{"id":1226404,"date":"2023-09-12T07:41:43","date_gmt":"2023-09-12T11:41:43","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/gijn.org\/?p=1226404"},"modified":"2023-10-20T08:47:36","modified_gmt":"2023-10-20T12:47:36","slug":"savas-suclarini-arastirma-muhabir-rehberi-giris","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/gijn.org\/tr\/kaynak\/savas-suclarini-arastirma-muhabir-rehberi-giris\/","title":{"rendered":"Sava\u015f Su\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 Ara\u015ft\u0131rma Muhabir Rehberi: Giri\u015f"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Edit\u00f6r\u00fcn Notu: GIJN, sava\u015f\u0131n hukuki boyutlar\u0131, sivillere y\u00f6nelik sald\u0131r\u0131lar, cinsel \u015fiddet, \u00e7evre su\u00e7lar\u0131, yasakl\u0131 silahlar, soyk\u0131r\u0131m, zorla kaybetmeler, kan\u0131tlar\u0131n ar\u015fivlenmesi, a\u00e7\u0131k kaynak ara\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131, foto\u011fraf ve video ile belgeleme, fiziksel ve dijital g\u00fcvenli\u011fin en iyi uygulamalar\u0131 ve travmatik olaylar\u0131 haberle\u015ftirmek i\u00e7in \u00f6z bak\u0131m gibi her \u015feyi kapsayan 16 b\u00f6l\u00fcml\u00fck kapsaml\u0131 bir <a href=\"https:\/\/gijn.org\/?p=1221611\">Sava\u015f Su\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 Ara\u015ft\u0131rma Muhabir Rehberi<\/a> yay\u0131nl\u0131yor.<\/p>\n<p>H\u00fck\u00fcmet askerleri taraf\u0131ndan i\u015flenen kitlesel zul\u00fcmler, evleri ve ekinleri h\u00fck\u00fcmet birlikleri taraf\u0131ndan tahrip edilen k\u00f6yl\u00fclerin ka\u00e7maya zorlanmas\u0131, okullar\u0131n ve hastanelerin ayr\u0131m g\u00f6zetmeksizin bombalanmas\u0131, yayg\u0131n tecav\u00fcz, sava\u015f esirlerine i\u015fkence, sistematik etnik temizlik ve \u00e7ocuk askerlerin kullan\u0131lmas\u0131, bunlar gazeteciler taraf\u0131ndan ara\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lan olas\u0131 sava\u015f su\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n sadece k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir k\u0131sm\u0131.<\/p>\n<p>Sava\u015f ve \u00e7at\u0131\u015fma d\u00f6nemlerinde insanlar\u0131n ac\u0131mas\u0131zca \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclmesi ve onlara k\u00f6t\u00fc muamelede bulunulmas\u0131 ve bu t\u00fcr \u015fiddetin beraberinde getirdi\u011fi deh\u015fet, hesap verebilirlik gerektirmektedir. Gazeteciler sava\u015f ve \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n haberle\u015ftirilmesi ve soru\u015fturulmas\u0131nda kritik bir role sahip. Sava\u015f\u0131 y\u00fcr\u00fctenlerin uygulamalar\u0131na \u0131\u015f\u0131k tutmak, zor sorular sormak, kan\u0131t bulmak i\u00e7in ara\u015ft\u0131rmak, yalanlar\u0131 ve propaganday\u0131 ve ger\u00e7ekte neler olup bitti\u011fini ortaya \u00e7\u0131karmak, ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131 gazetecilerin i\u015finin kritik bir par\u00e7as\u0131 ve sava\u015f muhabirlerinin, insan haklar\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n, foto\u011fraf\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n ve resmi yetkililerin y\u00fcr\u00fctmesi gereken bir i\u015ftir.<\/p>\n<p>Sava\u015f ve \u00e7at\u0131\u015fma d\u00f6nemlerinde insanlar\u0131n ac\u0131mas\u0131zca \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclmesi ve k\u00f6t\u00fc muameleye maruz kalmas\u0131 ve bu t\u00fcr \u015fiddetin beraberinde getirdi\u011fi deh\u015fet, hesap verebilirlik gerektirmektedir. Gazeteciler, sava\u015f ve \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n haberle\u015ftirilmesi ve ara\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131nda kritik bir role sahiptir. Sava\u015f\u0131 y\u00fcr\u00fctenlerin uygulamalar\u0131na \u0131\u015f\u0131k tutmak, zor sorular sormak, kan\u0131t bulmak i\u00e7in ara\u015ft\u0131rmak, yalanlar\u0131 ve propaganday\u0131 ve ger\u00e7ekte neler olup bitti\u011fini ortaya \u00e7\u0131karmak, ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131 gazetecilerin i\u015finin kritik bir par\u00e7as\u0131d\u0131r ve sava\u015f muhabirlerinin, insan haklar\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n, foto\u011fraf\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n ve yasal yetkililerin \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131 tamamlayan bir i\u015ftir.<\/p>\n<p>Bir sava\u015f su\u00e7u i\u015flenmi\u015f olsun ya da olmas\u0131n, sava\u015f ve \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n haberle\u015ftirilmesi ve ara\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 kritik \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131r. Ukraynal\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131 gazeteci ve bu rehbere katk\u0131da bulunan Valentyna Samar&#8217;\u0131n da belirtti\u011fi gibi: &#8220;Sava\u015f yasalar\u0131 ve gelenekleri hakk\u0131nda temel bilgilere sahip olmadan sava\u015f hakk\u0131nda profesyonelce yazmak m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildir.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>Sava\u015fta, sava\u015f su\u00e7lular\u0131n\u0131n yarg\u0131lanmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayan \u015fey yasalar\u0131n varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve uygulanmas\u0131d\u0131r. Pop\u00fcler kullan\u0131mda &#8220;sava\u015f su\u00e7lar\u0131&#8221; terimi, sava\u015flarda ve \u015fiddetli \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalarda ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilen korkun\u00e7 \u015fiddet eylemlerini, kabul edilmi\u015f uluslararas\u0131 sava\u015f kurallar\u0131n\u0131 ihlal eden eylemleri tan\u0131mlamak i\u00e7in kullan\u0131l\u0131r. Bununla birlikte, &#8220;sava\u015f su\u00e7u&#8221; ayn\u0131 zamanda uluslararas\u0131 anla\u015fmalarda belirtilen ve yaln\u0131zca uluslararas\u0131 insanc\u0131l hukukun belirli, ciddi ihlalleri i\u00e7in ge\u00e7erli olan, \u00f6nceden belirlenmi\u015f bir anlam\u0131 olan yasal bir terimdir.<\/p>\n<p>Sava\u015f hukuku ihlallerinin bireyler taraf\u0131ndan i\u015flenen sava\u015f su\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6tesine ge\u00e7ti\u011fini ve devletler ve di\u011ferleri taraf\u0131ndan i\u015flenen ihlalleri de i\u00e7erdi\u011fini anlamak \u00f6nemli. Bu rehberin 1. b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnde daha ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 olarak a\u00e7\u0131kland\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00fczere, silahl\u0131 \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalarda a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki yasalar ge\u00e7erli:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Uluslararas\u0131 \u0130nsanc\u0131l Hukuk (sava\u015f hukuku veya silahl\u0131 \u00e7at\u0131\u015fma hukuku olarak da bilinir), bir \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmaya taraf olan devletlerin ve devlet d\u0131\u015f\u0131 silahl\u0131 gruplar\u0131n eylemlerini d\u00fczenler.<\/li>\n<li>Uluslararas\u0131 Ceza Hukuku, uluslararas\u0131 su\u00e7lar\u0131n bireysel faillerinin sorumlulu\u011funu d\u00fczenler.<\/li>\n<li>Uluslararas\u0131 \u0130nsan Haklar\u0131 Hukuku, devletlerin (ve baz\u0131 durumlarda devlet d\u0131\u015f\u0131 akt\u00f6rlerin) kendi topraklar\u0131 ve\/veya yarg\u0131 yetkileri dahilindeki bireylere kar\u015f\u0131 y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fcklerini d\u00fczenler ancak silahl\u0131 \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalarda uygulanmas\u0131 bazen farkl\u0131l\u0131k g\u00f6sterebilir.<\/li>\n<li>Devletlerin i\u00e7 hukuklar\u0131.<\/li>\n<li>Silahl\u0131 \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalarda uygulamalar\u0131 farkl\u0131l\u0131k g\u00f6sterebilmekle birlikte, devlet taraf\u0131ndan akdedilen di\u011fer uluslararas\u0131 kanunlar ve anla\u015fmalar.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Ba\u011flam ve niyetle ilgili tart\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n nas\u0131l yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 anlamak kritik \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131r. Masum bir insan\u0131 \u00f6ld\u00fcrmek yani insan \u00f6ld\u00fcrme, cinayet, sava\u015f su\u00e7u, insanl\u0131\u011fa kar\u015f\u0131 su\u00e7un bir par\u00e7as\u0131 veya soyk\u0131r\u0131m eylemi olabilir. Ne yaz\u0131k ki, sava\u015fta baz\u0131 sivil \u00f6l\u00fcmler de yasal eylemlerin sonucu olabilir ve her zaman sava\u015f su\u00e7u veya ihlali de\u011fil. A\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a &#8220;sava\u015f su\u00e7u&#8221; gibi g\u00f6r\u00fcnen korkun\u00e7 zul\u00fcmler olduk\u00e7a tart\u0131\u015fmal\u0131 olabiliyor: <a rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/is-the-kunduz-hospital-strike-a-war-crime-dont-jump-to-conclusions-48626\">ABD ordusunun 2015 y\u0131l\u0131nda Afganistan&#8217;\u0131n Kunduz kentindeki<\/a> bir S\u0131n\u0131r Tan\u0131mayan Doktorlar travma hastanesini bombalamas\u0131, hala tart\u0131\u015f\u0131lan bir \u00f6rnektir ve yine sava\u015f ve \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmada yasall\u0131\u011f\u0131n karma\u015f\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6stermekte. (<a rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/is-the-kunduz-hospital-strike-a-war-crime-dont-jump-to-conclusions-48626\">ABD ordusunun kendi i\u00e7inde y\u00fcr\u00fctt\u00fc\u011f\u00fc bir soru\u015fturmada bombalamadan AC-130 sava\u015f gemisi hava ekibinin &#8220;insan hatas\u0131&#8221; ve hedefi &#8220;yanl\u0131\u015f tan\u0131mlamas\u0131&#8221; sorumlu tutulmu\u015ftu.<\/a>)<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_1226636\" style=\"width: 781px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><a href=\"https:\/\/gijn.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/US-airstrike-on-MSF-hospital-in-Kunduz-Afghanistan-771x399-1.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-1226636\" class=\"wp-image-1226636 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/gijn.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/US-airstrike-on-MSF-hospital-in-Kunduz-Afghanistan-771x399-1.jpg\" alt=\"2015 y\u0131l\u0131nda ABD ordusu Afganistan'\u0131n Kunduz kentindeki bir S\u0131n\u0131r Tan\u0131mayan Doktorlar hastanesini bombalad\u0131. Bu eylemin bir sava\u015f su\u00e7u te\u015fkil edip etmedi\u011fi halen tart\u0131\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. G\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fc: Ekran g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcs\u00fc, M\u00e9decins Sans Fronti\u00e8res\" width=\"771\" height=\"399\" srcset=\"https:\/\/gijn.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/US-airstrike-on-MSF-hospital-in-Kunduz-Afghanistan-771x399-1.jpg 771w, https:\/\/gijn.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/US-airstrike-on-MSF-hospital-in-Kunduz-Afghanistan-771x399-1-336x174.jpg 336w, https:\/\/gijn.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/US-airstrike-on-MSF-hospital-in-Kunduz-Afghanistan-771x399-1-768x397.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 771px) 100vw, 771px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-1226636\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">2015 y\u0131l\u0131nda ABD ordusu Afganistan&#8217;\u0131n Kunduz kentindeki bir S\u0131n\u0131r Tan\u0131mayan Doktorlar hastanesini bombalad\u0131. Bu eylemin bir sava\u015f su\u00e7u te\u015fkil edip etmedi\u011fi halen tart\u0131\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. G\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fc: Ekran g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcs\u00fc, M\u00e9decins Sans Fronti\u00e8res<\/p><\/div>\n<p>Gazetecilerin ara\u015ft\u0131rma s\u00fcre\u00e7leri zahmetlidir, aylar hatta y\u0131llar s\u00fcrebilir ve \u00f6zellikle de yerel ya da uluslararas\u0131 bir mahkemeye sunulacaksa en y\u00fcksek standartta olmal\u0131d\u0131r. Ancak sava\u015fta yasal olanla ahlaki a\u00e7\u0131dan do\u011fru olan ayn\u0131 \u015fey de\u011fildir ve sava\u015f su\u00e7u i\u015flenmi\u015f olsun ya da olmas\u0131n sava\u015f ve \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 haberle\u015ftirmek ve ara\u015ft\u0131rmak kritik \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131r. Sava\u015f ve \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 d\u00fczenleyen yasalar \u00f6nemlidir ancak hesap verebilirlikle ilgili daha geni\u015f bir resmin yaln\u0131zca bir par\u00e7as\u0131d\u0131r. Yasal oldu\u011fu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclen pek \u00e7ok uygulama hala soru\u015fturma ve inceleme gerektirmektedir ve gazeteciler sava\u015fta ya\u015fanan ac\u0131lar i\u00e7in\u00a0 siyasi akt\u00f6rleri sorumlu tutmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmal\u0131d\u0131r. Gazetecinin olas\u0131 sava\u015f su\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 haberle\u015ftirmedeki rol\u00fc adli bir soru\u015fturma y\u00fcr\u00fctmek de\u011fildir ve gazetecilerin rolleri ve sorumluluklar\u0131 ile savc\u0131lar\u0131n ve adli soru\u015fturmac\u0131lar\u0131n rolleri ve sorumluluklar\u0131 aras\u0131nda ger\u00e7ek gerilimler vard\u0131r. Gizli kaynaklar\u0131n korunmas\u0131, ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n \u00f6nemi ve yay\u0131nlama ihtiyac\u0131 bu \u00f6rneklerden sadece \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcd\u00fcr.<\/p>\n<p>Silahl\u0131 bir \u00e7at\u0131\u015fman\u0131n ortas\u0131nda neler olup bitti\u011fini anlamak nadiren kolayd\u0131r. Bir olay\u0131 g\u00f6zlemlerken ya da haberle\u015ftirirken, bir gazetecinin bir sava\u015f su\u00e7unun varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ya da yoklu\u011funu tespit etmesi genellikle m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmayacakt\u0131r. Gazeteciler yasal, yasad\u0131\u015f\u0131 ve su\u00e7 te\u015fkil eden eylemler aras\u0131nda gerekli ayr\u0131m\u0131 yapmak \u00fczere e\u011fitilmemi\u015flerdir. Buna ek olarak, t\u00fcm bireyler (sava\u015f su\u00e7lar\u0131yla itham edilenler de dahil olmak \u00fczere) adil yarg\u0131lanma hakk\u0131na sahiptir ve bir su\u00e7un varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ancak etkili bir soru\u015fturma ve yarg\u0131lama yap\u0131ld\u0131ktan sonra bir mahkeme taraf\u0131ndan tespit edilebilir. A\u00e7\u0131k bir su\u00e7 gibi g\u00f6r\u00fcnen bir \u015fey, asl\u0131nda \u00e7ok \u00f6zel yasal kriterlerin kar\u015f\u0131lanmas\u0131 gerekti\u011finden veya devlet ilgili bir anla\u015fmaya taraf olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan su\u00e7 olmayabilir.<\/p>\n<p>Yine de, en az\u0131ndan, y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fckteki yasalar\u0131n do\u011fru bir \u015fekilde anla\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131, g\u00fcvenilir habercili\u011fi sa\u011flayabilir ve geli\u015ftirebilir ve potansiyel ihlallere ili\u015fkin fark\u0131ndal\u0131\u011f\u0131 art\u0131rabilir. Bu da h\u00fck\u00fcmetler ve uluslararas\u0131 sorumluluklar\u0131 olanlar \u00fczerinde faillerin soru\u015fturulmas\u0131 ve kovu\u015fturulmas\u0131 i\u00e7in bask\u0131 olu\u015fturabilir. Olas\u0131 sava\u015f su\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n veya su\u00e7 \u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fclerinin iyi bir \u015fekilde haber yap\u0131lmas\u0131, uluslararas\u0131 toplumun bunlardan haberdar olmas\u0131n\u0131n tek yolu olabilir ve faillerin adalet \u00f6n\u00fcne \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in ilk ad\u0131m olabilir. Devletler bu sorumluluklar\u0131n\u0131 yerine getirmedi\u011finde, bu eylemlerin \u00f6rtbas edilmemesini ve cezas\u0131z kalmamas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamak genellikle gazetecilerin ve sivil toplumun i\u015fidir. Nihayetinde, g\u00fcvenilir habercilik daha fazla hesap verebilirli\u011fe yol a\u00e7abilir ve cezas\u0131zl\u0131kla m\u00fccadeleye katk\u0131da bulunabilir. Do\u011fru habercilik, \u00e7at\u0131\u015fma eylemlerinden etkilenen bireyler, aileleri ve yak\u0131nlar\u0131 i\u00e7in de \u00f6nemlidir. Ayr\u0131ca gazeteciler, tan\u0131k olduklar\u0131 ve belgeledikleri \u015feyler nedeniyle, olas\u0131 sava\u015f su\u00e7lar\u0131na ili\u015fkin kan\u0131tlar\u0131 yasal makamlara sunmak isteyebilirler. Gazetecilerin mahkemeler ve di\u011fer kurumlarla i\u015f birli\u011fi yapma ve gerekli olan \u00e7ok y\u00fcksek kan\u0131t standartlar\u0131n\u0131 anlamaya ihtiyacu vard\u0131r.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_1226684\" style=\"width: 781px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><a href=\"https:\/\/gijn.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/DNA-file-report-from-International-Commission-on-Missing-Persons-office-in-Bosnia-771x513-1.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-1226684\" class=\"wp-image-1226684 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/gijn.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/DNA-file-report-from-International-Commission-on-Missing-Persons-office-in-Bosnia-771x513-1.jpg\" alt=\"Bosna'daki Uluslararas\u0131 Kay\u0131p Ki\u015filer Komisyonu (ICMP), silahl\u0131 \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalarda kaybolan \u00e7ok say\u0131da ki\u015finin kimlik tespitinde ilk ad\u0131m olarak DNA'n\u0131n kullan\u0131lmas\u0131na \u00f6nc\u00fcl\u00fck etmi\u015fti. ICMP, kan ve kemik \u00f6rneklerinden DNA e\u015fle\u015ftirmesi yaparak, eski Yugoslavya \u00fclkelerindeki \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalarda kaybolan ve kal\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131 gizli mezarlarda bulunan 17.000'den fazla ki\u015finin kimli\u011fini tespit edebilmi\u015fti. Resim: Ron Haviv'in izniyle, VII\" width=\"771\" height=\"513\" srcset=\"https:\/\/gijn.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/DNA-file-report-from-International-Commission-on-Missing-Persons-office-in-Bosnia-771x513-1.jpg 771w, https:\/\/gijn.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/DNA-file-report-from-International-Commission-on-Missing-Persons-office-in-Bosnia-771x513-1-336x224.jpg 336w, https:\/\/gijn.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/DNA-file-report-from-International-Commission-on-Missing-Persons-office-in-Bosnia-771x513-1-768x511.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 771px) 100vw, 771px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-1226684\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Bosna&#8217;daki Uluslararas\u0131 Kay\u0131p Ki\u015filer Komisyonu (ICMP), silahl\u0131 \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalarda kaybolan \u00e7ok say\u0131da ki\u015finin kimlik tespitinde ilk ad\u0131m olarak DNA&#8217;n\u0131n kullan\u0131lmas\u0131na \u00f6nc\u00fcl\u00fck etmi\u015fti. ICMP, kan ve kemik \u00f6rneklerinden DNA e\u015fle\u015ftirmesi yaparak, eski Yugoslavya \u00fclkelerindeki \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalarda kaybolan ve kal\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131 gizli mezarlarda bulunan 17.000&#8217;den fazla ki\u015finin kimli\u011fini tespit edebilmi\u015fti. Resim: Ron Haviv&#8217;in izniyle, VII<\/p><\/div>\n<p>Bu rehberin kapsam\u0131 zorunlu olarak s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 ve amac\u0131 daha iyi ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar yap\u0131labilmesi i\u00e7in faydal\u0131 bir ba\u011flam ve pratik tavsiyeler sunmak. \u0130lgili yasalar\u0131 ve yarg\u0131 kurumlar\u0131n\u0131 ya da devletlerin ve uluslararas\u0131 organlar\u0131n bu yasalar\u0131 uygulama ve sava\u015f ve \u00e7at\u0131\u015fma su\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 i\u015fleyenleri kovu\u015fturma konusundaki kararl\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 ve etkinliklerini de\u011ferlendirmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmamaktad\u0131r. Rehber, gazetecilere yasal mercilere sunulabilecek kan\u0131tlar\u0131n nas\u0131l toplanaca\u011f\u0131na dair ipu\u00e7lar\u0131 vermektedir ancak kan\u0131t yasalar\u0131 her devlette ve her uluslararas\u0131 mahkemede farkl\u0131 olaca\u011f\u0131ndan, ilgili uzmanlarla ileti\u015fime ge\u00e7mek \u00e7o\u011fu zaman en iyi strateji olacakt\u0131r. Rehber ayn\u0131 zamanda bunun t\u00fcm gazetecilerin yapmayaca\u011f\u0131 bir se\u00e7im oldu\u011funu da kabul etmektedir. Son olarak, sava\u015f ve \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalarla ilgili olarak gazeteciler taraf\u0131ndan ara\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 gereken ve bu rehberin kapsam\u0131 d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda kalan, sava\u015f vurgunculu\u011funun yan\u0131 s\u0131ra savunma tedariki ve d\u0131\u015f yard\u0131m \u00f6demelerinde yolsuzluk gibi pek \u00e7ok ba\u015fka su\u00e7 da bulunmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>Bu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceyle, GIJN olarak Sava\u015f Su\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 Ara\u015ft\u0131rma Muhabir Rehberi&#8217;ni sunmaktan memnuniyet duyuyoruz. Bu rehber, \u00e7at\u0131\u015fma ve sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 belgeleyen medyaya yard\u0131mc\u0131 olmay\u0131 ama\u00e7lamakta. Ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131 gazetecilerin ve insan haklar\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131, faillerin hesap vermesini sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in hayati \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131makta. Bu s\u00fcre\u00e7, zul\u00fcm kan\u0131tlar\u0131n\u0131n korunmas\u0131, hayatta kalanlar\u0131n tan\u0131kl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n muhafaza edilmesi ve hesap verebilirli\u011fin izinin s\u00fcr\u00fclmesi i\u00e7in uzun ve zorlu ancak gerekli bir s\u00fcre\u00e7. Sava\u015f\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131rma konusunda derin deneyime sahip muhabirlerden, insan haklar\u0131 uzmanlar\u0131ndan ve hukuk\u00e7ulardan bu karma\u015f\u0131k meselelerin nas\u0131l ele al\u0131naca\u011f\u0131 konusunda tavsiyelerini istedik. Ayr\u0131ca, uydu g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcleri ve sosyal medya gibi teknolojide ya\u015fanan ve gazetecilerin g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde sava\u015f\u0131 ele alma bi\u00e7imlerini de\u011fi\u015ftiren geli\u015fmeleri de dikkate ald\u0131k.<\/p>\n<p>Bu giri\u015f b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcne ek olarak rehber 16 b\u00f6l\u00fcmden ve Nobel Bar\u0131\u015f \u00d6d\u00fcl\u00fc sahibi Nadia Murad&#8217;\u0131n \u00f6ns\u00f6z\u00fcnden olu\u015fmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>Te\u015fekk\u00fcrler<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Bu rehber, bir\u00e7ok k\u0131tadan ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131 gazeteciler, yazarlar, hukuk dan\u0131\u015fmanlar\u0131 ve konu uzmanlar\u0131n\u0131n ortak \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131yla ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131 ancak Charles Stewart Mott Vakf\u0131&#8217;n\u0131n c\u00f6mert finansman\u0131 olmadan m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olamazd\u0131.<\/li>\n<li>VII Vakf\u0131&#8217;ndan foto\u011fraf\u00e7\u0131 Ron Haviv&#8217;e, rehberi a\u00e7\u0131klamak ve\u00a0 sava\u015f su\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n etkisini netle\u015ftirmek i\u00e7in ar\u015fivlerinden d\u00fczinelerce etkileyici g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcye katk\u0131da bulundu\u011fu i\u00e7in \u00f6zel olarak te\u015fekk\u00fcr ederiz. Ayr\u0131ca, vah\u015feti ve olas\u0131 sava\u015f su\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 belgelemek i\u00e7in foto\u011fraf ve videolar\u0131n nas\u0131l kullan\u0131laca\u011f\u0131na dair ayd\u0131nlat\u0131c\u0131 bir b\u00f6l\u00fcme katk\u0131da bulundu. Ali Arkady, Ed Kashi, Christopher Morris, Maciek Nabrdalik, Franco Pagetti, Scott Peterson ve John Stanmeyer&#8217;e de foto\u011fraflar\u0131n\u0131 kulland\u0131klar\u0131 i\u00e7in te\u015fekk\u00fcr ederiz. Robert Dannin de bu foto\u011fraflar\u0131n katk\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 kolayla\u015ft\u0131rmada kilit bir rol oynad\u0131.<\/li>\n<li>Rehberin tamam\u0131nda uluslararas\u0131 insan haklar\u0131 hukukunun ve di\u011fer ilgili hukuki i\u00e7tihatlar\u0131n dikkatle dikkate al\u0131nmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamak amac\u0131yla, rehberin haz\u0131rlanmas\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda uzman tavsiyelerinde bulunan Dr. Claire Simmons&#8217;a \u00f6zel olarak te\u015fekk\u00fcr ederiz. Ayr\u0131ca, Londra \u00dcniversitesi \u00d6\u011fretim G\u00f6revlisi Daragh Murray, bu rehberin g\u00f6zden ge\u00e7irilmesindeki yard\u0131mlar\u0131 i\u00e7in te\u015fekk\u00fcr\u00fc hak etmektedir.<\/li>\n<li>Gazeteci Olivier Holmey, bu rehber i\u00e7in &#8220;\u00f6zel odak&#8221; r\u00f6portajlar\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirdi\u011fi i\u00e7in te\u015fekk\u00fcr\u00fc hak etmektedir. Bu g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmelerde zamanlar\u0131n\u0131 ve uzmanl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 c\u00f6mert\u00e7e payla\u015fanlara da ayr\u0131ca te\u015fekk\u00fcr ederiz: Azmat Khan, Ruth Omar, Sheila Kawamara Mishambi, Raji Abdul Salam,Valentyna Samar ve Pascale Bonnefoy Miralles.<\/li>\n<li>Margot Williams, rehberi titizlikle kontrol ederek paha bi\u00e7ilmez bir yard\u0131m sa\u011flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/li>\n<li>Nobel Bar\u0131\u015f \u00d6d\u00fcl\u00fc sahibi Nadia Murad, ki\u015fisel hikayesine c\u00f6mert\u00e7e katk\u0131da bulunmu\u015f ve ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131 gazetecilerin kendisi gibi zul\u00fcmden kurtulanlar i\u00e7in neden kilit bir rol oynad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/li>\n<li>Bir dizi GIJN \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan\u0131, rehberin fikir a\u015famas\u0131ndan yay\u0131nlanmas\u0131na kadar ge\u00e7en s\u00fcre\u00e7te kilit rol oynad\u0131. GIJN&#8217;in Arap\u00e7a edit\u00f6r\u00fc Majdoleen Hasan, GIJN Program Direkt\u00f6r\u00fc Anne Koch&#8217;un s\u00fcrekli g\u00f6zetimi, katk\u0131s\u0131 ve rehberli\u011fi ile birlikte proje y\u00f6neticisi olarak rehberin haz\u0131rlanmas\u0131na yard\u0131mc\u0131 oldu. GIJN Kaynak Merkezi Direkt\u00f6r\u00fc Nikolia Apostolou da rehberin yay\u0131nlanmas\u0131nda etkili olmu\u015ftur. GIJN \u0130cra Direkt\u00f6r\u00fc David E. Kaplan da projenin misyonuna odaklanmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamada ve rehberin yay\u0131nlanmas\u0131na \u00f6nc\u00fcl\u00fck etmede etkili olmu\u015ftur.<\/li>\n<li>Bu rehber ayr\u0131ca, k\u0131demli muhabir Rowan Philp, yard\u0131mc\u0131 edit\u00f6rler Laura Dixon ve Alexis van Sickle ve y\u00f6netici edit\u00f6r Reed Richardson da dahil olmak \u00fczere GIJN&#8217;in edit\u00f6r kadrosunun yorulmak bilmeyen d\u00fczenleme ve koordinasyonu olmadan m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olamazd\u0131.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr \/>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/gijn.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/336x336-staff-profile-photo-Anne-Koch.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1178572 alignleft\" src=\"https:\/\/gijn.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/336x336-staff-profile-photo-Anne-Koch.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"127\" height=\"127\" srcset=\"https:\/\/gijn.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/336x336-staff-profile-photo-Anne-Koch.png 336w, https:\/\/gijn.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/336x336-staff-profile-photo-Anne-Koch-140x140.png 140w, https:\/\/gijn.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/336x336-staff-profile-photo-Anne-Koch-60x60.png 60w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 127px) 100vw, 127px\" \/><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/gijn.org\/about\/staff-member\/anne-koch\/\">Anne Koch<\/a> GIJN&#8217;de program direkt\u00f6r\u00fcd\u00fcr. \u00c7o\u011funlu\u011fu BBC&#8217;de olmak \u00fczere 20 y\u0131l\u0131 a\u015fk\u0131n bir s\u00fcre yay\u0131n gazetecisi ve y\u00f6neticisi olarak \u00e7al\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015f, BBC&#8217;nin \u0130ngilizce D\u00fcnya Servisi&#8217;nin m\u00fcd\u00fcr yard\u0131mc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131, amiral gemisi radyo haberleri ve g\u00fcncel olaylar programlar\u0131n\u0131n y\u00f6netici edit\u00f6rl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ve World Tonight&#8217;\u0131n edit\u00f6rl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc g\u00f6revlerinde bulunmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/gijn.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/Screen-Shot-2023-05-08-at-10.48.23-AM-2-140x140-1.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-1226709 alignleft\" src=\"https:\/\/gijn.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/Screen-Shot-2023-05-08-at-10.48.23-AM-2-140x140-1.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"128\" height=\"128\" \/><\/a><a rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ronhaviv.com\/bio\">Ron Haviv<\/a>, <a rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/theviifoundation.org\/vii-photo\/\">VII Vakf\u0131&#8217;n\u0131n y\u00f6neticisi<\/a> ve kurucu orta\u011f\u0131 ve VII Foto\u011fraf Ajans\u0131&#8217;n\u0131n kurucu orta\u011f\u0131d\u0131r. Haviv son otuz y\u0131lda yirmi be\u015ften fazla \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmay\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fclemi\u015f ve y\u00fczden fazla \u00fclkede \u00e7al\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u00c7ok say\u0131da \u00f6d\u00fcl kazanan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 d\u00fcnya \u00e7ap\u0131nda m\u00fcze ve galerilerde yer almaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>GIJN Program Direkt\u00f6r\u00fc Anne Koch, \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalarla ilgili uluslararas\u0131 hukuku ve sava\u015f su\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmas\u0131nda ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131 habercili\u011fin rol\u00fcn\u00fc ele al\u0131yor.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3031167,"featured_media":1226405,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_price":"","_stock":"","_tribe_ticket_header":"","_tribe_default_ticket_provider":"","_tribe_ticket_capacity":"0","_ticket_start_date":"","_ticket_end_date":"","_tribe_ticket_show_description":"","_tribe_ticket_show_not_going":false,"_tribe_ticket_use_global_stock":"","_tribe_ticket_global_stock_level":"","_global_stock_mode":"","_global_stock_cap":"","_tribe_rsvp_for_event":"","_tribe_ticket_going_count":"","_tribe_ticket_not_going_count":"","_tribe_tickets_list":"[]","_tribe_ticket_has_attendee_info_fields":false,"republication-tracker-tool-hide-widget":false,"footnotes":"","_tec_slr_enabled":"","_tec_slr_layout":""},"categories":[23203,23200,23202],"tags":[22318,19993,19987,22323,22322,22317,22319,22321,22320],"gijn_topic":[],"series":[],"gijn_language":[],"gijn_region":[],"class_list":["post-1226404","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-bolum","category-kaynak","category-kilavuz","tag-insan-haklari","tag-savas-muhabirligi-tr","tag-savas-suclari-tr","tag-savas-suclari-rehberi","tag-savas-suclarinin-sorusturulmasi","tag-soykirim","tag-uluslararasi-ceza-hukuku","tag-uluslararasi-hukuk","tag-uluslararasi-insancil-hukuk"],"acf":[],"ticketed":false,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/gijn.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1226404","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/gijn.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/gijn.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gijn.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3031167"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gijn.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1226404"}],"version-history":[{"count":9,"href":"https:\/\/gijn.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1226404\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1238130,"href":"https:\/\/gijn.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1226404\/revisions\/1238130"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gijn.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1226405"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/gijn.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1226404"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gijn.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1226404"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gijn.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1226404"},{"taxonomy":"gijn_topic","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gijn.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/gijn_topic?post=1226404"},{"taxonomy":"series","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gijn.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/series?post=1226404"},{"taxonomy":"gijn_language","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gijn.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/gijn_language?post=1226404"},{"taxonomy":"gijn_region","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gijn.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/gijn_region?post=1226404"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}