{"id":1233031,"date":"2023-10-01T07:37:20","date_gmt":"2023-10-01T11:37:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/gijn.org\/?p=1233031"},"modified":"2023-10-01T08:13:46","modified_gmt":"2023-10-01T12:13:46","slug":"yeni-organize-suc-suclulari-nasil-yakalariz-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/gijn.org\/tr\/hikayeler\/yeni-organize-suc-suclulari-nasil-yakalariz-2\/","title":{"rendered":"Yeni Organize Su\u00e7: Su\u00e7lular\u0131 Nas\u0131l Yakalar\u0131z?"},"content":{"rendered":"

Organize Su\u00e7 ve Yolsuzluk Raporlama Projesi (OCCRP) kurucu orta\u011f\u0131 Paul Radu<\/a>, \u0130sve\u00e7’te d\u00fczenlenen 13. K\u00fcresel Ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131 Gazetecilik Konferans\u0131<\/a>‘nda (#GIJC23) konuyla ilgili bir panelin moderat\u00f6rl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc yaparken, organize su\u00e7lar\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131rman\u0131n insan do\u011fas\u0131n\u0131 ke\u015ffetmek gibi oldu\u011funu ifade etti.<\/p>\n

Avrasya su\u00e7lar\u0131 ve s\u0131n\u0131r \u00f6tesi finansal planlar konusunda uzman olan Radu, organize su\u00e7un su\u00e7 faaliyetinden \u00e7ok daha fazlas\u0131 oldu\u011funu, bunun bir ya\u015fam tarz\u0131 oldu\u011funu a\u00e7\u0131klad\u0131. “B\u00fcy\u00fck bir servet biriktirmelerine ra\u011fmen bu su\u00e7lular \u00e7al\u0131nt\u0131 mal sat\u0131n almaya devam ediyor.”<\/p>\n

Panel, organize su\u00e7un son on y\u0131lda nas\u0131l geli\u015fti\u011fi ve ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131 gazetecilerin bu geli\u015fime ayak uydurmak i\u00e7in neler yapabilece\u011fi konusundaki g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flerini payla\u015fan deneyimli gazetecilerden olu\u015fuyordu. Anabel Hernandez<\/a> Meksika’da uyu\u015fturucu kartelleri ve h\u00fck\u00fcmet yetkilileri aras\u0131ndaki ba\u011flant\u0131lar\u0131 ortaya \u00e7\u0131karm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Bertil Lintner<\/a> Asya’n\u0131n ‘Alt\u0131n \u00dc\u00e7geni’nde organize su\u00e7 konusunda uzman ve yazar. IRPI Media<\/a> direkt\u00f6r\u00fc Giulio Rubino<\/a> ve IRPI k\u0131demli muhabiri Cecilia Anesi<\/a> \u0130talya’n\u0131n mafya gruplar\u0131n\u0131 kapsaml\u0131 bir \u015fekilde ele ald\u0131.<\/p>\n

Rubino, \u0130talya’n\u0131n organize su\u00e7 d\u00fcnyas\u0131nda meydana gelen ku\u015fak de\u011fi\u015fimini tart\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Bir zamanlar kurnaz ve etkili olan geleneksel mafya patronlar\u0131n\u0131n ya\u015fland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ya da yakaland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yl\u00fcyor. Bu bo\u015fluk daha gen\u00e7 bir neslin y\u00fckselmesine olanak sa\u011flad\u0131 her ne kadar bir\u00e7o\u011funun “\u00e7ekmecedeki en keskin b\u0131\u00e7ak olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131” belirtse de. \u0130talyan mafyas\u0131n\u0131n Kuzey Avrupa’daki baz\u0131 limanlar \u00fczerindeki kontrol\u00fcn\u00fcn Arnavutluk ve Fas’tan gelen gruplara ge\u00e7ti\u011fini ve bunun da de\u011fi\u015fen bir dinami\u011fe i\u015faret etti\u011fini s\u00f6zlerine ekledi.<\/p>\n

Rubino ayr\u0131ca su\u00e7 \u00f6rg\u00fctlerinin daha i\u015f odakl\u0131 bir yakla\u015f\u0131m benimsedi\u011fini belirtiyor. Uyu\u015fturucu ka\u00e7ak\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan elde ettikleri yasad\u0131\u015f\u0131 kazan\u00e7lar\u0131 gayrimenkule yat\u0131rmalar\u0131 soylula\u015ft\u0131rmaya neden oluyor ve kiralar\u0131 art\u0131r\u0131yor. Bu durumu ortaya \u00e7\u0131karmak i\u00e7in IRPI, Milano \u00dcniversitesi’ndeki bir d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce kurulu\u015fuyla i\u015f birli\u011fi yaparak \u00f6zellikle restoranlar gibi nakit bazl\u0131 i\u015fletmelerdeki ani sermaye art\u0131\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 tespit etmek i\u00e7in bir algoritma geli\u015ftirdi. Mafya ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131 i\u015fletmeleri tespit ederek, b\u00f6lgedeki halk\u0131n organize su\u00e7 kaynakl\u0131 soylula\u015ft\u0131rmadan nas\u0131l etkilendiklerini g\u00f6sterebildiler. Sonu\u00e7 olarak, b\u00f6lge sakinleri onlarla i\u015f birli\u011fi yapmaya istekli oldu.<\/p>\n

\"The<\/a>

Foto\u011fraf: Rocky Kistner\/GIJN<\/p><\/div>\n

Y\u0131llar\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fcnyan\u0131n en k\u00f6t\u00fc \u015f\u00f6hretli kartelleriyle m\u00fccadele ederek ge\u00e7irmi\u015f olan \u00fcnl\u00fc Meksikal\u0131 gazeteci Hernandez, organize su\u00e7lar\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131rman\u0131n su\u00e7 gruplar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6tesine bakmay\u0131 gerektirdi\u011fini vurguluyor. H\u00fck\u00fcmet unsurlar\u0131n\u0131n, i\u015f insanlar\u0131n\u0131n, bankalar\u0131n ve hatta b\u00fcy\u00fck uluslararas\u0131 \u015firketlerin \u00e7e\u015fitli su\u00e7 faaliyetlerinde su\u00e7 ortakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131na dikkat \u00e7ekiyor. Bu su\u00e7 \u00f6rg\u00fctleri uyu\u015fturucu ka\u00e7ak\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra insan ka\u00e7ak\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131, \u00e7evresel bozulma ve di\u011fer yasad\u0131\u015f\u0131 giri\u015fimlerde de yer almakta.<\/p>\n

“Sinaloa kartelini ara\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131m y\u0131llar boyunca, yarg\u0131 ve polis raporlar\u0131 da dahil olmak \u00fczere sadece resmi a\u00e7\u0131klamalara g\u00fcvenilmemesi gerekti\u011fini \u00f6\u011frendim \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc genellikle \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131 oluyor. Ger\u00e7ek hikayeyi ortaya \u00e7\u0131karmak i\u00e7in iki \u00f6nemli kayna\u011fa daha ba\u015fvurmam\u0131z gerekiyor,” diyor Hernandez.<\/p>\n

Ma\u011fdurlarla ve organize su\u00e7 \u00f6rg\u00fctlerinin \u00fcyeleriyle konu\u015fman\u0131n \u00f6nemini vurgulayan Radu, “Ger\u00e7ek ara\u015ft\u0131rma \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131, bulmacan\u0131n bu farkl\u0131 par\u00e7alar\u0131na sahip olduktan sonra ba\u015flar” diyor.<\/p>\n

Radu ayr\u0131ca profesyonelli\u011fin ve su\u00e7lulara yan\u0131t verme f\u0131rsat\u0131 sunman\u0131n gazetecilerin uzun s\u00fcreli bir ili\u015fki kurmas\u0131na yard\u0131mc\u0131 olabilece\u011fine dikkat \u00e7ekiyor ancak “gazeteciler bu \u00e7abada dikkatli olmal\u0131, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc su\u00e7lular kanal\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 rakiplerine sald\u0131rmak i\u00e7in kullanmak isteyebilir” uyar\u0131s\u0131nda bulunuyor.<\/p>\n

Lintner, Alt\u0131n \u00dc\u00e7gen’de su\u00e7lular ve \u00e7ete \u00fcyeleriyle ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 deneyimleri payla\u015ft. Bunlar\u0131n aras\u0131nda eski Triad lideri olan “K\u0131r\u0131k Di\u015f Koi” Wan Kuok-koi ile \u00c7in’deki bir hapishanede ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 unutulmaz kar\u015f\u0131la\u015fma da vard\u0131. “Bazen ne kadar a\u00e7\u0131k olabildiklerine \u015fa\u015f\u0131r\u0131rs\u0131n\u0131z” diyen Lintner, gazetecilerin bu t\u00fcr yolculuklara \u00e7\u0131kmadan \u00f6nce her zaman kendilerinin ve kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131n g\u00fcvenli\u011fini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmeleri gerekti\u011fini de s\u00f6zlerine ekliyor.<\/p>\n

Lintner, organize su\u00e7lar\u0131 takip etmek i\u00e7in favori ara\u00e7lardan bahsederken, bu t\u00fcr su\u00e7lar\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131rmak i\u00e7in \u00e7ok fazla \u00f6zel yaz\u0131l\u0131m olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yl\u00fcyor.\u00a0 “Ancak donan\u0131m \u00e7ok \u00f6nemli” diyor. “Sokaklara \u00e7\u0131k\u0131n, insanlarla konu\u015fun ve sahada bulunun” tavsiyesinde bulunuyor. STK’larla, yerel halkla ve su\u00e7a kar\u015f\u0131 harekete ge\u00e7me g\u00fcc\u00fcne sahip olmasa da durum hakk\u0131nda de\u011ferli bilgilere sahip ve payla\u015fmaya istekli bireylerle etkile\u015fim kurun.<\/p>\n

IRPI k\u0131demli muhabiri Anesi, \u0130talya’daki su\u00e7 \u00f6rg\u00fctlerinin s\u00fcrekli geli\u015fmesine ra\u011fmen ana gelirlerinin hala kokain ka\u00e7ak\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 oldu\u011funu s\u00f6yl\u00fcyor. Anesi ayr\u0131ca Calabria’da aktif olan ‘Ndrangheta gibi \u00f6rg\u00fctleri ara\u015ft\u0131rman\u0131n ve i\u00e7lerine s\u0131zman\u0131n zorluklar\u0131n\u0131 da \u015f\u00f6yle anlat\u0131yor: “Birini yedinci o\u011ful oldu\u011funuza ikna etmek zordur.”<\/p>\n

Anesi ayr\u0131ca birden fazla dil bilen ve teknoloji merakl\u0131s\u0131 sofistike simsarlar\u0131n ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve bunun da organize su\u00e7un \u00e7ehresini de\u011fi\u015ftirdi\u011fini belirtiyor. Anesi’nin IRPI ekibinin ke\u015ffetti\u011fi \u00f6zellikle dikkat \u00e7ekici bir e\u011filim, su\u00e7 \u00f6rg\u00fctlerinin, organize su\u00e7 gruplar\u0131n\u0131n tahvil gibi finansal ara\u00e7lara yat\u0131r\u0131m yapmas\u0131na olanak tan\u0131yan sahte bankac\u0131l\u0131k lisanslar\u0131na<\/a> sahip, genellikle offshore vergi cennetlerinde kay\u0131tl\u0131 paravan \u015firketler kullanmas\u0131.<\/p>\n

Geleneksel ara\u015ft\u0131rma \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nemini vurgulayan Anesi, su\u00e7 \u00f6rg\u00fctlerinin izini s\u00fcrmenin yenilik\u00e7i bir yolu olarak Paradise ve Pandora Belgeleri gibi s\u0131z\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131 \u00f6rnek olarak g\u00f6steriyor.<\/p>\n

“S\u0131z\u0131nt\u0131lar yasad\u0131\u015f\u0131 paran\u0131n \u0130svi\u00e7re ve di\u011fer \u00fclkeler \u00fczerinden d\u00fcnya \u00e7ap\u0131ndaki gayrimenkul yat\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131n ak\u0131\u015f\u0131na \u0131\u015f\u0131k tutuyor. Organize su\u00e7lar uluslararas\u0131 alanda faaliyet g\u00f6sterdi\u011finden, gazeteciler de s\u0131n\u0131r \u00f6tesinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmal\u0131” diyor.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Be\u015f uzman gazeteci s\u00fcrekli geli\u015fen organize su\u00e7 d\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131rmaya y\u00f6nelik yakla\u015f\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131 payla\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3031167,"featured_media":1231354,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_price":"","_stock":"","_tribe_ticket_header":"","_tribe_default_ticket_provider":"","_tribe_ticket_capacity":"0","_ticket_start_date":"","_ticket_end_date":"","_tribe_ticket_show_description":"","_tribe_ticket_show_not_going":false,"_tribe_ticket_use_global_stock":"","_tribe_ticket_global_stock_level":"","_global_stock_mode":"","_global_stock_cap":"","_tribe_rsvp_for_event":"","_tribe_ticket_going_count":"","_tribe_ticket_not_going_count":"","_tribe_tickets_list":"[]","_tribe_ticket_has_attendee_info_fields":false,"republication-tracker-tool-hide-widget":false,"footnotes":"","_tec_slr_enabled":"","_tec_slr_layout":""},"categories":[23206],"tags":[22375,19863,19968,22538],"gijn_topic":[22516],"series":[],"gijn_language":[],"gijn_region":[],"class_list":["post-1233031","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-hikayeler","tag-gijc23-tr","tag-occrp-tr","tag-organize-suc-tr","tag-uyusturucu-kacakciligi","gijn_topic-gijc23-3"],"acf":[],"ticketed":false,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/gijn.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1233031","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/gijn.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/gijn.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gijn.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3031167"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gijn.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1233031"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/gijn.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1233031\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1233035,"href":"https:\/\/gijn.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1233031\/revisions\/1233035"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gijn.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1231354"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/gijn.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1233031"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gijn.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1233031"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gijn.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1233031"},{"taxonomy":"gijn_topic","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gijn.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/gijn_topic?post=1233031"},{"taxonomy":"series","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gijn.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/series?post=1233031"},{"taxonomy":"gijn_language","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gijn.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/gijn_language?post=1233031"},{"taxonomy":"gijn_region","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gijn.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/gijn_region?post=1233031"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}