleri ortaya \u00e7\u0131karmas\u0131nda \u00f6nemli bir katk\u0131 sa\u011flad\u0131. <a rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.propublica.org\/article\/university-of-illinois-chicago-mani-pavuluri-3-million-research-breakdown\">ProPublica ara\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131nda\u00a0 \u00e7ok b\u00fcy\u00fck bir rol oynad\u0131, gazeteci ara\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131nda g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc ba\u011flam kurabilmeyi ve haberi derinle\u015ftirmeyi araca ba\u011fl\u0131yor.<\/a><\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_1337372\" style=\"width: 298px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><a href=\"https:\/\/gijn.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/geri-cekme-akademik.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-1337372\" class=\" wp-image-1337372\" src=\"https:\/\/gijn.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/geri-cekme-akademik.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"288\" height=\"131\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-1337372\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Resim: Ekran g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcs\u00fc, Geri \u00c7ekme \u0130zleme<\/p><\/div>\n<p>Cohen\u00a0 zoom oturumunda izleyicilere, &#8220;Hileleri anlamaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rken \u00e7ok b\u00fcy\u00fck bir kaynak oldu ara\u00e7. Oradaki bilgi miktar\u0131 ve bu veri taban\u0131n\u0131 kullanma olana\u011f\u0131na sahip olmak inan\u0131lmaz.&#8221; diyor.<\/p>\n<p>Cohen, 2018 y\u0131l\u0131nda The Chronicle of Higher Education&#8217;da yay\u0131nlanan ara\u015ft\u0131rma dizisinde, Pavuluri&#8217;nin &#8220;kendisine s\u00f6ylenmemesine ra\u011fmen g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc ila\u00e7 lityumu 13 ya\u015f\u0131ndan k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck \u00e7ocuklar \u00fczerinde test ederek ara\u015ft\u0131rma kurallar\u0131n\u0131 ihlal etti\u011fini, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fman\u0131n riskleri konusunda ebeveynleri uygun \u015fekilde uyarmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve kay\u0131tlara g\u00f6re suiistimali \u00f6rtbas etmek i\u00e7in verileri tahrif etti\u011fini&#8221; ortaya \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131. Cohen, \u015eikago&#8217;daki Illinois \u00dcniversitesi&#8217;nin &#8220;Pavuluri&#8217;nin suiistimalleri ve kendi zay\u0131f denetimi nedeniyle a\u011f\u0131r bir ceza \u00f6dedi\u011fini&#8221; yazd\u0131. Federal h\u00fck\u00fcmet, Ulusal Sa\u011fl\u0131k Enstit\u00fcleri&#8217;nin Pavuluri&#8217;nin \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 finanse etmek i\u00e7in verdi\u011fi 3,1 milyon ABD dolar\u0131 iade etmesini istedi.<\/p>\n<p><a rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/pubpeer.com\/\">PubPeer,<\/a>\u00a0ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar\u0131n birbirlerinin \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131 ele\u015ftirdi\u011fi bir web sitesi. Yorumlar halka a\u00e7\u0131k ve gazetecilerin bilimsel s\u00fcrecin bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6zlemlemesine ve yazd\u0131klar\u0131 haberde yararl\u0131 olabilecek bilgileri toplamas\u0131na olanak tan\u0131yor.<\/p>\n<p>Bik, zoom yay\u0131n\u0131nda PubPeer&#8217;in, ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131n\u0131n hedef haline gelmemesi ve spek\u00fclasyon olas\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 azaltmak i\u00e7in &#8220;yo\u011fun \u015fekilde denetlendi\u011fini&#8221; belirtiyor. Web sitesi,<a rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/pubpeer.com\/static\/faq#4\"> yorum yapma kurallar\u0131n\u0131 ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 bir \u015fekilde a\u00e7\u0131klayarak<\/a> kullan\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131, beyanlar\u0131n\u0131 kamuya a\u00e7\u0131k olarak do\u011frulanabilir bilgilere dayand\u0131rmalar\u0131 ve kaynak g\u00f6stermeleri konusunda uyar\u0131yor. G\u00f6revi k\u00f6t\u00fcye kullanmaya sebep verebilecek iddialar yasak! Kan\u0131tlanabilir yorumlar bekleniyor.<\/p>\n<p>Bik, &#8220;Sen bir sahtekars\u0131n&#8217; diyemezsiniz&#8221; diye a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131yor. &#8220;Akran de\u011ferlendirmesine benzer raporlar sunmal\u0131, kan\u0131t ve arg\u00fcmanlarla gelmelisiniz.&#8221; diyor.<\/p>\n<p>Ara\u00e7 \u00f6\u011frenci gazetesi Stanford daily&#8217;de ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131 gazeteci olan\u00a0 <a rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/stanforddaily.com\/author\/tabaker\/\">Theo Baker&#8217;\u0131n<\/a> Stanford \u00dcniversitesi Rekt\u00f6r\u00fc Marc Tessier-Lavigne&#8217;nin ortak yazarl\u0131 makallesi \u00fczerinde ara\u015ft\u0131rma yaparken \u00f6nemli bir rol oynad\u0131. Tessier-Lavigne ara\u015ft\u0131rma sonucunda istifa etti ve Science dergi ailesi ba\u015f edit\u00f6r\u00fc Holden Thorp, A\u011fustos ay\u0131 sonlar\u0131nda<a rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.latimes.com\/opinion\/story\/2023-08-31\/stanford-marc-tessier-lavigne-science-retractions\"> Tessier-Lavigne&#8217;in iki makalesinin geri \u00e7ekildi\u011fini duyurdu<\/a>.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_1337397\" style=\"width: 781px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><a href=\"https:\/\/gijn.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/pubbeer.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-1337397\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1337397\" src=\"https:\/\/gijn.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/pubbeer.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"771\" height=\"345\" srcset=\"https:\/\/gijn.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/pubbeer.png 771w, https:\/\/gijn.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/pubbeer-336x150.png 336w, https:\/\/gijn.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/pubbeer-768x344.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 771px) 100vw, 771px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-1337397\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">G\u00f6rsel: Ekran g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcs\u00fc \/PubPeer<\/p><\/div>\n<p>Journalist&#8217;s Resource ekibi\u00a0 2023 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n A\u011fustos ay\u0131nda<a rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/journalistsresource.org\/home\/pubpeer-research-misconduct-tips-journalists\/\"> PubPeer&#8217;in kullan\u0131m\u0131na ili\u015fkin \u00f6neriler sayfas\u0131 haz\u0131rla<\/a>m\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Sayfada yer alan ilk \u00f6neri; <a rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/pubpeer.com\/static\/extensions\">PubPeer\u2019i taray\u0131c\u0131n\u0131za ekleyiniz idi<\/a>. B\u00f6ylece yay\u0131nlanm\u0131\u015f bir ara\u015ft\u0131rma makalesine bakt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131zda veya bir ara\u015ft\u0131rma makalesine ba\u011flant\u0131 veren bir web sitesini ziyaret etti\u011finizde, taray\u0131c\u0131daki uzant\u0131 PubPeer&#8217;de bu konuyla ilgili yap\u0131lan yorumlar konusunda sizi uyar\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p><b>2-Habere ba\u015flarken ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z uzmanlardan destek al\u0131n<\/b><\/p>\n<p>Ara\u015ft\u0131rmada sahtecilik ve hatalar\u0131 yazarken ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z uzmanlardan\u00a0 fikir almak, rehberlik yapmalar\u0131n\u0131 istemek kritik \u00f6neme sahiptir. Elisabeth Bik gibi uzmanlar, sorunun var olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, kas\u0131tl\u0131 olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve ne kadar ciddi oldu\u011funu \u00f6l\u00e7menize yard\u0131mc\u0131 olurlar.<\/p>\n<aside>&#8220;Kurumsal soru\u015fturmalar yava\u015f yap\u0131l\u0131yor, y\u0131llar al\u0131yor ve nadiren i\u015flem yap\u0131l\u0131yor.&#8221; -Elisabeth Bik, Akademik D\u00fcr\u00fcstl\u00fck Uzman\u0131<\/aside>\n<p>Zoom oturumunda Bik, gazetecilerin haber yaz\u0131m s\u00fcrecine ba\u015flarken yard\u0131m istemelerini ve mevcut, olas\u0131 sorunlar\u0131 de\u011ferlendirmek i\u00e7in uzman bulmalar\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6neriyor. Uzman Bik, yan\u0131lt\u0131c\u0131 ve manip\u00fcle edilmi\u015f g\u00f6rselleri tespit etme konusunda uzmanla\u015fm\u0131\u015f biri. \u00d6rne\u011fin di\u011fer ki\u015fi ise istatistiksel anormallikler veya \u00e7\u0131kar \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 konusunda uzmanla\u015fm\u0131\u015f biri.<\/p>\n<p><a rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/scienceintegritydigest.com\/about\/\">Science Integrity Digest bloguna<\/a> g\u00f6re Bik&#8217;in \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 1.069 geri \u00e7ekilme, 1.008 d\u00fczeltme ve 149 endi\u015fe ifadesiyle sonu\u00e7land\u0131. Dergi edit\u00f6rleri genellikle sorunun fark\u0131na vard\u0131klar\u0131nda veya bir ara\u015ft\u0131rma sonu\u00e7suz kalmas\u0131 durmunda akademik makaleyle ilgili<a rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/authorservices.wiley.com\/ethics-guidelines\/retractions-and-expressions-of-concern.html\"> endi\u015felerini dile getirirler.<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Bik, gazetecilerin bilimsel kay\u0131tlar\u0131n d\u00fczeltilmesine yard\u0131mc\u0131 olmay\u0131 ve ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar\u0131n sorumlu tutmas\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nemli oldu\u011funu belirtiyor.<\/p>\n<p>&#8220;G\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fc\u015fe g\u00f6re b\u00fcy\u00fck sorunlar\u0131 olan ve d\u00fczeltilen veya geri \u00e7ekilen makalelerin say\u0131s\u0131 nispeten \u00e7ok az. Kurumsal ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131n ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilmesi y\u0131llar al\u0131yor ve sonu\u00e7 olarak nadiren harekete ge\u00e7iliyor. Sorumlu ki\u015filer laboratuvarlar\u0131nda meydana gelen bu olaylardan \u00e7ok nadiren sorumlu tutuluyorlar! Kim bunlar lab y\u00f6neticileri hocalar, liderler, mentorlar, s\u00fcperviz\u00f6rler yani k\u0131demli ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Oransky gazetecileri, X&#8217;te aktif olan bilimsel hafiyeleri tan\u0131malar\u0131 i\u00e7in te\u015fvik ediyor.<\/p>\n<p>&#8220;Bu t\u00fcr i\u015fler yapan d\u00fczinelerce insan bulabilirsiniz yani her t\u00fcrl\u00fc muhbir edinmek ya da kaynak sa\u011flayacak ki\u015fi edinmek gibi.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>Oransky ayr\u0131ca gazetecilerin dikkat etmesi gereken yayg\u0131n sahtecilik t\u00fcrlerinin de alt\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7iziyor:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Sahte veri.<\/li>\n<li>G\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fc manip\u00fclasyonu.<\/li>\n<li>\u0130ntihal.<\/li>\n<li>\u00c7o\u011faltma ya da &#8220;kendi kendine intihal&#8221; yani ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar\u0131n kendi yaz\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 ya da verilerini daha \u00f6nce yay\u0131nlanm\u0131\u015f bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmadan al\u0131p yeni bir makaleye ekleyerek tekrar kullanmas\u0131.<\/li>\n<li>Sahte hakem de\u011ferlendirmesi, bir makalenin yay\u0131nlanmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in tamamen veya k\u0131smen uydurulmu\u015f veya de\u011fi\u015ftirilmi\u015f bir <a rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/journalistsresource.org\/media\/peer-review-research-journalists\/\">hakem de\u011ferlendirme s\u00fcreci.<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Sahte makaleler \u00fcreten ve satan kurulu\u015flar.<\/li>\n<li>Yazar hatalar\u0131.<\/li>\n<li>Yay\u0131nc\u0131 hatalar\u0131.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4><b>3. Sahtecili\u011fi g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcr k\u0131lman\u0131n en iyi yollu d\u00fczenli olarak sahtecilik konulu haber yapmakt\u0131r .<\/b><\/h4>\n<p>Oransky, kendisinin ve Retraction Watch&#8217;taki di\u011fer ki\u015filerin s\u00fcrekli ara\u015ft\u0131rmada sahtecilik konular\u0131yla ilgili \u00f6neriler ald\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 ifade ediyor. \u0130hbarc\u0131lar konu hakk\u0131nda haber yapacaklar\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fckleri gazetecilere gidiyorlar diyor.<\/p>\n<aside>&#8220;\u015e\u00fcpheci olun ve verilere ili\u015fkin sorular sorun, ara\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131z ki\u015filere de sorular sorun.&#8221; \u2014 Jodi Cohen, ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131 muhabir, ProPublica<\/aside>\n<p>Cohen, &#8220;Sahtecilik hakk\u0131nda yaz\u0131yorsunuz ve bir anda insanlar size gelmeye ba\u015fl\u0131yorlar&#8221; diyor. \u201cD\u00fczenli olarak haber yapmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131z s\u00fcrece orada oldu\u011funuzu bilmiyorlar. Hatta d\u00fczenli olarak bile de\u011fil ama bu konu hakk\u0131nda yazmaya ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131zda ve ilgilendi\u011finiz bir konu oldu\u011funu g\u00f6sterdi\u011finizde daha fazla fikir edineceksiniz.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Gazetecilerin ara\u015ft\u0131rmada sahtecilik iddialar\u0131n\u0131 kontrol etmek i\u00e7in gidebilecekleri di\u011fer yerler kaynaklar ise mahkeme celpleri de dahil olmak \u00fczere mahkeme kay\u0131tlar\u0131d\u0131r. Cohen, ayr\u0131ca devlet okullar\u0131nda, \u00fcniversitelerde ara\u015ft\u0131rma raporlar\u0131 ve ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar ile dan\u0131\u015fmanlar\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki yaz\u0131l\u0131 ileti\u015fim gibi kay\u0131tlar\u0131n kopyalar\u0131n\u0131 isteyebileceklerini belirtiyor. Ara\u015ft\u0131rman\u0131n \u00f6znesi yani denek insan ise gazeteciler, insan deneklerin g\u00fcvenli\u011finin ve haklar\u0131n\u0131n korunmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamak amac\u0131yla ara\u015ft\u0131rmay\u0131 incelemek ve izlemekle g\u00f6revli bir grup olan Kurumsal \u0130nceleme Kurulu \u00fcyelerine g\u00f6nderilen ve onlardan g\u00f6nderilen raporlar\u0131n ve ileti\u015fimlerin kopyalar\u0131n\u0131 talep edebilirler diyor.<\/p>\n<p>Cohen, gazetecilerin devler okullar\u0131ndan ve \u00fcniversitelerden ara\u015ft\u0131rma fonlar\u0131yla ilgili kay\u0131tlar\u0131 ve fon verenlere iade edilen paralar\u0131 istemelerini \u00f6neriyor. Ulusal Sa\u011fl\u0131k Enstit\u00fcleri, biyomedikal ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar y\u00fcr\u00fctmek i\u00e7in federal hibe paras\u0131 alan kurulu\u015flar\u0131n<a rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/report.nih.gov\/award\/index.cfm\"> bir veri taban\u0131n\u0131 tutmakta.<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Cohen, &#8220;\u0130\u00e7inde oldu\u011funuz kurumlar\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131rmaya ba\u015flayabilirsiniz&#8221; diyor. &#8220;\u015e\u00fcpheci olun ve verilere ili\u015fkin sorular sorun, ara\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131z ki\u015filere de sorular sorun.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p><b>4-Ad\u0131n\u0131 gizli tutmak isteyen ihbarc\u0131lar\u0131n ve uzmanlar\u0131n kimliklerini koruyup koruyamayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 ve nas\u0131l koruyaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 edit\u00f6rlerinizle tart\u0131\u015f\u0131n<\/b><\/p>\n<p>PubPeer&#8217;e yorum b\u0131rakan veya di\u011fer \u00e7evrim i\u00e7i platformlardaki ara\u015ft\u0131rmalarla ilgili sorular soran bir\u00e7ok uzman, kimliklerinin bilinmesini istemedikleri i\u00e7in takma ad kullan\u0131rlar.<\/p>\n<p>Cohen, &#8220;\u00c7o\u011fu ki\u015finin takma ad kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 tahmin edebilirsiniz ancak son zamanlarda bu ki\u015filerden baz\u0131lar\u0131 ger\u00e7ek adlar\u0131yla ortaya \u00e7\u0131kabiliyor. \u00d6zellikle \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131 ele\u015ftirdi\u011fimiz insanlar anla\u015f\u0131laca\u011f\u0131 \u00fczere bazen buna \u00e7ok k\u0131z\u0131yorlar. Ama baz\u0131lar\u0131 da bizi dava ederken baz\u0131lar\u0131 da dava etmekle tehdit etti.\u201d diyor.<\/p>\n<p>Oransky, bilimsel hafiyelerin anonim kalmas\u0131na izin verme konusunda hi\u00e7bir sorunu olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yledi. Endi\u015felerini ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 olarak a\u00e7\u0131klayabilir ve gazetecilere kan\u0131tlar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6sterebilirler. Her kaynakta oldu\u011fu gibi, gazetecilerin haber yapmadan \u00f6nce anonim bir kaynaktan ald\u0131klar\u0131 bilgileri kontrol etmeleri ve ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z olarak onaylamalar\u0131 gerekir. Anonim kalmak isteyenleri de anlamak gerekiyor.<\/p>\n<p><i>Yaz\u0131n\u0131n orjinali <\/i><a rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/journalistsresource.org\/media\/how-to-cover-academic-research-fraud-errors-webinar\/\"><i>ilk olarak <\/i><\/a><a rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/journalistsresource.org\/\"><i>The Journalist\u2019s Resource<\/i><\/a> <i>\u2018da yay\u0131nland\u0131, izin al\u0131narak yeniden GIJN sayfas\u0131nda payla\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Stil ve netlik i\u00e7in minik d\u00fczenlemeler yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/i><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/gijn.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Denise-Marie-Ordway.jpeg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-937315 alignleft\" src=\"https:\/\/gijn.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Denise-Marie-Ordway.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"126\" height=\"126\" srcset=\"https:\/\/gijn.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Denise-Marie-Ordway.jpeg 400w, https:\/\/gijn.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Denise-Marie-Ordway-140x140.jpeg 140w, https:\/\/gijn.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Denise-Marie-Ordway-336x336.jpeg 336w, https:\/\/gijn.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Denise-Marie-Ordway-60x60.jpeg 60w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 126px) 100vw, 126px\" \/><\/a><a rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/journalistsresource.org\/author\/denise-marie\/\"><b><i>Denise-Marie Ordway<\/i><\/b><\/a> <i>Orlando Sentinel ve Philadelphia Inquirer dahil olmak \u00fczere ABD ve Orta Amerika&#8217;daki gazete ve radyo istasyonlar\u0131nda muhabir olarak \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131ktan sonra 2015 y\u0131l\u0131nda The Journalist&#8217;s Resource&#8217;a kat\u0131ld\u0131. \u00c7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 USA TODAY, The New York Times, Chicago Tribune ve The Washington Post gibi yay\u0131nlarda yer ald\u0131.<\/i><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Akademik ara\u015ft\u0131rmalarda yap\u0131lan hatalar\u0131 ve sahtekarl\u0131klar\u0131 ele almak, izlemek ve takip etmek i\u00e7in \u00fc\u00e7 uzmandan \u00f6neriler yer al\u0131yor.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3031167,"featured_media":1337344,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_price":"","_stock":"","_tribe_ticket_header":"","_tribe_default_ticket_provider":"","_tribe_ticket_capacity":"0","_ticket_start_date":"","_ticket_end_date":"","_tribe_ticket_show_description":"","_tribe_ticket_show_not_going":false,"_tribe_ticket_use_global_stock":"","_tribe_ticket_global_stock_level":"","_global_stock_mode":"","_global_stock_cap":"","_tribe_rsvp_for_event":"","_tribe_ticket_going_count":"","_tribe_ticket_not_going_count":"","_tribe_tickets_list":"[]","_tribe_ticket_has_attendee_info_fields":false,"republication-tracker-tool-hide-widget":false,"footnotes":"","_tec_slr_enabled":"","_tec_slr_layout":""},"categories":[23206],"tags":[22390,22381,23883,23884,23885],"gijn_topic":[18933],"series":[],"gijn_language":[],"gijn_region":[],"class_list":["post-1337342","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-hikayeler","tag-akademik-arastirma-tr","tag-akademik-dergiler","tag-akademik-hatalar","tag-akademik-sahtekarliklar","tag-intihal","gijn_topic-arastirma-ipuclari-ve-araclar"],"acf":[],"ticketed":false,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/gijn.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1337342","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/gijn.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/gijn.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gijn.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3031167"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gijn.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1337342"}],"version-history":[{"count":35,"href":"https:\/\/gijn.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1337342\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1340955,"href":"https:\/\/gijn.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1337342\/revisions\/1340955"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gijn.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1337344"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/gijn.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1337342"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gijn.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1337342"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gijn.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1337342"},{"taxonomy":"gijn_topic","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gijn.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/gijn_topic?post=1337342"},{"taxonomy":"series","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gijn.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/series?post=1337342"},{"taxonomy":"gijn_language","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gijn.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/gijn_language?post=1337342"},{"taxonomy":"gijn_region","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gijn.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/gijn_region?post=1337342"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}