{"id":1301180,"date":"2021-07-30T04:36:13","date_gmt":"2021-07-30T08:36:13","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/gijn.org\/?p=1301180"},"modified":"2024-01-30T04:39:28","modified_gmt":"2024-01-30T09:39:28","slug":"devletinizin-satin-aldigi-casus-teknolojisini-ortaya-cikarmanin-ipuclari","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/gijn.org\/tr\/kaynak\/devletinizin-satin-aldigi-casus-teknolojisini-ortaya-cikarmanin-ipuclari\/","title":{"rendered":"Devletinizin Sat\u0131n Ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 Casus Teknolojisini Ortaya \u00c7\u0131karman\u0131n \u0130pu\u00e7lar\u0131"},"content":{"rendered":"\r\n

Haziran ay\u0131nda,\u00a0Fransa’daki Paris Yarg\u0131 Mahkemesi,<\/a>\u00a0gazetecilerin bask\u0131c\u0131 rejimlere teknoloji satt\u0131klar\u0131 iddias\u0131yla ilgili a\u00e7\u0131klamalar\u0131n ard\u0131ndan\u00a0iki g\u00f6zetim \u015firketinden d\u00f6rt y\u00f6netici\u00a0Libya ve M\u0131s\u0131r’da i\u015fkenceye su\u00e7 ortakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 yapt\u0131klar\u0131 su\u00e7lamas\u0131yla\u00a0su\u00e7land\u0131lar<\/a>. The Wall Street Journal muhabirleri<\/a>, Libya’n\u0131n ithal casus teknolojilerini, Trablus’taki terk edilmi\u015f g\u00f6zetim merkezini arayan d\u0131\u015f yaz\u0131\u015fmalar yoluyla ke\u015ffetti. Muammer Kaddafi rejimi \u00e7\u00f6kerken, Frans\u0131z T\u00e9l\u00e9rama gazetesi muhabiri Olivier Tesquet, M\u0131s\u0131r’\u0131n El-Sissi rejimine casus yaz\u0131l\u0131m<\/a> sat\u0131\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131rmak i\u00e7in ihracat lisanslar\u0131n\u0131 ve h\u00fck\u00fcmet s\u00f6zle\u015fmelerini ara\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

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Amesys ve Nexa Technologies’in dahil oldu\u011fu her iki \u015firket de su\u00e7lamalar\u0131 reddetti<\/a>. Ancak g\u00f6zetleme bek\u00e7ileri i\u00e7in vakalar, dijital izleme ve m\u00fcdahale teknolojilerinin sat\u0131\u015f\u0131 ve transferinde k\u00fcresel bir patlaman\u0131n tehlikelerinin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra hesap verebilirlik i\u00e7in b\u00fcy\u00fcme potansiyelini vurguluyor. D\u00fcnyan\u0131n her yerinde, otoriter h\u00fck\u00fcmetlerin bask\u0131 i\u00e7in geli\u015fmi\u015f casus yaz\u0131l\u0131mlar edindi\u011fine dair alarm<\/a> zilleri \u00e7al\u0131yor. Ve demokratik h\u00fck\u00fcmetler, su\u00e7 azaltma, ulusal g\u00fcvenlik veya COVID-19 takibi kisvesi alt\u0131nda istilac\u0131 g\u00f6zetim teknolojilerini kullan\u0131yor. <\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

\u201c\u00d6rne\u011fin, her iki \u00fclkede de faaliyet g\u00f6steren \u015firketlerin ne yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 anlamak i\u00e7in ABD kamu kay\u0131tlar\u0131n\u0131 kullanan daha fazla uluslararas\u0131 muhabir g\u00f6rmeyi \u00e7ok isterim.\u201d\u00a0\u2014 Electronic Frontier Foundation’dan Beryl Lipton<\/em><\/strong><\/p><\/blockquote>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Bu multi-milyar dolarl\u0131k end\u00fcstri, insan haklar\u0131, mahremiyet ve gazetecilerin gizli kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131 koruma yetenekleri \u00fczerinde geni\u015f kapsaml\u0131 sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 olan d\u00fczinelerce teknoloji firmas\u0131, su\u00e7 orta\u011f\u0131 h\u00fck\u00fcmetler ve gizli anla\u015fmalar\u0131 i\u00e7eriyor.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131 muhabirler, h\u00fck\u00fcmetlerinin karanl\u0131k g\u00f6zetim pazar\u0131nda hangi teknolojileri sat\u0131n ald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve bu dijital ara\u00e7lar\u0131 bask\u0131 veya ayr\u0131mc\u0131l\u0131k i\u00e7in k\u00f6t\u00fcye kullan\u0131p kullanmad\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 nas\u0131l \u00f6\u011frenebilirler?<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

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Resim: Shutterstock<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

\u0130nsan haklar\u0131 gruplar\u0131\u00a0, bu teknolojilerin k\u00fcresel yay\u0131l\u0131m\u0131\u00a0konusunda \u015fimdiden\u00a0\u00f6nemli i\u015fler yapt\u0131<\/a>\u00a0. Temmuz ay\u0131nda, \u0130ngiltere merkezli ara\u015ft\u0131rma ajans\u0131\u00a0Forensic Architecture<\/a>\u00a0,\u00a0Uluslararas\u0131 Af \u00d6rg\u00fct\u00fc<\/a>\u00a0ve\u00a0Citizen Lab<\/a>\u00a0ile ortakla\u015fa\u00a0\u00e7al\u0131\u015farak, k\u00f6t\u00fc \u015f\u00f6hretli Pegasus casus yaz\u0131l\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n d\u00fcnya \u00e7ap\u0131ndaki h\u00fck\u00fcmetlere sat\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 haritalayan\u00a0Dijital \u015eiddet platformu ad\u0131 verilen<\/a>\u00a0g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir etkile\u015fimli izleme arac\u0131 yay\u0131nlad\u0131. Ayr\u0131ca\u00a0, vir\u00fcsl\u00fc bir telefondan gizlice arama, e-posta ve ileti\u015fim verilerini \u00e7\u0131karabilen<\/a>\u00a0bu sistemin da\u011f\u0131t\u0131m\u0131n\u0131, d\u00fcnyan\u0131n d\u00f6rt bir yan\u0131ndaki sivil haklar savunucular\u0131na ve gazetecilere y\u00f6nelik dijital sald\u0131r\u0131lara ve hatta ard\u0131ndan gelen baz\u0131 fiziksel suistimallere ba\u011fl\u0131yor.\u00a0<\/a><\/a><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

GIJN ile yap\u0131lan r\u00f6portajlarda, g\u00f6zetlemeyle ilgili ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131 gazeteciler ve ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar, anla\u015fmalar\u0131n gizli do\u011fas\u0131na ra\u011fmen, bu sat\u0131n almalara ili\u015fkin ipu\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n genellikle a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc s\u00f6yl\u00fcyor.\u00a0Bunun nedeni k\u0131smen, \u00f6zel sekt\u00f6r sat\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n \u00fcr\u00fcnlerini pazarlamak istemeleri ve en rahats\u0131z edici olan da, baz\u0131 otoriter yetkililerin bu teknolojilerin tamamen fark\u0131ndal\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n, kendilerinin bir t\u00fcr otosans\u00fcre yol a\u00e7abilece\u011fine inanmalar\u0131 nedeniyle, g\u00f6zetimle ilgili kronik bir d\u00fczenleme eksikli\u011fi.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Baz\u0131 h\u00fck\u00fcmetlerde g\u00f6zetim tedarik anla\u015fmalar\u0131 yasal ve su\u00e7la m\u00fccadele ama\u00e7l\u0131d\u0131r;\u00a0baz\u0131lar\u0131 yasa d\u0131\u015f\u0131d\u0131r ve muhaliflere ve gazetecilere zulmetmeyi ama\u00e7lar;\u00a0ve baz\u0131lar\u0131 bunlar\u0131n bir kombinasyonudur.\u00a0Ne olursa olsun, gazetecilerin kimin neye sahip oldu\u011funu nas\u0131l de\u011ferlendireceklerini bilmeleri gerekir.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

“Kontrol edilmedi\u011finde, g\u00f6zetim \u015firketlerinin faaliyetleri ciddi insan haklar\u0131 ihlallerini ve bask\u0131y\u0131 kolayla\u015ft\u0131rabilir.”\u00a0\u2013Uluslararas\u0131 Af \u00d6rg\u00fct\u00fc’nden Rasha Abdul Rahim<\/p><\/blockquote>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Tesquet’in habercilik yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131 geleneksel muckraking’e dayan\u0131yordu.\u00a0Libya’ya casus yaz\u0131l\u0131m sat\u0131\u015flar\u0131yla ilgili 2013 y\u0131l\u0131nda Fransa’da y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclen bir adli soru\u015fturman\u0131n y\u00fczlerce sayfal\u0131k d\u00f6k\u00fcmlerini kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, bir \u015firket \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan\u0131n\u0131n “M\u0131s\u0131r”dan bahsetti\u011fini fark etti ve bu referans\u0131 ba\u015fka bir raporun ekinde y\u00f6netici e-posta yaz\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131na ba\u011flad\u0131.\u00a0Tesquet, \u015firketin ad\u0131n\u0131 sessizce de\u011fi\u015ftirdi\u011fini ve iddiaya g\u00f6re, \u015fimdi “Cerebro” olarak yeniden adland\u0131r\u0131lan ayn\u0131 casus yaz\u0131l\u0131m sistemini,\u00a0Libya’da daha \u00f6nce k\u00f6t\u00fcye kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131na dair iddialara ra\u011fmen,\u00a0bask\u0131c\u0131 h\u00fck\u00fcmetlere satmaya devam etti\u011fini ke\u015ffetti\u00a0.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

\u201c Gijn verdi\u011fi r\u00f6portajda, Tesquet iddialar\u0131 – Devam eden i\u015f yoktu anla\u015f\u0131lan Birle\u015fik Arap Emirlikleri Bu ana \u015firket kullan\u0131larak, onlar el-Sissi onlar Kaddafi sat\u0131lan tam ayn\u0131 sistem, sat\u0131lan\u201d.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Deneyimli ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131 muhabir daha sonra bir Frans\u0131z \u015firketinin, bir d\u00fczine yabanc\u0131 h\u00fck\u00fcmete m\u00fcdahale teknolojilerinin sat\u0131\u015f\u0131 i\u00e7in ihracat lisans\u0131 ba\u015fvurusunda bulundu\u011funu tespit etti. Ayr\u0131ca, di\u011fer muhabirlerin \u00e7evrimi\u00e7i aramalar\u0131na yard\u0131mc\u0131 olan, h\u00fck\u00fcmetlerin bu g\u00f6zetim teknolojisi anla\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131 ararken kulland\u0131klar\u0131 dil t\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc ortaya \u00e7\u0131karan tedarik s\u00f6zle\u015fmelerinin kopyalar\u0131n\u0131 da elde etti: \u201cBir IP m\u00fcdahale sisteminin uygulanmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayan hizmetlerin sa\u011flanmas\u0131. ter\u00f6rist veya di\u011fer su\u00e7 faaliyetleriyle m\u00fccadele. \u201d Circles yaz\u0131l\u0131m\u0131 , ev kablosuz a\u011f\u0131n\u0131n telefonun dola\u015f\u0131mda oldu\u011funa inanmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayarak bir telefonun yakla\u015f\u0131k konumunu saniyeler i\u00e7inde belirleyebilir.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Bug\u00fcne kadar, g\u00f6zetim ihracat\u0131n\u0131n k\u00f6t\u00fcye kullan\u0131lmas\u0131na ili\u015fkin kurumsal hesap verebilirlik<\/a> nadirdi.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

\u0130ddianamelerin tepki<\/a> AMESYS ve Nexa y\u00f6neticilerinin , Rasha Abd\u00fcl Rahim, Uluslararas\u0131 Af \u00d6rg\u00fct\u00fc, Amnesty Tech direkt\u00f6r\u00fc s\u00f6yledi\u011fi: \u201ciddianameler emsalsizdir. Kontrol edilmedi\u011finde, g\u00f6zetim \u015firketlerinin faaliyetleri ciddi insan haklar\u0131 ihlallerini ve bask\u0131y\u0131 kolayla\u015ft\u0131rabilir.\u201d<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Tesquet, “Bir deneme, otoriter rejimlerle i\u015f yapan \u015firketlere \u00f6nemli bir mesaj g\u00f6nderir” diyor. <\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

G\u00f6zetim Anla\u015fmalar\u0131na \u0130li\u015fkin \u0130pu\u00e7lar\u0131 Nerede Bulunur?<\/h4>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

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Carnegie AI K\u00fcresel G\u00f6zetim Endeksi’ne g\u00f6re, en az 75 ulusal h\u00fck\u00fcmet, toplu g\u00f6zetleme i\u00e7in yapay zeka teknolojilerini aktif olarak kullan\u0131yor. Resim: Ekran g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcs\u00fc<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Freedom House’da k\u0131demli bir ara\u015ft\u0131rma analisti olan Allie Funk, h\u00fck\u00fcmetlerin<\/a> vatanda\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 izlemek i\u00e7in COVID-19 pandemisinden nas\u0131l yararland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6steren ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar da<\/a> dahil olmak \u00fczere insan haklar\u0131na ve hesap verebilirli\u011fe y\u00f6nelik dijital tehditler hakk\u0131nda birka\u00e7 \u00f6nemli rapor<\/a> haz\u0131rlad\u0131 .<\/a><\/a><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Funk, muhabirlerin d\u00f6rt temel alana giren teknolojileri aramas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6neriyor: <\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n