{"id":1234246,"date":"2023-10-10T10:08:57","date_gmt":"2023-10-10T14:08:57","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/gijn.org\/?p=1234246"},"modified":"2023-10-10T10:11:04","modified_gmt":"2023-10-10T14:11:04","slug":"savas-suclarini-belgelemenin-gucu-ve-bunun-nasil-yapilacagina-yonelik-ipuclari","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/gijn.org\/tr\/hikayeler\/savas-suclarini-belgelemenin-gucu-ve-bunun-nasil-yapilacagina-yonelik-ipuclari\/","title":{"rendered":"Sava\u015f Su\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 Belgelemeye Y\u00f6nelik \u0130pu\u00e7lar\u0131!"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Ukrayna&#8217;da ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lan zul\u00fcmlerden Bosna sava\u015f\u0131ndaki su\u00e7lular\u0131n yarg\u0131lanmas\u0131na kadar, gazetecili\u011fin sava\u015f su\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131rma i\u015fi, hesap verebilirli\u011fi m\u00fcmk\u00fcn k\u0131lmak i\u00e7in \u00e7ok \u00f6nemli. El yordam\u0131yla \u00e7ekilen bir zulm\u00fcn foto\u011fraf\u0131 daha sonra sava\u015f su\u00e7lular\u0131n\u0131 mahkemeye \u00e7\u0131karacak belgesel bir kan\u0131t haline gelebilir. Bir Rus askerinin enkaza at\u0131lm\u0131\u015f akll\u0131 telefonunu bulmak Ukraynal\u0131 \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n bir k\u00f6yden s\u00fcr\u00fclmesi emrini kimin verdi\u011finin tespit edilmesini sa\u011flayabilir.<\/p>\n<aside>&#8220;Yasa d\u0131\u015f\u0131 vah\u015fetin i\u015flenip i\u015flenmedi\u011fini belirlemeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rken en az\u0131ndan temel ilkeleri anlamak \u00e7ok \u00f6nemli.&#8221;\u00a0\u2014 Bellingcat dijital ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131s\u0131 Nick Waters<\/aside>\n<p><a rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/gijc2023.org\/\">13. K\u00fcresel Ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131 Gazetecilik Konferans\u0131<\/a>&#8216;n\u0131n (#GIJC23) &#8220;<a rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/gijc23.sched.com\/event\/1OHjF\/investigating-war-crimes?iframe=no&amp;w=100%25&amp;sidebar=yes&amp;bg=no\">Sava\u015f Su\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 Ara\u015ft\u0131rmak<\/a>&#8221; ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 panelinde Bosna Hersek&#8217;teki<a rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/birn.eu.com\/network\/birn-bosnia-and-herzegovina\/\"> Balkan Ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131 Gazetecilik A\u011f\u0131<\/a>&#8216;n\u0131n (BIRN BiH) y\u00f6netici direkt\u00f6r\u00fc ve edit\u00f6r\u00fc <a rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/birn.eu.com\/people\/denis-dzidic\/\">Denis D\u017eidi\u0107<\/a>&#8216;in moderat\u00f6rl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde <a rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.slidstvo.info\/\">\u00a0Slidstvo.Info<\/a>&#8216;dan Ukraynal\u0131 gazeteci <a rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/_Y_a_n_i_n_a_\">Yanina Korniienko<\/a> yer ald\u0131. Bellingcat&#8217;in Suriye, Yemen ve Ukrayna \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131ndaki dijital ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131s\u0131 <a rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/N_Waters89\">Nick Waters<\/a>, \u00f6d\u00fcll\u00fc gazeteci ve <a rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/HRW\">\u0130nsan Haklar\u0131 \u0130zleme \u00d6rg\u00fct\u00fc<\/a>&#8216;n\u00fcn sava\u015f su\u00e7lar\u0131 ve insan haklar\u0131 ihlalleri ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131s\u0131 <a rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/Sophia_MJones\">Sophia Jones<\/a> ve <a rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/ronhaviv\">Ron Haviv<\/a> yer ald\u0131. D\u00fcnyan\u0131n \u00f6nde gelen foto muhabirlerinden ve VII Vakf\u0131&#8217;n\u0131n kurucusu olan Haviv&#8217;in foto\u011fraflar\u0131, yak\u0131nda yay\u0131nlanacak olan &#8220;<a rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/biographyofaphoto.com\/\">Biography of a Photo<\/a>&#8221; belgeselinde de anlat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00fczere, S\u0131rbistan sava\u015f\u0131ndaki sava\u015f su\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n kan\u0131tlanmas\u0131nda temel te\u015fkil etmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/gijn.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/war-crimes-1-scaled.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-1231586\" src=\"https:\/\/gijn.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/war-crimes-1-scaled.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1707\" srcset=\"https:\/\/gijn.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/war-crimes-1-scaled.jpg 2560w, https:\/\/gijn.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/war-crimes-1-336x224.jpg 336w, https:\/\/gijn.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/war-crimes-1-771x514.jpg 771w, https:\/\/gijn.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/war-crimes-1-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/gijn.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/war-crimes-1-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/gijn.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/war-crimes-1-2048x1365.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\" \/>G\u00f6rsel: Edvin Lundqvist \/ GIJN<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Haviv, D\u017eidi\u0107 ve Waters, bu ay\u0131n ba\u015flar\u0131nda yay\u0131nlanan, deneyimli gazeteci ve uzman\u0131n sava\u015fta neyin yasal oldu\u011fu, \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmayla ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131 cinsel \u015fiddet, soyk\u0131r\u0131m, zorla kaybetmeler, yasakl\u0131 ve k\u0131s\u0131tl\u0131 silahlar gibi konularda yaz\u0131lar kaleme ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 <a href=\"https:\/\/gijn.org\/gijn-reporters-guide-investigating-war-crimes\/\">GIJN&#8217;in Sava\u015f Su\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 Ara\u015ft\u0131rmak i\u00e7in Muhabir Rehberi<\/a>&#8216;ne de katk\u0131da bulundular.<\/p>\n<p><em>Uluslararas\u0131 \u0130nsanc\u0131l Hukuk<\/em>&#8216;a a\u015fina olmak, neyin yasal olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, hangi silahlar\u0131n yasakl\u0131 ve k\u0131s\u0131tl\u0131 oldu\u011funu bilmek, Bellingcat&#8217;ten Nick Waters&#8217;\u0131n \u0131srarla \u00fczerinde durdu\u011fu bir bilgiydi. &#8220;Yasad\u0131\u015f\u0131 zul\u00fcmlerin yap\u0131l\u0131p yap\u0131lmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 tespit etmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rken en az\u0131ndan temel ilkeleri anlamak \u00e7ok \u00f6nemlidir&#8221; dedi. &#8220;Bu yasalar alt\u0131nda bile, tamamen yasal olan olduk\u00e7a korkun\u00e7 \u015feyler olabilir.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>Bu bilgi gazetecilerin \u00f6nemli n\u00fcanslar\u0131 tespit etmesine olanak tan\u0131r. \u00d6rne\u011fin, yang\u0131n \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131c\u0131 bir silah olarak fosfor yasald\u0131r ancak zehirli dumanlar\u0131 t\u00fcnellerde d\u00fc\u015fmanlar\u0131 \u00f6ld\u00fcrmek i\u00e7in kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, kimyasal bir silah olarak kabul edilir ve yasa d\u0131\u015f\u0131d\u0131r. Baz\u0131 roketlerin \u00e7ok hassas olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, hangi birimlerin ne t\u00fcr top\u00e7u kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve belirli mermilerin hangi a\u00e7\u0131yla d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc\u011f\u00fc gibi silahlara a\u015fina olmak, belirli bir komutan\u0131n sava\u015f su\u00e7u te\u015fkil eden bir emir verip vermedi\u011fini ortaya \u00e7\u0131karabilecek bilgiler verecektir. . Waters&#8217;\u0131n payla\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 en \u00f6nemli ipucu, bir sava\u015f b\u00f6lgesinde patlay\u0131c\u0131 m\u00fchimmat ekibinin g\u00fcvenli oldu\u011funu onaylamad\u0131\u011f\u0131 hi\u00e7bir \u015feye asla m\u00fcdahale etmemektir. Veya daha a\u00e7\u0131k bir \u015fekilde ifade etti\u011fi gibi: &#8220;<a rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/x.com\/maxharlow\/status\/1704473953379418332?s=20\">E\u015fyalar\u0131 yerden almay\u0131n<\/a>.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>Sava\u015f su\u00e7lar\u0131 i\u015fleyen belirli Rus askerlerini ve komutanlar\u0131n\u0131 tespit etmek, Ukrayna&#8217;n\u0131n i\u015fgalinden bu yana Korniienko ve ekibinin g\u00fcnl\u00fck u\u011fra\u015f\u0131yd\u0131. Bir bu\u00e7uk y\u0131l s\u00fcren \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalardan sonra, Rus i\u015fgali alt\u0131ndaki bir \u015fehir kurtar\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ipu\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131racak bir metodoloji geli\u015ftirdiler.<\/p>\n<p>Ad\u0131mlar\u0131 a\u015fa\u011f\u0131da okuyabilirsiniz:<\/p>\n<p>1-Kurtar\u0131lm\u0131\u015f \u015fehirdeyseniz bir an \u00f6nce olay yerinden haber yaz\u0131n\u0131z.<br \/>\n2-Kur\u015funlar, belgeler, foto\u011fraflar, videolar ve di\u011fer fiziksel nesneler de dahil olmak \u00fczere yerden kan\u0131t toplay\u0131n ve belgeleyin.<br \/>\n3-Sava\u015f su\u00e7u i\u015flemi\u015f olabilecek Rus askerlerini ve i\u015f birlik\u00e7ileri tespit edin. Sosyal medya profilleri, veritabanlar\u0131 ve a\u00e7\u0131k kaynak ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131 \u00e7ok detayl\u0131 bilgiler verebilir.<br \/>\n4-Sava\u015f su\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n tan\u0131klar\u0131yla g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn ancak g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fclen t\u00fcm kaynaklar\u0131n g\u00fcvende oldu\u011fundan %100 emin olmadan yay\u0131nlamamaya dikkat edin.<\/p>\n<p>&#8220;Bunu ayn\u0131 zamanda d\u00fcnyaya bunun Putin&#8217;in sava\u015f\u0131 oldu\u011fu ve t\u00fcm bu askerlerin bunu yapmak istemedi\u011fi fikrini g\u00f6stermek i\u00e7in yap\u0131yoruz. Sosyal medyalar\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda y\u0131llard\u0131r Ukrayna&#8217;dan nefret ettiklerini g\u00f6r\u00fcyoruz\u201d dedi Korniienko. Bu sava\u015f\u0131n ani bir karar olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve Rus rejiminin uzun s\u00fcredir Rus halk\u0131 aras\u0131nda Ukrayna&#8217;ya kar\u015f\u0131 nefreti besledi\u011fini kan\u0131tlayacakt\u0131 &#8221; diyor Korniienko.<\/p>\n<p>Jones ayr\u0131ca <a rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.slidstvo.info\/\">Slidstvo.Info<\/a> ekibinin yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi yerinde ara\u015ft\u0131rmayla birle\u015ftirilmesini \u00f6nerdi\u011fi a\u00e7\u0131k kaynak ara\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nemini de vurgulad\u0131. Ayr\u0131ca muhabirlerin \u201c<a rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ohchr.org\/sites\/default\/files\/2022-04\/OHCHR_BerkeleyProtocol.pdf\">Dijital A\u00e7\u0131k Kaynak Ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131na \u0130li\u015fkin Berkeley Protokol\u00fc<\/a>\u201dn\u00fc ba\u015ftan sona okumalar\u0131n\u0131 da \u00f6nerdi.<\/p>\n<p>Jones&#8217;un payla\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 be\u015f \u00f6nemli ipucu \u015f\u00f6yle:<\/p>\n<p>1)A\u00e7\u0131k kaynak ara\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131n\u0131n temellerini anlay\u0131n.<br \/>\n2) Yeni ara\u00e7 ve teknolojilere a\u015fina olun.<br \/>\n3) Mola verin ve zihinsel sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131za \u00f6ncelik verin.<br \/>\n4) Bulgular\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 belgeleyin ve i\u015f ak\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 standartla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131n. Ar\u015fivler olu\u015fturmak i\u00e7in elektronik tablolar\u0131 kullan\u0131n.<br \/>\n5) Kan\u0131tlar\u0131 korumak ve sorumlulu\u011fu en \u00fcst d\u00fczeye \u00e7\u0131karmak i\u00e7in ar\u015fivlenmi\u015f i\u015f ak\u0131\u015f\u0131na \u00f6ncelik verin.<\/p>\n<p>Toplanan kan\u0131tlar\u0131n \u00e7o\u011fu g\u00f6rsel olacakt\u0131r. Do\u011fru zamanda, do\u011fru yerde \u00e7ekilen foto\u011fraflar, su\u00e7 i\u015flendikten hemen sonra \u00e7ekilmi\u015f olsa bile sava\u015f su\u00e7lar\u0131 yarg\u0131lamalar\u0131nda kullan\u0131lacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>&#8220;Foto\u011fraf, sava\u015f su\u00e7unun ard\u0131ndan \u00e7ekilmi\u015f olsa da hala bir g\u00fcce sahip&#8221; diyen Haviv, \u015f\u00f6yle devam etti: Bu g\u00fcc\u00fcn ayn\u0131 zamanda baz\u0131 foto\u011fraf ve g\u00f6rsellerin \u00e7at\u0131\u015fma b\u00f6lgelerindeki insanlar\u0131n an\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131, kimliklerini ve onurlar\u0131n\u0131 koruyarak hayatlar\u0131n\u0131n ve toplumunun bir par\u00e7as\u0131 haline gelmelerine de uzand\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yl\u00fcyor.<\/p>\n<p>Sava\u015f su\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 belgeleyen t\u00fcm gazetecilik prati\u011fi i\u00e7in benzer s\u00f6zler s\u00f6ylenebilir. Sava\u015f s\u0131ras\u0131nda olup bitenlerle ilgili ger\u00e7e\u011fi ortaya \u00e7\u0131karmak, esasen toplumu in\u015fa etme ve koruma faaliyetidir \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc \u00e7o\u011fu sava\u015f su\u00e7lusu sonu\u00e7ta bir ya\u015fam bi\u00e7imini, yani ya\u015fayan, nefes alan bir k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc yok etmeye niyetlidir.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Sava\u015f su\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n haberle\u015ftirilmesi, hesap verebilirli\u011fin kap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7an kan\u0131tlar\u0131n olu\u015fturulmas\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan \u00f6nemlidir ancak ayn\u0131 zamanda bir toplumun haf\u0131zas\u0131n\u0131 ve onurunu korur.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3031167,"featured_media":1231609,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_price":"","_stock":"","_tribe_ticket_header":"","_tribe_default_ticket_provider":"","_tribe_ticket_capacity":"0","_ticket_start_date":"","_ticket_end_date":"","_tribe_ticket_show_description":"","_tribe_ticket_show_not_going":false,"_tribe_ticket_use_global_stock":"","_tribe_ticket_global_stock_level":"","_global_stock_mode":"","_global_stock_cap":"","_tribe_rsvp_for_event":"","_tribe_ticket_going_count":"","_tribe_ticket_not_going_count":"","_tribe_tickets_list":"[]","_tribe_ticket_has_attendee_info_fields":false,"republication-tracker-tool-hide-widget":false,"footnotes":"","_tec_slr_enabled":"","_tec_slr_layout":""},"categories":[23206],"tags":[],"gijn_topic":[22516],"series":[],"gijn_language":[],"gijn_region":[],"class_list":["post-1234246","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-hikayeler","gijn_topic-gijc23-3"],"acf":[],"ticketed":false,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/gijn.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1234246","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/gijn.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/gijn.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gijn.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3031167"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gijn.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1234246"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/gijn.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1234246\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1234298,"href":"https:\/\/gijn.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1234246\/revisions\/1234298"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gijn.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1231609"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/gijn.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1234246"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gijn.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1234246"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gijn.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1234246"},{"taxonomy":"gijn_topic","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gijn.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/gijn_topic?post=1234246"},{"taxonomy":"series","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gijn.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/series?post=1234246"},{"taxonomy":"gijn_language","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gijn.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/gijn_language?post=1234246"},{"taxonomy":"gijn_region","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gijn.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/gijn_region?post=1234246"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}