{"id":1232475,"date":"2023-09-28T08:21:48","date_gmt":"2023-09-28T12:21:48","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/gijn.org\/?p=1232475"},"modified":"2023-09-28T08:35:00","modified_gmt":"2023-09-28T12:35:00","slug":"demokrasiye-karsi-yaklasan-5-tehdit-ve-bunlari-ortaya-cikarmak-icin-ipuclari","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/gijn.org\/tr\/hikayeler\/demokrasiye-karsi-yaklasan-5-tehdit-ve-bunlari-ortaya-cikarmak-icin-ipuclari\/","title":{"rendered":"Demokrasiye Kar\u015f\u0131 Yakla\u015fan 5 Tehdit ve Bunlar\u0131 Ortaya \u00c7\u0131karmak \u0130\u00e7in \u0130pu\u00e7lar\u0131"},"content":{"rendered":"

Observer’\u0131n ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131 muhabiri ve\u00a0Facebook-Cambridge Analytica veri skandal\u0131n\u0131 if\u015fa eden Guardian ve Pulitzer \u00d6d\u00fcl\u00fc finalisti\u00a0<\/a>Carole Cadwalladr <\/a>13. K\u00fcresel Ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131 Gazetecilik Konferans\u0131’nda<\/a> (#GIJC23) se\u00e7imlerin ara\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131na ili\u015fkin konu\u015ftu\u011fu panel s\u0131ras\u0131nda endi\u015fe verici bir g\u00f6zlemini payla\u015ft\u0131. \u00d6n\u00fcm\u00fczdeki 18 ay i\u00e7inde d\u00fcnyan\u0131n yar\u0131s\u0131 sand\u0131k ba\u015f\u0131na gidecek ve ayn\u0131 zamanda bu inan\u0131lmaz derecede g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc yeni ara\u00e7lar kullan\u0131ma sunulacak.<\/p>\n

Panelin moderat\u00f6rl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc Kenyal\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131 gazeteci ve\u00a0Africa Uncensored<\/a>\u00a0CEO’su\u00a0John-Allan Namu<\/a> \u00fcstleniyor. Aralar\u0131nda Columbia \u00dcniversitesi Tow Dijital Gazetecilik Merkezi<\/a>\u00a0K\u0131demli Ara\u015ft\u0131rma G\u00f6revlisi\u00a0Priyanjana Bengani<\/a>\u00a0ve\u00a0UOL k\u00f6\u015fe yazar\u0131 ve Brezilyal\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131\u00a0Juliana dal Piva<\/a>\u00a0da bulunuyor. CLIP\u00a0(Latin Amerika Ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131 Gazetecilik Merkezi)<\/a>\u00a0\u00f6zg\u00fcr ve adil se\u00e7imlere y\u00f6nelik en b\u00fcy\u00fck tehditlerden baz\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 ve gazetecilerin nas\u0131l kar\u015f\u0131 koyabileceklerini tart\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n

Demokrasiye Y\u00f6nelik 5 B\u00fcy\u00fck Tehdit<\/b><\/p>\n

Oturum s\u0131ras\u0131nda konu\u015fmac\u0131lar, t\u00fcm d\u00fcnyada \u00f6zg\u00fcr ve adil se\u00e7imlere y\u00f6nelik “be\u015f b\u00fcy\u00fck” tehdit olarak adland\u0131rd\u0131klar\u0131 konular\u0131 ele ald\u0131lar.<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. Yapay zeka ve teknoloji \u015firketleri.\u00a0<\/b>Yapay zekan\u0131n ilk kay\u0131plar\u0131ndan biri ger\u00e7e\u011fe ve kan\u0131ta dayal\u0131 habercilik olacak. \u201cSe\u00e7imler tekil bir olay oldu\u011fundan teknolojik bozulmay\u0131 h\u0131zland\u0131r\u0131r. Bu s\u0131f\u0131r toplaml\u0131 bir oyun, motive olmu\u015f akt\u00f6rleriniz var, \u00e7ok paran\u0131z var ve farkl\u0131 \u015feyler deneyip neyin i\u015fe yarad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6rme yetene\u011finiz var” diyor Cadwalladr. X (eski ad\u0131yla Twitter) ve Facebook gibi sosyal medya \u015firketleri, ge\u00e7mi\u015f se\u00e7imlerde uygulad\u0131klar\u0131 filtreleri ortadan kald\u0131rarak otoriter propagandaya ve yanl\u0131\u015f bilgilendirmeye olanak sa\u011flad\u0131.<\/li>\n
  2. Se\u00e7im odakl\u0131 ileti\u015fim \u015firketleri. <\/b>Yeni dezenformasyon ara\u00e7lar\u0131 son birka\u00e7 y\u0131ld\u0131r bir\u00e7ok \u00fclkede serbest se\u00e7imleri sekteye u\u011fratan ileti\u015fim \u015firketleri ve dan\u0131\u015fmanlarla ortaya \u00e7\u0131k\u0131yor. Onlar\u0131n taktik kitaplar\u0131 birinden di\u011ferine kopyalan\u0131yor. A\u015f\u0131r\u0131l\u0131k yanl\u0131s\u0131 adaylar ve kampanya dan\u0131\u015fmanl\u0131k \u015firketleri aras\u0131ndaki ba\u011flant\u0131lar\u0131 ortaya \u00e7\u0131karmak<\/a> i\u00e7in gazetecilerle i\u015f birli\u011fi yapan dal Piva, “Platformlar aras\u0131nda \u00e7ok para var, \u015feffafl\u0131k yok ve insanlar\u0131 yalan ve nefretle me\u015fgul ediyorlar” diye a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131yor.<\/li>\n
  3. Yank\u0131 odalar\u0131.\u00a0<\/b>S\u00f6ylendi\u011fi gibi en iyi yalan yar\u0131 ger\u00e7ektir. Bengani, ger\u00e7ekleri \u00e7arp\u0131tman\u0131n silaha d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fclmesinin sahte haberlerden daha etkili oldu\u011funu s\u00f6yl\u00fcyor. “Ayn\u0131 anlat\u0131y\u0131 ilerletmek i\u00e7in birden fazla taraf\u0131n birlikte veya koordinasyon i\u00e7inde \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir surround ses ekosistemi veya bir yank\u0131 odas\u0131 yaratma fikrine vard\u0131k” dedi. Bu gruplar televizyonda, \u0130nternet’te ve radyoda bunu \u00f6ne s\u00fcrerek insanlara ayn\u0131 \u015feyi tekrar tekrar dinletti\u011finde, bu anlat\u0131 ger\u00e7ek olan\u0131n temeli haline gelir ve kan\u0131ta dayal\u0131 habercili\u011fin bu kadar yayg\u0131n olmamas\u0131n\u0131n nedenlerinden biri de budur, mutlaka ikna edici bir ara\u00e7t\u0131r!<\/li>\n
  4. Otoriterler kaybettiklerinde de kazan\u0131rlar.\u00a0<\/b>Se\u00e7imleri sorgulamak ve halk\u0131n demokrasiye olan g\u00fcvenini sarsmak, otoriterlerin kaybederken bile kazanmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011fl\u0131yor.\u00a0\u201cKonu \u015fu anda se\u00e7imi kazanmakla ilgili de\u011fil.\u00a0Cadwalladr, “Trump’la ve \u015fimdi de Bolsonaro’yla bunun art\u0131k kilit oyun olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6rd\u00fck” dedi.\u00a0\u201cSe\u00e7im anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 yeniden \u015fekillendirmemiz gerekiyor.\u201d<\/li>\n
  5. Gazetecilere y\u00f6nelik cinsiyete dayal\u0131 \u015fiddet.\u00a0<\/b>Gazetecileri susturmak ve korkutmak i\u00e7in cinsiyete dayal\u0131 \u015fiddet kullanmak, otoriter liderlere ili\u015fkin en g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131 yay\u0131nlayanlar\u0131 hedef alman\u0131n bir yolu. Dal Piva, cinsel taciz ve ki\u015fisel bilgileri if\u015fa etme sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131na at\u0131fta bulunarak, “Bolsonaro’nun ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda \u00e7o\u011fu kad\u0131n olarak bizlerin hedef oldu\u011funu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyorum” dedi. “Biz kad\u0131nlar soru\u015fturma s\u00fcrecine \u00f6nc\u00fcl\u00fck ettik ve o da pe\u015fimizden geldi.”<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
    \n

    \"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

    Brezilyal\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131 muhabir Juliana dal Piva, demokrasiye y\u00f6nelik tehditler hakk\u0131nda GIJC23’e konu\u015fuyor.\u00a0Resim: GIJN i\u00e7in Heino Ollin<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

    Se\u00e7imleri Ara\u015ft\u0131rmak \u0130\u00e7in 10 \u0130pucu ve Ara\u00e7<\/b><\/p>\n

    Bengani, Cadwalladr ve dal Piva da politikac\u0131lar\u0131 ve se\u00e7imleri ara\u015ft\u0131rmaya y\u00f6nelik fikirleri ve en iyi uygulamalar\u0131 payla\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n

      \n
    1. K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck ad\u0131mlarla ba\u015flamaktan korkmay\u0131n. Kampanyalar\u0131n ve politikac\u0131lar\u0131n ilgi \u00e7ekici mali bilgilerine ula\u015fmak \u00e7ok zaman alabilir. Habercili\u011fin temellerini yap\u0131n ve sonunda mali belgelere ula\u015facaks\u0131n\u0131z. Dal Piva, hi\u00e7bir zaman kendisine b\u00fcy\u00fck bir s\u0131z\u0131nt\u0131 veren herhangi bir\u00a0 kayna\u011f\u0131n olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yledi. Hedef politikac\u0131n\u0131n ortada oldu\u011fu bir tablo \u00e7izmek b\u00f6ylece a\u011f\u0131n\u0131n etraf\u0131ndaki t\u00fcm insanlara bakma \u015feklindeki “\u00f6r\u00fcmcek y\u00f6ntemi” g\u00f6rmek daha etkili oluyor.<\/li>\n
    2. Genellikle daha b\u00fcy\u00fck bir role sahip olacaklar\u0131 i\u00e7in bir kampanya ba\u015flatan ve etkinlikler d\u00fczenleyen en b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00fc\u00e7 isme bak\u0131n ve erkenden bir kaynak haritas\u0131 olu\u015fturun.<\/li>\n
    3. Y\u0131llard\u0131r onlar hakk\u0131nda haber yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131z i\u00e7in bir politikac\u0131n\u0131n ge\u00e7mi\u015fini bildi\u011finizi varsaymay\u0131n, her zaman ge\u00e7mi\u015flerine bak\u0131n \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc g\u00f6zden ka\u00e7an baz\u0131 unsurlar \u015fimdi eskisinden daha \u00f6nemli olabilir. Ayr\u0131ca, en iyi kaynaklar\u0131n genellikle bir zamanlar politikac\u0131lara yak\u0131n olan veya \u015fimdi onlar\u0131n d\u00fc\u015fman\u0131 olan ki\u015filer veya k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fcmsendi\u011fini veya g\u00f6zden ka\u00e7\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 hisseden m\u00fcttefikleri oldu\u011funu unutmay\u0131n.<\/li>\n
    4. \u00c7ok fazla paras\u0131 veya n\u00fcfuzu olan kurulu\u015flar\u0131 ve sosyal medya fenomenlerini bulun.\u00a0A\u011flar\u0131n\u0131n ve kim olduklar\u0131n\u0131n izini s\u00fcrmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131n.\u00a0Ba\u015fka kim onlar\u0131n s\u00f6ylediklerini g\u00fc\u00e7lendiriyor?\u00a0Yank\u0131 odas\u0131 m\u0131 yarat\u0131yorlar?\u00a0Bunun arkas\u0131nda kim olabilir?<\/li>\n
    5. Se\u00e7imleri etkiledi\u011fini bildi\u011finiz kurulu\u015flar\u0131n Facebook reklamlar\u0131na bak\u0131n ve m\u00fcmk\u00fcn oldu\u011funda dijital kampanya reklamlar\u0131n\u0131n kayna\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve miktar\u0131n\u0131 takip edin.\u00a0Dijital harcamalar bazen takip edilmesi zor oldu\u011fundan kampanya harcama yasalar\u0131n\u0131 ihlal etmek i\u00e7in kullan\u0131l\u0131yor.<\/li>\n
    6. \u00d6nyarg\u0131 alg\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nlemek i\u00e7in t\u00fcm kan\u0131tlar\u0131n okuyucuya sunulabilece\u011fi hikayeler yay\u0131nlay\u0131n.<\/li>\n
    7. M\u00fcmk\u00fcnse di\u011fer medya kurulu\u015flar\u0131ndan ve di\u011fer \u00fclkelerden meslekta\u015flar\u0131n\u0131zla i\u015f birli\u011fi yap\u0131n. Se\u00e7imlerin soru\u015fturulmas\u0131 zamana kar\u015f\u0131 yap\u0131lan, zaman al\u0131c\u0131 bir faaliyettir ve bir\u00e7ok \u00fclkede baz\u0131 siyasi manip\u00fclasyon taktikleri uygulanmakta.<\/li>\n
    8. \u00a0Ara\u015ft\u0131rman\u0131z\u0131n se\u00e7im sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 etkileyebilece\u011fine ikna olmayan insanlar\u0131 dinlemeyin.\u00a0 Yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131z ara\u015ft\u0131rman\u0131n yasal olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na odaklan\u0131n.<\/li>\n
    9. \u00c7ok \u00e7e\u015fitli bir haber odas\u0131na sahip olun.\u00a0Farkl\u0131 ge\u00e7mi\u015flere sahip gazeteciler beklenmedik i\u00e7g\u00f6r\u00fcler ve fikirler sunuyor.<\/li>\n
    10. Bir sonraki se\u00e7imleri haber yapmak i\u00e7in nas\u0131l haz\u0131rlanaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131z konusunda haber odan\u0131zda g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmeler yap\u0131n.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

      Demokrasiden otoriterli\u011fe kay\u0131\u015f k\u00fcreseldir ve gazeteciler savunman\u0131n \u00f6n cephesidir. Cadwalladr, “\u015eu anda d\u00fcnyan\u0131n y\u00fczde yirmisi bir y\u0131l \u00f6ncesine g\u00f6re daha fazla otoriter y\u00f6netim alt\u0131nda” dedi. “Se\u00e7imleri at yar\u0131\u015f\u0131 gibi izlemeye devam edemeyiz.”<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

      D\u00fcnyan\u0131n d\u00f6rt bir yan\u0131ndan \u00fc\u00e7 muhabir, demokrasiye y\u00f6nelik yakla\u015fan say\u0131s\u0131z tehdidi tart\u0131\u015ft\u0131 ve se\u00e7imle ilgili dezenformasyon ve otoriter sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131n ard\u0131ndaki k\u00f6t\u00fc akt\u00f6rleri a\u00e7\u0131\u011fa \u00e7\u0131karmaya y\u00f6nelik ipu\u00e7lar\u0131 payla\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3031167,"featured_media":1231035,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_price":"","_stock":"","_tribe_ticket_header":"","_tribe_default_ticket_provider":"","_tribe_ticket_capacity":"0","_ticket_start_date":"","_ticket_end_date":"","_tribe_ticket_show_description":"","_tribe_ticket_show_not_going":false,"_tribe_ticket_use_global_stock":"","_tribe_ticket_global_stock_level":"","_global_stock_mode":"","_global_stock_cap":"","_tribe_rsvp_for_event":"","_tribe_ticket_going_count":"","_tribe_ticket_not_going_count":"","_tribe_tickets_list":"[]","_tribe_ticket_has_attendee_info_fields":false,"republication-tracker-tool-hide-widget":false,"footnotes":"","_tec_slr_enabled":"","_tec_slr_layout":""},"categories":[23206],"tags":[22375],"gijn_topic":[22516,18933],"series":[],"gijn_language":[],"gijn_region":[],"class_list":["post-1232475","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-hikayeler","tag-gijc23-tr","gijn_topic-gijc23-3","gijn_topic-arastirma-ipuclari-ve-araclar"],"acf":[],"ticketed":false,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/gijn.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1232475","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/gijn.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/gijn.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gijn.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3031167"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gijn.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1232475"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/gijn.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1232475\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1232847,"href":"https:\/\/gijn.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1232475\/revisions\/1232847"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gijn.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1231035"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/gijn.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1232475"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gijn.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1232475"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gijn.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1232475"},{"taxonomy":"gijn_topic","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gijn.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/gijn_topic?post=1232475"},{"taxonomy":"series","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gijn.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/series?post=1232475"},{"taxonomy":"gijn_language","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gijn.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/gijn_language?post=1232475"},{"taxonomy":"gijn_region","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gijn.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/gijn_region?post=1232475"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}