{"id":1214158,"date":"2023-08-07T09:00:06","date_gmt":"2023-08-07T13:00:06","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/gijn.org\/?p=654019"},"modified":"2023-10-25T02:46:50","modified_gmt":"2023-10-25T06:46:50","slug":"dijital-tehditleri-arastirmak-trolleme-kampanyalari","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/gijn.org\/tr\/kaynak\/dijital-tehditleri-arastirmak-trolleme-kampanyalari\/","title":{"rendered":"Dijital Tehditleri Ara\u015ft\u0131rmak: Trolleme Kampanyalar\u0131"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><em><strong>Edit\u00f6r\u00fcn Notu:<\/strong>\u00a0 Bu yaz\u0131 GIJN\u2019in yak\u0131nda yay\u0131nlanacak olan <a rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/gijc2023.org\/\">Gazeteciler i\u00e7in Dijital Tehditleri Ara\u015ft\u0131rma Rehberi<\/a>\u2019nin son b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcd\u00fcr.\u00a0 <a href=\"https:\/\/gijn.org\/2023\/07\/28\/dijital-tehditlerin-arastirilmasi-dezenformasyon\/\">Dezenformasyonla<\/a>\u00a0ilgili birinci b\u00f6l\u00fcm ve\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/gijn.org\/2023\/08\/06\/dijital-tehditlerin-arastirilmasi-dijital-altyapi\/\">Dijital altyap\u0131yla<\/a>\u00a0ilgili ikinci b\u00f6l\u00fcm ve <a href=\"https:\/\/gijn.org\/2023\/08\/06\/dijital-tehdit-ortamini-arastirmak\/\">dijital tehditlerle i<\/a>lgili \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc b\u00f6l\u00fcm yay\u0131nland\u0131. Rehberin tamam\u0131 bu Eyl\u00fcl ay\u0131nda\u00a0<a rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/gijc2023.org\/\">K\u00fcresel Ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131 Gazetecilik Konferans\u0131<\/a>\u2019nda yay\u0131nlanacak.<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Sosyal medyada, sohbet odalar\u0131nda, \u00e7evrim i\u00e7i topluluklarda ve di\u011fer platformlarda gezinirken, ba\u015fkalar\u0131n\u0131 k\u0131\u015fk\u0131rtan insanlarla veya k\u0131\u015fk\u0131rtan insanlara kar\u015f\u0131 duygusal bir tepki vermeleri i\u00e7in s\u0131kl\u0131kla kar\u015f\u0131la\u015f\u0131r\u0131z. Onlara <a rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.merriam-webster.com\/dictionary\/troll\">\u0130nternet trolleri<\/a> deniyor.<\/p>\n<p>\u0130nternet kullan\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131 genellikle herhangi bir tart\u0131\u015fmal\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fc veya naho\u015f etkile\u015fimi trolleme olarak i\u015faret eder. Birinin kas\u0131tl\u0131 olarak troll\u00fck yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kan\u0131tlamak zor olabilir ancak g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde taciz kampanyalar\u0131n\u0131n bir par\u00e7as\u0131 olarak trolleme teknikleri kullanan takma adl\u0131 veya anonim hesaplar bulmak yayg\u0131nd\u0131r. Hakaret ve karalamalar yap\u0131yorlar, yanl\u0131\u015f veya yan\u0131lt\u0131c\u0131 bilgiler yay\u0131yorlar ya da sald\u0131rgan veya anlams\u0131z memlerle ger\u00e7ek konu\u015fmalar\u0131 bozuyorlar. Ama\u00e7, rahats\u0131z etmek, k\u00f6t\u00fclemek, belirli bir mesaj\u0131 iletmek ve bir ki\u015finin veya belirli bir grubun deneyimini olumsuz y\u00f6nde etkilemek. Ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131 gazetecilerin, trollemeyi nas\u0131l tan\u0131mlayacaklar\u0131n\u0131 ve bunun m\u00fcnferit bir olay m\u0131 yoksa taciz kampanyas\u0131n\u0131n bir par\u00e7as\u0131 m\u0131 oldu\u011funu \u00f6\u011frenmeleri gerekir.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0130\u015f Modeli Olarak Troll\u00fck<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Trolleri ve trol kampanyalar\u0131n\u0131 belirlemek, analiz etmek ve if\u015fa etmek i\u00e7in troll\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn nas\u0131l bir i\u015f modeli haline geldi\u011fini anlamam\u0131z gerekir.<\/p>\n<p>1980&#8217;lerin sonunda ve 90&#8217;lar\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda, <a rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.theatlantic.com\/technology\/archive\/2011\/05\/sky-writing-or-when-man-first-met-troll\/239420\/\">trolleme terimi, kullan\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131n davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 tan\u0131mlamak ve yeni gelenlerle alay etmek i\u00e7in kullan\u0131ld\u0131<\/a>,\u00a0 \u0130nternet k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn bir par\u00e7as\u0131yd\u0131. Trollemenin beklenen davran\u0131\u015f\u0131n bir par\u00e7as\u0131 oldu\u011fu; <a rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2008\/08\/03\/magazine\/03trolls-t.html\">4chan<\/a> ve di\u011fer \u0130nternet forumlar\u0131 gibi \u00e7evrim i\u00e7i topluluklar ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. Sosyal medya ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, baz\u0131 kullan\u0131c\u0131lar \u00e7evrim i\u00e7i trollerin davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131na a\u015finayd\u0131. Ancak bir\u00e7o\u011fu de\u011fildi ve bu alt k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc ilk kez tatt\u0131. \u0130nternet geni\u015fledik\u00e7e troll\u00fck, zorbal\u0131k ve takip etme gibi a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 sosyal davran\u0131\u015flarla kesi\u015fti ve <a rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/spsp.org\/news-center\/character-context-blog\/probing-sadistic-minds-internet-trolls\">psikolojik rahats\u0131zl\u0131klardan<\/a> muzdarip olanlar taraf\u0131ndan kullan\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n<p>Sonunda h\u00fck\u00fcmetler ve siyasi yetkililer, d\u00fc\u015fmanlar\u0131na, muhalefete ve medyaya sald\u0131rmak i\u00e7in trollemeyi &#8220;silahla\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131&#8221;. <a rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/monkey-cage\/wp\/2016\/05\/19\/the-chinese-government-fakes-nearly-450-million-social-media-comments-a-year-this-is-why\/\">2014 y\u0131l\u0131nda, \u00c7in rejimi taraf\u0131ndan bir \u0130nternet trolleri ordusu yarat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 if\u015fa eden bir e-posta s\u0131z\u0131nt\u0131s\u0131 oldu<\/a>, s\u00f6zde 50 Cent Ordusu haberlere ve sosyal medyaya sahte yorumlar b\u0131rakmak i\u00e7in en az 500.000 \u0130nternet trol\u00fc istihdam etti. 2017 y\u0131l\u0131na kadar ordunun <a rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/gking.harvard.edu\/files\/gking\/files\/50c.pdf\">tahmini iki milyon ki\u015fiye y\u00fckseldi<\/a>. Bu b\u00fcy\u00fck operasyonun amac\u0131, h\u00fck\u00fcmet ve \u00c7in Kom\u00fcnist Partisi i\u00e7in amigoluk yaparken rejim i\u00e7in istenmeyen konu\u015fmalar\u0131 ve bilgileri bast\u0131rmakt\u0131.<\/p>\n<p>Di\u011fer <a rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.merriam-webster.com\/dictionary\/astroturfing\">suni kamuoyu olu\u015fturma operasyonlar\u0131<\/a> siber sava\u015f\u0131n bir par\u00e7as\u0131 olarak ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131k\u00e7a, daha fazla ara\u015ft\u0131rma ve haber yay\u0131nlanmaya ba\u015fland\u0131. 2016&#8217;da Letonya, Rusya&#8217;dan <a rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/stratcomcoe.org\/publications\/internet-trolling-as-a-hybrid-warfare-tool-the-case-of-latvia\/160\">\u00e7evrim i\u00e7i trolleme<\/a> t\u00fcr\u00fc olan bir hibrit sava\u015fla kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya kald\u0131. Lavian vakas\u0131yla ilgili bir NATO raporunda analistler, klasik troller (bir veya daha fazla insan taraf\u0131ndan y\u00f6netilen) ile hibrit troller (k\u0131smen otomatikle\u015ftirilmi\u015f ve k\u0131smen insanlar taraf\u0131ndan y\u00f6netilen) aras\u0131ndaki farka dikkat \u00e7ekti.<\/p>\n<p>2016&#8217;daki ABD se\u00e7imleri s\u0131ras\u0131nda, Rus \u0130nternet Ara\u015ft\u0131rma Ajans\u0131 (IRA), Hillary Clinton ve destek\u00e7ilerini trolleyen sahte sosyal medya hesaplar\u0131n\u0131 kullanarak <a rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.npr.org\/2018\/02\/22\/587921536\/how-a-russian-troll-factory-waged-an-aggressive-campaign-to-disrupt-the-u-s-elec\">ABD se\u00e7imlerini bozmak i\u00e7in agresif bir kampanya<\/a> y\u00fcr\u00fctt\u00fc. Ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar ayr\u0131ca <a rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/euvsdisinfo.eu\/the-st-petersburg-troll-factory-targets-elections-from-germany-to-the-united-states\/\">IRA&#8217;n\u0131n nas\u0131l Kremlin&#8217;in d\u00fcnyadaki se\u00e7imleri hedef alan se\u00e7im m\u00fcdahalesi oyun kitab\u0131n\u0131n bir par\u00e7as\u0131 haline geldi\u011fini<\/a> belgeledi. 2018&#8217;de<a rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.justice.gov\/file\/1035477\/download\"> IRA, ABD federal savc\u0131lar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan ABD siyasi sistemine esasen trolleme ve dezenformasyon yoluyla m\u00fcdahale etmekle su\u00e7land\u0131.<\/a> Troll\u00fck, di\u011fer \u00fclkelerin siyasi sistemlerinde k\u00f6k sald\u0131. Filipinler&#8217;de kampanyalarda, propaganday\u0131 yaymak ve muhalefete sald\u0131rmak i\u00e7in trolleri kullanma konusunda <a rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-61339293\">uzmanla\u015fm\u0131\u015f pazarlama ajanslar\u0131n\u0131n i\u015fe al\u0131nmas\u0131 yayg\u0131n bir durum.<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Trolleme, bilgi operasyonlar\u0131n\u0131n ve askeri stratejilerin bir bile\u015feni olacak \u015fekilde geli\u015fti. K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck Avrupa \u00fclkelerindeki ve Asya&#8217;n\u0131n baz\u0131 b\u00f6lgelerindeki trol \u00e7iftlikleri ve trol fabrikalar\u0131 geni\u015f \u00f6l\u00e7ekte sahte i\u00e7erik \u00fcretebilir. <a rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/english.elpais.com\/elpais\/2018\/03\/22\/inenglish\/1521710735_571195.html\">Meksika&#8217;n\u0131n son cumhurba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 se\u00e7imlerinde g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc gibi<\/a>, dijital ajanslar\u0131n se\u00e7im ama\u00e7l\u0131 trol fabrikalar\u0131 olu\u015fturdu\u011fu Latin Amerika&#8217;da benzer bir model var. Bug\u00fcn, <a rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.axios.com\/2021\/04\/13\/trolls-misinformation-facebook-twitter-iran\">profesyonel troll\u00fck k\u00fcresel bir i\u015ftir.<\/a><\/p>\n<p><strong>Troller Nas\u0131l Eri\u015fim Kazan\u0131r?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Her trol ayn\u0131 de\u011fildir, ancak uygulad\u0131klar\u0131 baz\u0131 tutarl\u0131 davran\u0131\u015flar ve taktikler var. En yayg\u0131n olanlar\u0131:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>Sosyal medya arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla yayg\u0131nla\u015ft\u0131rma:<\/strong> Troller, mesajlar\u0131n\u0131 yaymak i\u00e7in sosyal medya platformlar\u0131n\u0131 kullan\u0131r, genellikle birden fazla hesap olu\u015fturur veya i\u00e7eriklerini g\u00fc\u00e7lendirmek i\u00e7in otomatik botlar kullan\u0131r. Troller be\u011feniler, payla\u015f\u0131mlar ve yorumlar olu\u015fturarak i\u00e7eriklerini daha g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcr k\u0131lmak ve daha geni\u015f kitlelere ula\u015fmak i\u00e7in platform algoritmalar\u0131n\u0131 manip\u00fcle edebilir.<\/li>\n<li><strong style=\"font-size: 19.55px;\">Hashtag ele ge\u00e7irme:<\/strong> Troller, dezenformasyon yaymak veya hedeflenen ki\u015fileri taciz etmek i\u00e7in trend olan hashtag&#8217;leri izler veya kendi hashtag&#8217;lerini olu\u015fturur. Bu, mesajlar\u0131n\u0131 pop\u00fcler konu\u015fmalara enjekte etmelerini ve daha fazla g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fck elde etmelerini sa\u011flar.<\/li>\n<li><strong style=\"font-size: 19.55px;\">Duygusal manip\u00fclasyon:<\/strong> Troller, kullan\u0131c\u0131lardan g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc tepkiler almak i\u00e7in genellikle duygusal olarak y\u00fckl\u00fc bir dil ve k\u0131\u015fk\u0131rt\u0131c\u0131 i\u00e7erik kullan\u0131r. S\u00f6zde \u00f6fke \u00e7ift\u00e7ili\u011fi \u00e7ok yayg\u0131nd\u0131r.<\/li>\n<li><strong style=\"font-size: 19.55px;\">Suni kamuoyu olu\u015fturma (Astroturfing):<\/strong> Troller, \u00e7ok say\u0131da sahte hesab\u0131 koordine ederek belirli bir ama\u00e7, fikir veya anlat\u0131 i\u00e7in tabandan destek yan\u0131lsamas\u0131 yarat\u0131r. Bu taktik, dezenformasyon kampanyalar\u0131n\u0131n daha inand\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcnmesini sa\u011flayabilir ve halk deste\u011fi havas\u0131 yaratabilir.<\/li>\n<li><strong style=\"font-size: 19.55px;\">Etkili ki\u015fileri hedefleme:<\/strong> Troller, takip\u00e7ilerinden yararlanmak ve daha fazla dikkat \u00e7ekmek i\u00e7in \u00fcnl\u00fcleri, politikac\u0131lar\u0131 veya y\u00fcksek profilli ki\u015fileri hedef alabilir.<\/li>\n<li><strong style=\"font-size: 19.55px;\">Mem olu\u015fturma ve yayma:<\/strong> Troller, dezenformasyon veya rahats\u0131z edici i\u00e7erik yaymak i\u00e7in komik veya k\u0131\u015fk\u0131rt\u0131c\u0131 memler kullan\u0131r. Memler h\u0131zla viral hale gelir ve geni\u015f kitlelere ula\u015f\u0131r.<\/li>\n<li><strong style=\"font-size: 19.55px;\">Deepfakes ve manip\u00fcle edilmi\u015f medya:<\/strong> Troller, dezenformasyon yaymak, ki\u015fileri itibars\u0131zla\u015ft\u0131rmak veya komplo teorilerini k\u00f6r\u00fcklemek i\u00e7in sahte videolar, resimler veya ses kay\u0131tlar\u0131 olu\u015fturmak i\u00e7in ileri teknolojiyi kullanabilir.<\/li>\n<li><strong style=\"font-size: 19.55px;\">Mevcut b\u00f6l\u00fcnmeleri istismar etmek:<\/strong> Troller, anla\u015fmazl\u0131\u011f\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fctmek ve \u00e7evrim i\u00e7i tart\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 kutupla\u015ft\u0131rmak i\u00e7in genellikle siyasi, dini veya k\u00fclt\u00fcrel farkl\u0131l\u0131klar gibi toplumsal b\u00f6l\u00fcnmelerden yararlan\u0131r.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><strong>Troller ve Taciz Kampanyalar\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><a rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nato.int\/nato_static_fl2014\/assets\/pdf\/2020\/5\/pdf\/2005-deepportal2-troll-factories.pdf\">Trol fabrikalar\u0131n\u0131n<\/a> nas\u0131l \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve taciz kampanyalar\u0131nda nas\u0131l davrand\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 anlamak i\u00e7in i\u015fleyi\u015f \u015fekillerini ve y\u00f6ntemlerini belirlememiz gerekir.<\/p>\n<p>Trol fabrikalar\u0131, anlat\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 yaymak i\u00e7in sahte sosyal medya hesaplar\u0131 ve web siteleri \u00fcretiyor. Troller ayr\u0131ca anlat\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 geni\u015fletmek i\u00e7in belirli platformlar\u0131 ve topluluklar\u0131 hedef al\u0131r. Bir\u00e7ok y\u00f6nden, herhangi bir dijital pazarlama ajans\u0131 gibi \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rlar, mesajlar ve i\u00e7erik olu\u015ftururlar ve hedeflerine ula\u015fmak i\u00e7in bunlar\u0131 kanallar aras\u0131nda stratejik olarak hedeflerler.<\/p>\n<p>Bir taciz kampanyas\u0131n\u0131n par\u00e7as\u0131 olarak faaliyetlerini anlaman\u0131n iki yolu vard\u0131r: G\u00fc\u00e7lendirme ekosisteminin bir par\u00e7as\u0131 olarak rolleri ve bir sald\u0131r\u0131 operasyonundaki rolleri.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Geni\u015fletme Ekosistemi<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Geni\u015fletme ekosistemi, herhangi bir stratejinin par\u00e7as\u0131 olan mesajlar\u0131 yaymak ve g\u00fc\u00e7lendirmek i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lan varl\u0131klar\u0131n, hesaplar\u0131n, kanallar\u0131n, sayfalar\u0131n veya alanlar\u0131n envanteridir. Bu grafik, kamuoyunu manip\u00fcle etmek i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lan bir medya b\u00fcy\u00fctme ekosisteminin \u00f6\u011felerine bir \u00f6rnek g\u00f6stermektedir. Her strateji farkl\u0131 bir tane gerektirir.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/gijn.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/unnamed-771x578.png\" alt=\"investigating digital threat trolling amplification ecosystem\" \/><\/p>\n<p><em>Trolleme kampanyas\u0131n\u0131n geni\u015fleme ekosisteminin farkl\u0131 unsurlar\u0131. Resim: Luis Assardo&#8217;nun izniyle yer verilmektedir.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong>Sald\u0131r\u0131 Operasyonu<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>A\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki ak\u0131\u015f \u015femas\u0131 bize bir anlat\u0131y\u0131 yaymak i\u00e7in sosyal medyada temel bir i\u015flemi g\u00f6steriyor.<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>\u0130\u00e7eri\u011fi ayarlama:<\/strong> \u0130lk g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fcz \u015fey, trolleme i\u00e7eri\u011fi (uydurma, yanl\u0131\u015f, \u00fczerinde oynanm\u0131\u015f vb.) yay\u0131nlayan \u00e7e\u015fitli tek kullan\u0131ml\u0131k sahte hesaplar (sar\u0131 renkli) grubudur. Bu hesaplar\u0131n etkile\u015fimi olamaz; ama\u00e7lar\u0131 daha sonra daha geni\u015f kitlelere g\u00f6nderilecek i\u00e7eri\u011fi yay\u0131nlamakt\u0131r.<\/li>\n<li><strong style=\"font-size: 19.55px;\">Bu i\u00e7erik, k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 renkli hesap grubu:<\/strong> Troller ve tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015f ki\u015filer taraf\u0131ndan \u00e7ekilecek ve belirli kitlelere (\u00e7o\u011funlukla destek\u00e7iler veya radikalle\u015ftirilmi\u015f kullan\u0131c\u0131lar) da\u011f\u0131t\u0131lacakt\u0131r. Bu k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 hesaplar, i\u00e7eri\u011fi kullanarak rakipleri k\u0131\u015fk\u0131rt\u0131r ve destek\u00e7ilerle etkile\u015fim kurar. Platformun (Twitter veya Meta) bu i\u00e7erik i\u00e7in rapor almas\u0131 durumunda, k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 olanlar &#8220;yaln\u0131zca&#8221; di\u011fer hesaplar taraf\u0131ndan g\u00f6nderilen bir \u015feyi payla\u015ft\u0131klar\u0131ndan herhangi bir sorun veya ask\u0131ya alma i\u015fleminden ka\u00e7\u0131nacakt\u0131r. Her hal\u00fckarda ask\u0131ya al\u0131nan hesaplar sar\u0131 hesaplard\u0131r. Troller bu \u015fekilde kapat\u0131lmaktan kurtulur.<\/li>\n<li><strong style=\"font-size: 19.55px;\">Provokasyon ve\/veya angajman:<\/strong> Ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti\u011finde ve ye\u015fil gruptaki hesaplara ula\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131nda organik olarak yay\u0131lacak ve daha geni\u015f bir kitleye ula\u015facakt\u0131r. Bu ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftikten sonra, sar\u0131 renkteki ba\u015fka bir hesap grubu (veya hen\u00fcz ask\u0131ya al\u0131nmam\u0131\u015fsa ayn\u0131s\u0131), ye\u015fil hesaplardan gelen g\u00f6nderileri g\u00fc\u00e7lendirecektir.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/gijn.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/unnamed-1-771x433.png\" alt=\"investigating digital threat cyber trolling campaign\" \/><\/p>\n<p><em>Trolleme kampanyas\u0131n\u0131n kullan\u0131ma sunma stratejisinin ak\u0131\u015f \u015femas\u0131. Resim: Luis Assardo&#8217;nun izniyle yer verilmektedir.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong>Ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131 Gazeteciler Trolleri Nas\u0131l Tespit Edebilir ve Analiz Edebilir?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Trolleri ara\u015ft\u0131rman\u0131n iki ana ad\u0131m\u0131 vard\u0131r: Alg\u0131lama ve Analiz.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Tespit etme<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Tespit a\u015famas\u0131nda, koordineli g\u00f6nderme, tekrarlanan mesajla\u015fma veya olumsuz yorumlar\u0131n veya etkile\u015fimlerin aniden artmas\u0131 gibi \u015f\u00fcpheli davran\u0131\u015f veya i\u00e7erik kal\u0131plar\u0131n\u0131 izlemek ve belirlemek \u00e7ok \u00f6nemlidir. Bunu yapmak i\u00e7in sosyal dinleme ve sosyal izleme ara\u00e7lar\u0131na ihtiyac\u0131m\u0131z var. Trollerin aktif olabilece\u011fi sosyal medya platformlar\u0131n\u0131, \u00e7evrim i\u00e7i forumlar\u0131 ve di\u011fer dijital alanlar\u0131 takip etmemize izin veriyorlar. Ayr\u0131ca sald\u0131r\u0131 alt\u0131nda olabilecek herhangi bir \u0130nternet kullan\u0131c\u0131s\u0131ndan bilgi almak i\u00e7in g\u00fcvenli bir kanal olu\u015fturmak \u00f6nemlidir. Herhangi bir hedefli sald\u0131r\u0131, doxxing veya tehdit belirtisi, potansiyel bir kampanyan\u0131n erken tan\u0131mlanmas\u0131na yard\u0131mc\u0131 olabilir.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Analiz<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Analiz a\u015famas\u0131nda gazeteciler, koordineli bir kampanyan\u0131n par\u00e7as\u0131 olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirlemek i\u00e7in \u015f\u00fcpheli etkinli\u011fin i\u00e7eri\u011fini, zamanlamas\u0131n\u0131 ve kayna\u011f\u0131n\u0131 incelemelidir. Bu, tutarl\u0131l\u0131k i\u00e7in mesajlar\u0131 ke\u015ffetmeyi, dahil olan profilleri analiz etmeyi (hesap olu\u015fturma tarihleri, g\u00f6nderi modelleri ve etkile\u015fimler veya hashtag&#8217;ler arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla bilinen di\u011fer trol hesaplara ba\u011flant\u0131lar dahil) ve kampanyan\u0131n hedeflenen bireyler veya topluluklar \u00fczerindeki potansiyel etkisini de\u011ferlendirmeyi i\u00e7erir.<\/p>\n<p>Mesajlar\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7lendirmek i\u00e7in olu\u015fturulan hesaplardan bir tweet \u00f6rne\u011fi. Bu Tweetler, yak\u0131n zamanda (24 saatten k\u0131sa bir s\u00fcre i\u00e7inde) olu\u015fturulmu\u015f hesaplar\u0131n, \u00fczerinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131klar\u0131 hashtag&#8217;i i\u00e7eren her hesab\u0131 retweet etti\u011fini g\u00f6steriyor. Ve bunlar, ayn\u0131 \u015feyi yapan 200&#8217;den fazla hesaptan olu\u015fan daha b\u00fcy\u00fck bir a\u011f\u0131n par\u00e7as\u0131yd\u0131. \u00a0<a rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/digitalinspiration.com\/product\/twitter-archiver\">Twitter Archiver<\/a>,\u00a0<a rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.tweetarchivist.com\/\">Tweet Archivist<\/a> ve tweet&#8217;leri indirmek i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lan di\u011fer ara\u00e7lar gibi belirli ara\u00e7larla, ayn\u0131 g\u00fcn ve saatte olu\u015fturulan, ayn\u0131 mesajlar\u0131 ve ayn\u0131 zaman dilimlerinde y\u00fcksek yo\u011funluklu etkinli\u011fi payla\u015fan hesaplar\u0131 tespit edebiliriz.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/gijn.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/unnamed-2-771x449.png\" alt=\"investigation trolling twitter amplification analysis\" \/><\/p>\n<p><em>Trolleme kampanyas\u0131nda kullan\u0131lan bir Twitter hesab\u0131 s\u00fcr\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fc takip eden bir e-tablo. Resim: Luis Assardo&#8217;nun izniyle yer verilmektedir.<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Bu metodoloji, potansiyel trol hesaplar\u0131n\u0131 tespit etmek ve analiz etmek i\u00e7in kullanabilece\u011finiz bir s\u00fcreci \u00f6zetlemektedir.<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\u015e\u00fcpheli etkinlik veya \u00e7evrim i\u00e7i tart\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n tonunda veya i\u00e7eri\u011findeki ani de\u011fi\u015fiklikler i\u00e7in<strong> sosyal medya platformlar\u0131n\u0131 izleyin.<\/strong><\/li>\n<li>Trolleme veya taciz kampanyalar\u0131yla ili\u015fkili olabilecek belirli anahtar kelimeleri, hashtag&#8217;leri veya c\u00fcmleleri izlemek i\u00e7in \u00a0<a rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.brandwatch.com\/\">Brandwatch<\/a>,\u00a0<a rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.meltwater.com\/en\">Meltwater<\/a>,\u00a0<a rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/brand24.com\/\">Brand24<\/a>,\u00a0<a rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.talkwalker.com\/\">Talkwalker<\/a> vb. gibi <strong>sosyal dinleme ara\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 kullan\u0131n.<\/strong><\/li>\n<li>Hesaplar aras\u0131ndaki ba\u011flant\u0131lar\u0131 g\u00f6rselle\u015ftirmek ve potansiyel koordinasyonu belirlemek i\u00e7in \u00a0<a rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.graphext.com\/\">Graphext<\/a>,\u00a0<a rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.graphistry.com\/\">Graphistry<\/a>,\u00a0<a rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/gephi.org\/\">Gephi<\/a>,\u00a0or\u00a0<a rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/nodexlgraphgallery.org\/Pages\/Registration.aspx\">NodeXL<\/a>\u00a0 ya da <a rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/sites.google.com\/site\/ucinetsoftware\/download?authuser=0\">UCINet<\/a> (yaln\u0131zca Windows).<\/li>\n<li>gibi <strong>a\u011f analizi ara\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 kullan\u0131n.<\/strong><\/li>\n<li>Kal\u0131plar, ba\u011flant\u0131lar veya dezenformasyon belirtileri i\u00e7in <strong>mesajlar\u0131n i\u00e7eri\u011fini analiz edin.<\/strong><\/li>\n<li>Hesap olu\u015fturma tarihleri, g\u00f6nderi modelleri ve bilinen trol hesaplar\u0131na ba\u011flant\u0131lar dahil olmak \u00fczere<strong> potansiyel trollerin profillerini ara\u015ft\u0131r\u0131n.<\/strong><\/li>\n<li>Bulgular\u0131 do\u011frulamak ve ek i\u00e7g\u00f6r\u00fcler elde etmek i\u00e7in di\u011fer gazeteciler, dezenformasyon ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar\u0131 veya siber g\u00fcvenlik uzmanlar\u0131yla <strong>i\u015f birli\u011fi yap\u0131n.<\/strong><\/li>\n<li>Ekran g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fclerini ve <a rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/web\/\">Wayback Machine<\/a> gibi <strong>genel ar\u015fivleri kullanarak verileri belgeleyin ve koruyun.<\/strong><\/li>\n<li>Fark\u0131ndal\u0131\u011f\u0131 art\u0131rmak ve etkilerini azaltmaya yard\u0131mc\u0131 olmak i\u00e7in belirlenen kampanyalar hakk\u0131nda r<strong>apor olu\u015fturun.<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>Trolleme kampanyalar\u0131n\u0131 belirlemek, analiz etmek ve g\u00f6rselle\u015ftirmek i\u00e7in kullan\u0131labilecek ara\u00e7lar da var.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Veri g\u00f6rselle\u015ftirme ara\u00e7lar\u0131: <a rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.tableau.com\/\">Tableau<\/a>,\u00a0<a rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/d3js.org\/\">D3.js<\/a>, ya da <a rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/datastudio.withgoogle.com\/\">Google Data Studio<\/a>.<\/li>\n<li>A\u00e7\u0131k kaynakl\u0131 istihbarat (OSINT) ara\u00e7lar\u0131: \u00a0<a rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.maltego.com\/\">Maltego<\/a>,\u00a0<a rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/tweetdeck.twitter.com\/\">TweetDeck<\/a>, ya da <a rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/advanced_search\">Google Advanced Search<\/a>.<\/li>\n<li>Do\u011frulama referanslar\u0131: <a rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.snopes.com\/\">Snopes<\/a>,\u00a0<a rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.factcheck.org\/\">FactCheck.org<\/a>, ya da <a rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/fullfact.org\/\">Full Fact<\/a>.<\/li>\n<li>Sosyal medya platformlar\u0131n\u0131n\u00a0(<a rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/help.twitter.com\/en\/rules-and-policies\">Twitter<\/a>,\u00a0<a rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/transparency.fb.com\/policies\/community-standards\/?source=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.facebook.com%2Fcommunitystandards%2F\">Facebook<\/a>,\u00a0<a rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.tiktok.com\/community-guidelines?lang=en\">TikTok<\/a>\u00a0vb.) Hizmet \u015eartlar\u0131, kurallar\u0131 ve politikalar\u0131.<\/li>\n<li>Verilerinizi ve ileti\u015fiminizi korumak i\u00e7in dijital g\u00fcvenlik ara\u00e7lar\u0131. Bulgular\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 korumak i\u00e7in \u015fifreleme kullan\u0131n.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Trolleme, genellikle bu tabloda g\u00f6sterildi\u011fi gibi ger\u00e7ek bir ad veya kimlik kullanan veya sahte veya takma ad kullanan hesaplar taraf\u0131ndan ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilir:<\/p>\n<table class=\"mtr-table mtr-tr-td\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td data-mtr-content=\"Hesap Tipi\" class=\"mtr-td-tag\"><div class=\"mtr-cell-content\">Hesap Tipi<\/div><\/td>\n<td data-mtr-content=\"Tan\u0131mland\u0131 (ger\u00e7ek ad)\" class=\"mtr-td-tag\"><div class=\"mtr-cell-content\">Tan\u0131mland\u0131 (ger\u00e7ek ad)<\/div><\/td>\n<td data-mtr-content=\"Anonim\/takma ads\u0131z\" class=\"mtr-td-tag\"><div class=\"mtr-cell-content\">Anonim\/takma ads\u0131z<\/div><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td data-mtr-content=\"Hesap Tipi\" class=\"mtr-td-tag\"><div class=\"mtr-cell-content\">Ger\u00e7ek<\/div><\/td>\n<td data-mtr-content=\"Tan\u0131mland\u0131 (ger\u00e7ek ad)\" class=\"mtr-td-tag\"><div class=\"mtr-cell-content\">\u00a0A\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a tan\u0131mlanm\u0131\u015f ger\u00e7ek ki\u015fi<\/div><\/td>\n<td data-mtr-content=\"Anonim\/takma ads\u0131z\" class=\"mtr-td-tag\"><div class=\"mtr-cell-content\">Kimli\u011fi belirsiz bir hesap kullanan ger\u00e7ek ki\u015fi.<\/div><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td data-mtr-content=\"Hesap Tipi\" class=\"mtr-td-tag\"><div class=\"mtr-cell-content\">Sahte<\/div><\/td>\n<td data-mtr-content=\"Tan\u0131mland\u0131 (ger\u00e7ek ad)\" class=\"mtr-td-tag\"><div class=\"mtr-cell-content\">Botlar, kimli\u011fe b\u00fcr\u00fcnme ve parodi hesaplar, genellikle hizmetler veya e\u011flence amac\u0131yla tan\u0131mlan\u0131r.<\/div><\/td>\n<td data-mtr-content=\"Anonim\/takma ads\u0131z\" class=\"mtr-td-tag\"><div class=\"mtr-cell-content\">Botlar, kukla hesaplar ve parodi hesaplar dezenformasyon veya taciz yay\u0131yor.<\/div><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><strong>Trolleri A\u00e7\u0131\u011fa \u00c7\u0131karma: Bulgular\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 Payla\u015fmak \u0130\u00e7in En \u0130yi Uygulamalar<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Trollemeyle ilgili herhangi bir rapor d\u00f6rt temel \u00f6\u011fe i\u00e7ermelidir: \u0130\u015fleyi\u015f tarz\u0131, kullan\u0131lan i\u00e7eri\u011fin t\u00fcr\u00fc, kas\u0131tl\u0131l\u0131k (kan\u0131tlanm\u0131\u015fsa) ve at\u0131f (kan\u0131tlanm\u0131\u015fsa).<\/p>\n<p>Birincisi, taciz veya trolleme kampanyas\u0131 hakk\u0131nda ba\u011flam ve arka plan bilgisi sa\u011flamak \u00f6nemlidir. Bu, kampanyan\u0131n, hedeflenen bireylerin veya topluluklar\u0131n ve daha geni\u015f sosyal veya politik meselelerle olas\u0131 ba\u011flant\u0131lar\u0131n arkas\u0131ndaki kayna\u011f\u0131n ve motivasyonlar\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131klanmas\u0131n\u0131 i\u00e7erir. Bu ba\u011flam\u0131n sa\u011flanmas\u0131, okuyucular\u0131n kampanyan\u0131n \u00f6nemini ve potansiyel sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 anlamalar\u0131na yard\u0131mc\u0131 olur. Sansasyon yaratmaktan ka\u00e7\u0131nmak \u00e7ok \u00f6nemlidir.<\/p>\n<p>Ortaya koydu\u011funuz kampanyan\u0131n tespitini ve analizini destekleyen metodoloji ve kan\u0131tlar\u0131 eklemelisiniz. Ara\u015ft\u0131rmada kullan\u0131lan ara\u00e7lar\u0131, teknikleri ve veri kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131k ve objektif bir tonla a\u00e7\u0131klay\u0131n. \u015eeffaf bir analiz, raporlaman\u0131z\u0131n g\u00fcvenilirli\u011fini olu\u015fturmaya yard\u0131mc\u0131 olur ve kamuoyunun anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131 i\u00e7in sa\u011flam bir temel sa\u011flar.<\/p>\n<p>Raporlaman\u0131z\u0131n etik sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 da g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcnde bulundurun. Trollerin veya tacizcilerin mesajlar\u0131n\u0131 veya taktiklerini sald\u0131rgan i\u00e7erik \u00fcreterek veya i\u00e7eriklerini b\u00fcy\u00fcterek b\u00fcy\u00fctmemeye dikkat edin. Bu onlar\u0131n hedefi olabilir. Hassas ki\u015fisel bilgileri veya g\u00f6rselleri onlar\u0131n r\u0131zas\u0131 olmadan payla\u015fmayarak hedeflenen ki\u015filerin mahremiyetini ve g\u00fcvenli\u011fini her zaman koruyun.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Taciz kampanyalar\u0131 ve troll\u00fckle ilgili bir rapora dahil edilecek bilgilerin bir d\u00f6k\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc burada bulabilirsiniz.<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Kampanya hakk\u0131nda ba\u011flam ve arka plan bilgileri.<\/li>\n<li>Hedeflenen bireyler veya topluluklar.<\/li>\n<li>Tacizcilerin veya trollerin motivasyonlar\u0131 ve hedefleri.<\/li>\n<li>Koordinasyon veya organize \u00e7abalar\u0131n kan\u0131t\u0131.<\/li>\n<li>Tan\u0131mlama ve analiz i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lan metodoloji ve ara\u00e7lar.<\/li>\n<li>Mesajlar\u0131n hacmi veya tacizin ciddiyeti gibi nicel ve nitel veriler.<\/li>\n<li>Hedeflenen bireyler veya topluluklar \u00fczerindeki potansiyel sonu\u00e7lar ve etki.<\/li>\n<li>\u0130lgiliyse, daha geni\u015f sosyal veya politik meselelerle ba\u011flant\u0131lar.<\/li>\n<li>Sorunu \u00e7\u00f6zmek i\u00e7in sosyal medya platformlar\u0131, kolluk kuvvetleri veya di\u011fer ilgili taraflarca ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilen t\u00fcm i\u015flemler.<strong>Ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131 gazeteciler haber yaparken bu unsurlardan ka\u00e7\u0131nmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/strong><\/li>\n<li>Kampanyan\u0131n etkisini sansasyonelle\u015ftirmek veya abartmak.<\/li>\n<li>A\u00e7\u0131k bir gazetecilik amac\u0131 olmaks\u0131z\u0131n rahats\u0131z edici veya zararl\u0131 i\u00e7eri\u011fi \u00e7o\u011faltmak.<\/li>\n<li>Trollerin veya tacizcilerin ama\u00e7lar\u0131na veya mesajlar\u0131na gere\u011finden fazla \u00f6nem vermek.<\/li>\n<li>Hassas bilgileri veya g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcleri izinsiz payla\u015farak hedeflenen ki\u015filerin gizlili\u011fini veya g\u00fcvenli\u011fini ihlal etmek.<\/li>\n<li>Yeterli kan\u0131t olmadan tacizcilerin veya trollerin motivasyonlar\u0131 veya kimlikleri hakk\u0131nda spek\u00fclasyon yapmak.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>\u00d6rnek \u00c7al\u0131\u015fmalar<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>K\u00f6kenlerini, stratejilerini ve taktiklerini biliyoruz ancak bir troll\u00fck kampanyas\u0131 neye benziyor? Bu \u00f6rnekler, b\u00fcy\u00fck miktarda i\u00e7eri\u011fi kapsayan ve \u00e7o\u011fu sahte binlerce hesab\u0131 i\u00e7eren iyi finanse edilmi\u015f kampanyalar\u0131 g\u00f6stermektedir.<\/p>\n<p><strong><a rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2018\/10\/20\/us\/politics\/saudi-image-campaign-twitter.html\">Suudilerin \u0130maj Olu\u015fturucular\u0131<\/a>: Bir Trol Ordusu ve Bir Twitter Insider &#8211; The New York Times<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Jamal Khashoggi, 2018&#8217;de suikasta kurban giden Suudi muhalif bir gazeteciydi. Ondan \u00f6nce, kendisini ve Suudi Arabistan&#8217;\u0131 ele\u015ftiren di\u011fer ki\u015fileri susturmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan b\u00fcy\u00fck bir trolleme kampanyas\u0131 y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fcld\u00fc. Dezenformasyon ve karalama kampanyalar\u0131 yaymak i\u00e7in devlet destekli bir a\u011f kulland\u0131lar. Bu, <a rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.degruyter.com\/document\/doi\/10.1515\/opis-2020-0118\/html?lang=en\">trol kampanyalar\u0131n\u0131 izlemenin ve kaynaklarla geleneksel haberlerin b\u00fcy\u00fck dezenformasyon operasyonlar\u0131n\u0131, kullan\u0131lan kaynaklar\u0131 ve bunlar\u0131n arkas\u0131nda kimin oldu\u011funu nas\u0131l ortaya \u00e7\u0131karabilece\u011finin iyi bir \u00f6rne\u011fi.<\/a><\/p>\n<p><strong><a rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.icfj.org\/sites\/default\/files\/2021-03\/Maria%20Ressa-%20Fighting%20an%20Onslaught%20of%20Online%20Violence_0.pdf\">Maria Ressa: \u00c7evrim i\u00e7i \u015eiddet Sald\u0131r\u0131s\u0131yla M\u00fccadele<\/a> \u2014 Uluslararas\u0131 Gazeteciler Merkezi (ICFJ)<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>ICFJ, 2021&#8217;de Nobel Bar\u0131\u015f \u00d6d\u00fcl\u00fc&#8217;n\u00fc kazanan gazeteci <a rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.rappler.com\/\">Rappler<\/a> CEO&#8217;su <a rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.rappler.com\/author\/maria-a-ressa\/\">Maria Ressa<\/a>&#8216;ya kar\u015f\u0131 y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclen trol kampanyas\u0131n\u0131n bir par\u00e7as\u0131 olarak be\u015f y\u0131ll\u0131k bir s\u00fcre i\u00e7inde yay\u0131nlanan 400.000&#8217;den fazla tweet&#8217;i ve 57.000 herkese a\u00e7\u0131k Facebook g\u00f6nderisini ve yorumunu analiz etti. Veri toplama ve g\u00f6rselle\u015ftirme ara\u00e7lar\u0131 kullanarak, sald\u0131rganlar\u0131n nas\u0131l \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 anlamay\u0131 ba\u015fard\u0131 ve kaynaklar\u0131 ve yazarlar\u0131 belirleyebildi. Burada anahtar fakt\u00f6r maruz kal\u0131nan davran\u0131\u015f. \u015eiddet d\u00fczeyi, bir kez atfedildi\u011finde, sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131n arkas\u0131ndaki insanlar\u0131 tan\u0131mlar.<\/p>\n<p><strong><a rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.icfj.org\/sites\/default\/files\/2023-02\/Rana%20Ayyub_Case%20Study_ICFJ.pdf\">Rana Eyyub: Kad\u0131n D\u00fc\u015fmanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve \u0130slamofobinin Kesi\u015fim Noktas\u0131nda Hedeflenen \u00c7evrim i\u00e7i \u015eiddet<\/a> \u2014 ICFJ<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Rana Eyyub, \u00f6d\u00fcll\u00fc bir ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131 gazeteci ve Washington Post k\u00f6\u015fe yazar\u0131d\u0131r. Hindistan&#8217;daki \u015fiddet ve insan haklar\u0131 ihlalleri hakk\u0131ndaki yorumlar\u0131, g\u00fcvenilirli\u011fine y\u00f6nelik sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra cinsiyet\u00e7i ve kad\u0131n d\u00fc\u015fman\u0131 tehditleri i\u00e7eren bir trolleme kampanyas\u0131na yol a\u00e7t\u0131. Ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar, uzun y\u0131llar boyunca ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131n bir zaman \u00e7izelgesini olu\u015fturdu ve yakla\u015f\u0131k 13 milyon tweet&#8217;i ve g\u00fc\u00e7lendirmeye dahil olan geleneksel medyadan gelen i\u00e7eri\u011fi analiz etti.<\/p>\n<p><strong><a rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/forbiddenstories.org\/story-killers\/digital-influencers\/\">Trump Destek\u00e7ilerinden \u0130nsan Haklar\u0131 Avukat\u0131na: Bir Gazeteciyi Taciz Eden Dijital Etkileyenler<\/a> \u2014 Forbidden Stories<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u015eubat 2023&#8217;te Forbidden Stories, <a rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/forbiddenstories.org\/case\/story-killers\/\">Story Killers<\/a> adl\u0131 ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 bir ara\u015ft\u0131rma yay\u0131nlad\u0131. Soru\u015fturman\u0131n bir k\u0131sm\u0131, El Cezire i\u00e7in \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan k\u0131demli bir gazeteci olan Ghada Oueiss&#8217;e kar\u015f\u0131 troll\u00fck i\u00e7eren bir operasyonu ortaya \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131. Olay\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131ran gazeteciler, taciz kampanyas\u0131na dahil olan ana profillerin izini s\u00fcrd\u00fcler ve ilgili a\u011flara yap\u0131lan \u00e7apraz referanslar\u0131 buldular.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Ek Kaynaklar<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/gijn.org\/2023\/08\/06\/dijital-tehdit-ortamini-arastirmak\/\">Dijital Tehdit Ortam\u0131n\u0131 Ara\u015ft\u0131rmak<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/gijn.org\/2023\/07\/28\/dijital-tehditlerin-arastirilmasi-dezenformasyon\/\">Dijital Tehditleri Ara\u015ft\u0131rmak: Dezenformasyon<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/gijn.org\/2023\/08\/06\/dijital-tehditlerin-arastirilmasi-dijital-altyapi\/\">Dijital Tehditleri Ara\u015ft\u0131rmak: Dijital Altyap\u0131<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft\" src=\"https:\/\/gijn.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/Screenshot-2023-05-18-at-18.12.13-140x140.png\" \/><a rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/linktr.ee\/luisassardo\">Luis Assardo<\/a>, serbest \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan bir dijital g\u00fcvenlik e\u011fitmeni, a\u00e7\u0131k kaynak ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131s\u0131 ve veri gazetecisi ve dezenformasyonla m\u00fccadeleye y\u00f6nelik\u00a0 Guatemala projesi <a rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/confirmado.org\/\">Confirmado<\/a>&#8216;nun kurucusudur. Trol fabrikalar\u0131, dezenformasyon, radikalle\u015fme, nefret s\u00f6ylemi ve etkileme operasyonlar\u0131 \u00fczerine yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 inceleme ve ara\u015ft\u0131rmalarla \u00f6d\u00fcller kazand\u0131. Berlin&#8217;de ya\u015f\u0131yor ve <a rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.reporter-ohne-grenzen.de\/\">S\u0131n\u0131r Tan\u0131mayan Gazeteciler (RSF)<\/a>, <a rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.holistic-protection.eu\/\"><i>Holistic Protection Collective<\/i><\/a><i> (HPC)\u00a0<\/i>ve di\u011fer insan haklar\u0131 \u00f6rg\u00fctleriyle \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yor.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Gazeteci ve dijital g\u00fcvenlik e\u011fitmeni Luis Assardo taraf\u0131ndan haz\u0131rlanan GIJN&#8217;nin siber ve dijital tehditler hakk\u0131ndaki k\u0131lavuzunun d\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc ve son b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc, \u0130nternet ordular\u0131n\u0131n ve \u00e7evrim i\u00e7i trol kampanyalar\u0131n\u0131n nas\u0131l ara\u015ft\u0131r\u0131laca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kaps\u0131yor.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3031167,"featured_media":1241526,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_price":"","_stock":"","_tribe_ticket_header":"","_tribe_default_ticket_provider":"","_tribe_ticket_capacity":"0","_ticket_start_date":"","_ticket_end_date":"","_tribe_ticket_show_description":"","_tribe_ticket_show_not_going":false,"_tribe_ticket_use_global_stock":"","_tribe_ticket_global_stock_level":"","_global_stock_mode":"","_global_stock_cap":"","_tribe_rsvp_for_event":"","_tribe_ticket_going_count":"","_tribe_ticket_not_going_count":"","_tribe_tickets_list":"[]","_tribe_ticket_has_attendee_info_fields":false,"republication-tracker-tool-hide-widget":false,"footnotes":"","_tec_slr_enabled":"","_tec_slr_layout":""},"categories":[23203,23200,23202],"tags":[22291,22290],"gijn_topic":[19189],"series":[],"gijn_language":[],"gijn_region":[],"class_list":["post-1214158","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-bolum","category-kaynak","category-kilavuz","tag-arac-ve-teknik-tr","tag-siber-arastirmalar-tr","gijn_topic-arastirma"],"acf":[],"ticketed":false,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/gijn.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1214158","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/gijn.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/gijn.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gijn.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3031167"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gijn.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1214158"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"https:\/\/gijn.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1214158\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1241552,"href":"https:\/\/gijn.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1214158\/revisions\/1241552"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gijn.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1241526"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/gijn.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1214158"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gijn.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1214158"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gijn.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1214158"},{"taxonomy":"gijn_topic","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gijn.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/gijn_topic?post=1214158"},{"taxonomy":"series","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gijn.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/series?post=1214158"},{"taxonomy":"gijn_language","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gijn.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/gijn_language?post=1214158"},{"taxonomy":"gijn_region","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gijn.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/gijn_region?post=1214158"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}