{"id":223577,"date":"2020-03-20T18:35:38","date_gmt":"2020-03-20T22:35:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/gijn.org\/?p=223577"},"modified":"2025-03-13T04:55:12","modified_gmt":"2025-03-13T08:55:12","slug":"mwongozo-kwa-wanahabari-wanaoripoti-kuhusu-covid-19","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/gijn.org\/sw\/ripoti\/mwongozo-kwa-wanahabari-wanaoripoti-kuhusu-covid-19\/","title":{"rendered":"Mwongozo Kwa Wanahabari Wanaoripoti Kuhusu COVID-19"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Kirusi kipya cha korona kimekuwa taarifa kuu zaidi duniani. Kufikia sasa kimesambaa katika mataifa zaidi ya 100, kuwaua watu 4,262 na kuwaambukiza zaidi ya 118,101. Hii ni kwa mujibu wa takwimu za punde zaidi za ramani ya <a rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/gisanddata.maps.arcgis.com\/apps\/opsdashboard\/index.html#\/bda7594740fd40299423467b48e9ecf6\">Johns Hopkins University &amp; Medicine kuhusu COVID-19<\/a>. Dharura hii ya afya ya umma ya kimataifa ni <a rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-51318246\">moja kati ya dharura sita zilizotangazwa miaka ya hivi karibuni na Shirika la Afya duniani (WHO).<\/a> Dharura ya kwanza kutangazwa ilikuwa homa ya nguruwe. Tayari, ugonjwa huu umesababisha hasara ya mabilioni ya dola katika uchumi wa dunia. Kulingana na Bloomberg, hasara hii huenda ikafikia <a rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/graphics\/2020-coronavirus-pandemic-global-economic-risk\/\">dola trilioni 2.7<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>Licha ya kuwepo kwa takwimu hizi na makadirio, ni vigumu kubaini umbali ambao COVID-19 huenda kikasambaa na matokeo yake yatakuwa gani. Hali hii inawapa wanahabari duniani kote changamoto ya kuripoti kuhusu mlipuko wa ugonjwa huu. Baadhi ya changamoto hizi ni uwezekano wao wa kuambukizwa, kukabiliana na habari zisizo sahihi kuhusu ugonjwa wa korona, na hitaji la kuripoti bila kuzua hofu miongoni mwa walimwengu.<\/p>\n<p>Ili kuwaongoza wanahabari katika utendakazi wao, Miraj Chowdhury wa GIJN alikusanya mashauri kutoka kwa mashirika mbali mbali ya habari, wanahabari wazoefu na wataalamu. Tunaendelea kutoa miongozo ya kuripoti, ikiwemo miongozo katika lugha za kikanda za GIJN na katika <a href=\"https:\/\/gijn.org\/join-our-global-community\/\">mitandao yetu ya kijamii<\/a>. Kwa sasa, unaweza kupata mwongozo wa <a href=\"https:\/\/gijn.org\/2020\/03\/09\/%e0%a6%95%e0%a6%b0%e0%a7%8b%e0%a6%a8%e0%a6%be%e0%a6%ad%e0%a6%be%e0%a6%87%e0%a6%b0%e0%a6%be%e0%a6%b8-%e0%a6%96%e0%a6%ac%e0%a6%b0-%e0%a6%b8%e0%a6%82%e0%a6%97%e0%a7%8d%e0%a6%b0%e0%a6%b9\/\">Bangla COVID-19 hapa<\/a><u>,<\/u> na makala ya GIJN-Uchina kuhusu <a href=\"https:\/\/cn.gijn.org\/2020\/03\/03\/ncov-data\/\">taswira ya COVID-19 kwenye vyombo vya habari vya Uchina<\/a>. Kadhalika tuna <a href=\"https:\/\/gijn.org\/2020\/03\/10\/what-investigative-reporters-around-the-world-need-to-be-asking-about-covid-19\/\">vidokezo vya upekuzi wa habari kutoka kwa Thomas Abraham<\/a>, mtaalamu wa magonjwa ya maambukizi na mwandishi wa vitabu kuhusu SARS na polio.<\/p>\n<h4>Uwajibikaji katika Kuripoti<\/h4>\n<aside class=\"module align-right half type-pull-quote\"><em>\u201cMakala hizi mara nyingi zilitumia lugha inayotisha; kwa mfano, makala 50 zilitumia maneno \u2018kirusi kinachoua\u2019 <\/em><em>\u2014Karin Wall-Jorgensen, Cardiff University<\/em><\/aside>\n<p>Katika utafiti wake wa punde zaidi, <a rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/karinwahlj\">Karin Wahl-Jorgensen<\/a>, mhadhiri wa uanahabari katika chuo kikuu cha Cardiff aliangazia jinsi magazeti 100 yanayosambazwa sana kote duniani yalivyotumia lugha inayozua hofu katika ripoti zao kuhusu COVID-19. Alibaini kuwa moja kati ya makala tisa kuhusu COVID-19 ilitaja neno \u201chofu\u201d au maneno yanayokaribiana, likiwemo \u201ckuogopa.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>\u201cMakala hizi mara nyingi zilitumia lugha inayotisha; kwa mfano, makala 50 zilitumia maneno \u2018<em>kirusi kinachoua\u2019<\/em>,\u2019\u201d <a rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.niemanlab.org\/2020\/02\/feeling-panicked-about-coronavirus-media-coverage-of-new-epidemics-often-stokes-unnecessary-fear\/\">anaandika kwenye makala hii ya Nieman Lab<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>Twawezaje basi kujiepusha na kuzua hofu huku tukiendelea kuripoti kwa kina na usawa? Kulingana na <a rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/atompkins\">Al Tompkins<\/a> wa Poynter (anayenuia kutoa <a rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.poynter.org\/reporting-editing\/2020\/how-to-move-beyond-scary-covid-19-stories\/\">jarida la kila siku<\/a> kuhusu COVID-19), suluhu ni <a rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.poynter.org\/reporting-editing\/2020\/how-newsrooms-can-tone-down-their-coronavirus-coverage-while-still-reporting-responsibly\/\">uwajibikaji katika kuripoti<\/a>. Ufuatao ni muhtasari wa mapendekezo yake.<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Punguza matumizi ya vivumishi vinavyoegemea hisia, maoni au mtazamo wa mtu binafsi; kwa mfano: ugonjwa \u201cunaoua\u201d au \u201cunaoweza kuua\u201d.<\/li>\n<li>Tumia picha kwa makini ili kujiepusha na usambazaji wa ujumbe usio sahihi.<\/li>\n<li>Elezea mbinu za kujikinga; hii itapunguza utisho wa makala yako.<\/li>\n<li>Kumbuka makala zinazotumia takwimu hazitishi sana ikilinganishwa na makala zinazoangazia maelezo au matukio ya watu binafsi.<\/li>\n<li>Jiepushe na vichwa vya habari vilivyo na mvuto wenye hila na uwe mbunifu katika kuwasilisha ujumbe wako.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>Katika <a rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.poynter.org\/newsletters\/2020\/a-guide-to-responsible-reporting-around-the-coronavirus-another-rough-news-week-for-the-news-business\/\">makala nyingine ya Poynter<\/a>, Tom Jones anasisitizia utafutaji wa kweli na wala sio hotuba. \u201cNi makala ya sayansi, sio ya kisiasa,\u201d anaandika. Bila shaka siasa zina sehemu yake lakini jihadhari usipotoshwe na vyanzo vya habari vya kisiasa vinavyoegemea upande fulani kuhusiana na COVID-19. Tegemea wataalamu wa kimatibabu.<\/p>\n<h4>Jinsi ya Kurejelea Kirusi cha Korona<\/h4>\n<p>Tangu kutokea kwa kirusi cha korona, wanahabari wamekuwa wakitumia majina tofauti kukirejelea. Kwa mfano, \u201ckirusi cha korona\u201d, \u201ckirusi kipya cha korona,\u201d au \u201ckirusi cha korona ambacho hakijawahi kutokea.\u201d \u201cHii ni kwa sababu kirusi hiki cha korona ni tofauti na virusi vingine vya korona ambavyo vimesababisha milipuko au ueneaji kwa aina yake. Kila kirusi hupewa jina na kila kimoja kilikuwa kipya au hakikujulikana kwa wakati mmoja,\u201d anasema Merrill Perlman kwenye <a rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cjr.org\/language_corner\/covid-19-coronavirus.php\">makala ya CJR ya hivi karibuni<\/a><u>. <\/u>Je, ungependa kujua zaidi kuhusu majina? Soma maelezo ya Shirika la Afya duniani (WHO) kuhusu <a rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.who.int\/emergencies\/diseases\/novel-coronavirus-2019\/technical-guidance\/naming-the-coronavirus-disease-(covid-2019)-and-the-virus-that-causes-it\">kwa nini virusi huwa na majina tofauti<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>Je, unapaswa kuurejelea vipi mlipuko wa ugonjwa wa korona? CNN wanatumia neno \u201cpandemia\u201d. <a rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2020\/03\/09\/health\/coronavirus-pandemic-gupta\/index.html\">Walieleza sababu zao za kutumia neno hilo<\/a>. Lakini WHO bado hawataja mlipuko wa ugonjwa wa korona kuwa ni pandemia, na <a rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.vox.com\/future-perfect\/2020\/3\/9\/21163412\/who-coronavirus-covid19-pandemic-world-health-organization\">wana sababu zao pia<\/a>. <em>[Tanbihi ya mhariri: WHO wamerekebisha tathmini yao ya hapo awali na tangu Machi 11, wamekuwa wakirejelea COVID-19 kama pandemia]<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Maneno ni muhimu. <a rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/apstylebook\/photos\/a.118833031473125\/1716947784994967\/?type=1&amp;theater\">Kwa mujibu wa Kitabu Cha Kanuni cha Associated Press,<\/a> \u201cepidemia ni uenezi wa haraka wa ugonjwa katika idadi fulani ya watu au eneo; pandemia ni epidemia iliyosambaa duniani kote.\u201d Wanapendekeza \u201ctumia kwa kiasi; fuata tamko la maafisa wa afya ya umma.\u201d Utapata vidokezo vingine katika <a rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.apstylebook.com\/topical_most_recent\">Kitabu cha Kanuni cha Associated Press kuhusu Kirusi cha Korona<\/a>.<\/p>\n<h4>Kujiweka Salama<\/h4>\n<p>Mlipuko wa ugonjwa unapotokea duniani kote, wanahabari hawawezi wakaripoti wakiwa wamejitenga kwa ajili ya uangalizi maalum. Tunahitaji kwenda kwenye matukio na hii inatuweka katika hatari ya kuambukizwa. Kamati ya Kuwalinda Wanahabari (CPJ) ilitoa <a rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/cpj.org\/2020\/02\/cpj-safety-advisory-covering-the-coronavirus-outbr.php\">ushauri wa kina<\/a> kwa wanahabari wanaoripoti kuhusu COVID-19. Ushauri huo unajumuisha maandalizi ya kabla ya kwenda matukioni, mbinu za kujikinga na maambukizi katika maeneo yaliyoathiriwa, mipango ya usafiri, na tahadhari za kuzingatia kazi inapomalizika. Ufuatao ni muhtasari wa mbinu muhimu za kuzingatia unapokuwa kwenye maeneo ya matukio:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Tumia glovu za kujikinga ikiwa unafanyia kazi au kutembelea eneo lililoathirika na maambukizi, kama vile kituo cha matibabu. Vifaa vinginevyo vya kujikinga kama vazi linalositiri mwili wote na barakoa huenda vikahitajika.<\/li>\n<li>Usitembelee masoko yenye viowevu (kunakouzwa nyama bichi au samaki), au mashamba yaliyoko kwenye maeneo yaliyoathirika. Jiepushe na kugusa moja kwa moja wanyama (walio hai au waliokufa) na mazingira yao. Usiguse maeneo ambayo huenda yana maambukizi yanayotokana na kinyesi cha wanyama.<\/li>\n<li>Ikiwa unafanyia kazi katika kituo cha afya, sokoni, au shambani, usithubutu kuweka vifaa vyako sakafuni. Hakikisha umevisafi vifaa vyako kikamilifu ukitumia bidhaa kama Meliseptol ili kuondoa viini vya maambukizi.<\/li>\n<li>Usile wala kunywa huku ukiwagusa wanyama, au ukiwa karibu na soko au shamba.<\/li>\n<li>Daima hakikisha unanawa mikono yako kikamilifu kwa maji moto na sabuni kabla, wakati na baada ya kuondoka katika eneo lililoathirika.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4>Wataalamu<\/h4>\n<div id=\"attachment_219641\" style=\"width: 346px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><a href=\"https:\/\/gijn.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/coronavirus-image4.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-219641\" class=\"wp-image-219641 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/gijn.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/coronavirus-image4-336x194.jpg\" alt=\"Coronavirus\" width=\"336\" height=\"194\" srcset=\"https:\/\/gijn.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/coronavirus-image4-336x194.jpg 336w, https:\/\/gijn.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/coronavirus-image4-771x446.jpg 771w, https:\/\/gijn.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/coronavirus-image4-768x444.jpg 768w, https:\/\/gijn.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/coronavirus-image4.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 336px) 100vw, 336px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-219641\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Picha: Pixabay<\/p><\/div>\n<p>Ili kuhakikisha una habari za punde zaidi, tembelea tovuti za <a rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.who.int\/emergencies\/diseases\/novel-coronavirus-2019\/advice-for-public\">WHO<\/a>, <a rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/coronavirus\/2019-ncov\/index.html?CDC_AA_refVal=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cdc.gov%2Fcoronavirus%2Fnovel-coronavirus-2019.html\">Centers for Disease Control and Prevention<\/a> (CDC) wenye makao yao nchini Marekani, na <a rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.gov.uk\/government\/publications\/wuhan-novel-coronavirus-background-information\/wuhan-novel-coronavirus-epidemiology-virology-and-clinical-features\">Public Health England<\/a> (PHE) ya Uingereza. Mapendekezo mengine ni <a rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/gisanddata.maps.arcgis.com\/apps\/opsdashboard\/index.html#\/bda7594740fd40299423467b48e9ecf6\">ramani ya Johns Hopkins University &amp; Medicine kuhusu COVID-19<\/a>, <a rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/coronavirus.jhu.edu\/\">kituo chake cha rasilimali kuhusu kirusi cha korona<\/a>, na <a rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.centerforhealthsecurity.org\/resources\/COVID-19\/index.html\">jarida<\/a> linalotoa taarifa za kila mara. Vilevile, fuatilia taasisi za serikali katika nchi yako zilizo na wajibu wa kutoa taarifa kuhusu mlipuko wa ugonjwa wa korona.<\/p>\n<p>Hazina ya Vifaa vya Mwanahabari iliyoundwa na The Society of Professional Journalists <a rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.journaliststoolbox.org\/2020\/03\/10\/flu_and_miscellaneous_medicalhealth_sites\/\">inaorodhesha rasilimali na vyanzo muhimu<\/a>. Zifuatazo ni baadhi yake:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ghsindex.org\/\">Global Health Security Index<\/a>, tathmini ya uwezo wa kuhakikisha usalama wa kiafya katika mataifa 195<\/li>\n<li><a rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/search.hhs.gov\/searchblox\/hhs\/index.html?query=coronavirus&amp;HHS=Search&amp;page=1&amp;pagesize=10&amp;sortdir=desc&amp;sort=relevance&amp;adsCname=HHS&amp;adsDisplay=true&amp;cname=hhsgov_only&amp;default=AND&amp;tune=true&amp;tune.0=10&amp;tune.1=8&amp;tune.2=2&amp;tune.3=5&amp;tune.4=365&amp;tune.5=30\">US Department of Health and Human Services: Coronavirus<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/travel.state.gov\/content\/travel.html\">US Travel.State.Gov<\/a> ili kujua ni mataifa gani ambayo ni hatari kuyatembelea.<\/li>\n<li><a rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.thenewsmarket.com\/\">The NewsMarket, Inc.<\/a> ili kupata picha na video.<\/li>\n<li><a rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.mpassport.com\/\">MPassport.com<\/a>, hifadhidata ya madaktari wanaozungumza Kiingereza katika mataifa 180.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Kwa mengi zaidi, tazama <a rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?time_continue=1&amp;v=ub2FCJpKzzs&amp;feature=emb_logo\">makala hii<\/a> ya National Press Club kutoka Washington, DC au <a rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NoBMfloINsY&amp;feature=youtu.be\">hii hapa<\/a> ya Kituo cha Uanahabari kuhusu Afya cha University of Southern California Annenberg.<\/p>\n<p>Ni vigumu kuwapata wataalamu wa ugonjwa wa korona. Kirusi chenyewe hakijulikani na hakiwezi kutabirika. Kadhalika, hamna watafiti au madaktari wa kutosha walio wataalamu wa COVID-19. Unapokuwa ukichagua wataalamu, zingatia <a rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/journalistsresource.org\/economics\/covid-19-coronavirus-epidemiology\/\">mapendekezo matano<\/a> ya <a rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.hsph.harvard.edu\/william-hanage\/\">William Hanage<\/a><u>, <\/u>mhadhiri wa epidemiolojia katika Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Chagua wataalamu kwa makini. Kupokea tuzo ya Nobel katika uwanja mmoja wa sayansi hakumfanyi mtu kuwa mtalaamu wa nyanja zote za sayansi. Kadhalika, kuwa na shahada ya uzamifu au mkufunzi wa chuo cha kifahari cha matibabu hakutoshi.<\/li>\n<li>Tofautisha kati ya jambo linalojulikana kuwa kweli na lile linalodhaniwa kuwa kweli \u2013 na pia lile ambalo ni makisio au maoni.<\/li>\n<li>Kuwa makini unaponukuu matokeo ya utafiti wa nakala za kiakademia ambazo bado hazijachapishwa.<\/li>\n<li>Waulize wanaakademia wakusaidie kutathmini ikiwa nadharia mpya na madai yanakidhi viwango vya habari. Ili kuzuia usambazaji wa habari zisizo sahihi, vyombo vya habari pia vinapaswa kuhakikisha maandishi yote yanayochapishwa mkabala na ukurasa wa tahariri ni kweli.<\/li>\n<li>Zisome kazi za wanahabari wanaoangazia mada za kisayansi kwa ufasaha.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4>Mawaidha kutoka kwa Wanahabari Wengine<\/h4>\n<aside class=\"module align-right half type-pull-quote\">Hatupigi vita mlipuko wa ugonjwa tu; tunapiga vita mlipuko wa habari \u2013 Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus, Mkurugenzi Mkuu wa Shirika la Afya duniani.<\/aside>\n<p>Tazama <a href=\"https:\/\/gijn.org\/2020\/03\/10\/what-investigative-reporters-around-the-world-need-to-be-asking-about-covid-19\/\">vidokezo hivi<\/a> kutoka kitengo cha GIJN cha maswali na majibu naye <a rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/poliohunt\">Thomas Abraham<\/a>, mwanahabari gwiji wa masuala ya afya, mtaalamu wa magonjwa ya maambukizi na usalama wa kiafya duniani, na mwandishi wa <a rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.amazon.com\/Twenty-First-Century-Plague-Story-SARS\/dp\/0801881242\">\u201cTwenty-first Century Plague: The Story of SARS\u201d<\/a> na <a rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.hurstpublishers.com\/book\/polio\/\">\u201cPolio: The Odyssey of Eradication<\/a>.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Caroline Chen huripoti kuhusu afya katika ProPublica. Alinusurika maambukizi ya SARS nchini Hong Kong akiwa na umri wa miaka 13, na baadaye, kama mwanahabari, akawa mstari wa mbele kuripoti kuhusu SARS na Ebola. Katika <a rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.propublica.org\/article\/i-lived-through-sars-and-reported-on-ebola-these-are-the-questions-we-should-be-asking-about-coronavirus\">makala hii<\/a><a rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.propublica.org\/article\/i-lived-through-sars-and-reported-on-ebola-these-are-the-questions-we-should-be-asking-about-coronavirus\">,<\/a> Chen anaangazia mambo ya kuuliza unaporipoti kuhusu COVID-19; jinsi ya kudumisha usahihi unapoangazia makadirio na habari zinazobadilika upesi; na zaidi ya yote jinsi ya kujihakikishia usalama wako.<\/p>\n<p>John Pope, mwanahabari mwenye uzoefu wa miaka 20 katika masuala ya afya, aliandika <a rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/dartcenter.org\/content\/covering-swine-flu-outbreak\">vidokezo 11 vya kuripoti kuhusu homa ya nguruwe<\/a> ambavyo huenda vikakusaidia unaripoti kuhusu COVID-19. Vidokezo hivyo vinajumuisha \u2013 miongoni mwa vingine \u2013 umuhimu wa kupata ukweli wa msingi kwanza, kubaini upana na kina cha mlipuko, kuyaweka mambo kwa ufupi na rahisi, kusisitizia kinga, na kuwa mwangalifu na matumizi ya lugha.<\/p>\n<p>IJNet wamekusanya <a rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/ijnet.org\/en\/story\/10-tips-journalists-covering-covid-19\">orodha ya vidokezo<\/a> vya kuripoti kuhusu COVID-19 pamoja na mawaidha kutoka kwa wanahabari ambao wameripoti kuhusu ugonjwa wa korona hapo kabla. Hivi ni baadhi ya vidokezo muhimu:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Elewa hali ilivyo kwenye eneo la matukio kisha tumia ufahamu huo katika kazi yako.<\/li>\n<li>Jikite katika kuripoti, na sio uchanganuzi.<\/li>\n<li>Kuwa makini na vichwa vya habari unavyovitumia.<\/li>\n<li>Zungumza na watu wengi na tofauti kadiri inavyowezekana.<\/li>\n<li>Usitumie maneno au misamiati yenye ubaguzi wa rangi.<\/li>\n<li>Zingatia jinsi unavyowahoji wataalamu.<\/li>\n<li>Usipuuze habari ambazo hazina msisimko.<\/li>\n<li>Jiwekee mipaka. Wakati mwingine ni bora kusema \u201chapana\u201d kwa mhariri.<\/li>\n<li>Wakati kasi ya mambo itakapopungua, endelea kufuatilia matukio.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div id=\"attachment_223260\" style=\"width: 781px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/gijn.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/KWELI-ISIYOPINGIKA-2.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-223260\" class=\"wp-image-223260 size-large\" src=\"https:\/\/gijn.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/KWELI-ISIYOPINGIKA-2-771x386.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"771\" height=\"386\" srcset=\"https:\/\/gijn.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/KWELI-ISIYOPINGIKA-2-771x386.png 771w, https:\/\/gijn.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/KWELI-ISIYOPINGIKA-2-336x168.png 336w, https:\/\/gijn.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/KWELI-ISIYOPINGIKA-2-768x384.png 768w, https:\/\/gijn.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/KWELI-ISIYOPINGIKA-2.png 1024w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 771px) 100vw, 771px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-223260\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">WHO wamekusanya <a rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.who.int\/emergencies\/diseases\/novel-coronavirus-2019\/advice-for-public\/myth-busters\">msururu wa picha zinazotengua imani<\/a> za uongo kuhusu COVID-19. Picha hizo zaweza kutumiwa na yeyote, wakiwemo wanahabari. Picha: WHO<\/p><\/div>\n<h4>Kuhakiki Habari Kuhusu COVID-19<\/h4>\n<p>\u201cHatupigi vita mlipuko wa ugonjwa tu; tunapiga vita mlipuko wa habari,\u201d alisema Mkurugenzi Mkuu wa Shirika la Afya duniani Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus wakati wa Kongamano la Usalama la Munich Februari 15. Katika wakati huu ambapo kuna habari, madai na nadharia za uongo zinazosambazwa makusudi au vinginevyo, inawapasa wanahabari kuchangia kuzitengua. Kwa mfano; madai kuwa ugonjwa wa korona unasambazwa kupitia bidhaa zilizotengenezewa Uchina, kwamba wanasayansi ndio waliofanyiza COVID-19, au kwamba virusi vya korona vilitoka kwenye maabara fulani ya utafiti.<\/p>\n<p>Katika makala ya hivi karibuni, Poynter walieleza kuwa watu katika mataifa yasiyopungua matano &#8211; yakiwemo Marekani, India, Indonesia, Ghana na Kenya &#8211; waliona au kusoma taarifa ya uongo iliyodai kuwa serikali ya Uchina iliomba ipewe na Mahakama ya Juu idhini ya kuwaua watu 20,000 walioambukizwa kirusi cha korona mwaka 2019.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/gijn.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Fact-checking-COVID-19.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright wp-image-222626 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/gijn.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Fact-checking-COVID-19-336x336.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"336\" height=\"336\" srcset=\"https:\/\/gijn.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Fact-checking-COVID-19-336x336.png 336w, https:\/\/gijn.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Fact-checking-COVID-19-771x771.png 771w, https:\/\/gijn.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Fact-checking-COVID-19-140x140.png 140w, https:\/\/gijn.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Fact-checking-COVID-19-768x768.png 768w, https:\/\/gijn.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Fact-checking-COVID-19-60x60.png 60w, https:\/\/gijn.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Fact-checking-COVID-19.png 1000w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 336px) 100vw, 336px\" \/><\/a>Kwa kutengua na kuhakiki taarifa, angalia kazi ya International Fact-Checking Network inayoshirikisha wahakiki 90 kutoka mataifa 39 wanaoshirikiana kukabiliana na kimbunga hiki cha uongo. Kufikia mwishoni mwa Februari, #CoronaVirusFacts \/ #DatosCoronaVirus alliance walikuwa wamechapisha <a rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.poynter.org\/fact-checking\/2020\/no-race-or-religion-can-prevent-coronavirus-dont-fall-for-these-hoaxes\/\">nakala 558 za uhakiki wa taarifa kuhusu ugonjwa wa korona.<\/a> WHO wana ukurasa almaarufu \u201c<a rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.who.int\/emergencies\/diseases\/novel-coronavirus-2019\/advice-for-public\/myth-busters\">Myth Busters<\/a>\u201d unaotengua uvumi kuhusu kirusi cha korona. Ukurasa huu unajumuisha picha zinazoweza kutumwa kwa watu wengine na kutumiwa na yeyote wakiwemo wanahabari na mashirika ya habari. AFP pia wamezindua mradi sawia kwa jina \u201c<a rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/factcheck.afp.com\/busting-coronavirus-myths\">Busting Coronavirus Myths<\/a>.\u201d Ni muhimu kila mara kuangalia ushauri wanaotoa FirstDraft ikiwemo <a rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/firstdraftnews.org\/latest\/tips-for-reporting-on-covid-19-coronavirus-and-slowing-the-spread-of-misinformation\/\">makala yao ya punde zaidi<\/a> kuhusu jinsi ya kupunguza kasi ya kusambaa kwa taarifa za uongo, na <a rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/firstdraftnews.org\/latest\/5-tips-ways-we-can-all-covid19-check-coronavirus-information-online-fake-disinformation-misinformation\/\">hii hapa<\/a> inayoonyesha mbinu za kuthibitisha kwa wepesi usahihi wa taarifa za mtandaoni.<\/p>\n<p>Kuna vyombo vya habari vingi duniani ambavyo havina vitengo vya kuhakiki taarifa au hata mtu aliye na ujuzi wa kuhakiki. Ikiwa utapata habari za uongo au unazoshuku si sahihi, tafuta usaidizi kwa <a rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/ifcncodeofprinciples.poynter.org\/signatories\">makundi ya kuhakiki yanayoaminika <\/a>ya kieneo na kikanda. Mara nyingi wao huwa kwenye mitandao ya kijamii na kila mara wanatafuta maelekezo au miongozo ya taarifa.<\/p>\n<h4>Kukabiliana na Jazba na Waathiriwa<\/h4>\n<p>Kila wakati tunapofatuta habari, tunahitaji kuonana na watu, kutembelea makazi au sehemu zao za kufanyia kazi, na kuwauliza maswali magumu yanayoweza kuwaathiri. Lakini katika mlipuko ulioenea duniani kote kama huu, waathiriwa wameshikwa na jazba. Huenda wasitake kutambulishwa au kujadili maambukizi. Hata kutaja tu eneo analoishi mwathiriwa kunaweza kuzua hofu katika jamii, na kuiacha familia ya mwathiriwa ikiwa imedhurika zaidi.<\/p>\n<p>Taasisi ya Dart Center for Journalism &amp; Trauma imekusanya <a rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/dartcenter.org\/resources\/covering-coronavirus-resources-journalists\">orodha ya rasilimali <\/a>za kuripoti kuhusu COVID-19. Inajumuisha <a rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/dartcenter.org\/content\/tragedies-journalists-6?section=all\">miongozo<\/a>, nakala za vidokezo, tahadhari, kanuni bora, na ushauri kutoka kwa wataalamu kuhusu jinsi ya kuwahoji waathiriwa na manusura, na kufanya kazi pamoja na wanahabari wenza ambao wamedhurika kwa matukio yasababishayo jazba. Nakala hii kutoka katika <a rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.centerforhealthjournalism.org\/resources\/lessons\/keep-these-seven-lessons-mind-when-interviewing-trauma-survivors\">Center for Health Journalism<\/a> pia inajumuisha mafunzo ya kuwahoji manusura wa jazba. Huu ni muhtasari wa vidokezo:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Ingiliana na waathiriwa kwa heshima. Mwache yeye mwenyewe \u201cakualike\u201d katika taarifa yake.<\/li>\n<li>Mruhusu mwathiriwa kuamua wakati na mpangilio wa mahojiano; ruhusu kuwepo kwa washauri nasaha.<\/li>\n<li>Kuwa mwazi. Zingatia idhini ya jinsi mwathiriwa angependa kutambulishwa.<\/li>\n<li>Tanguliza ubinadamu na sio taarifa yako. Weka maslahi ya mwathiriwa kwanza kisha taarifa yako ifuatie.<\/li>\n<li>Usimlemee mwathiriwa kwa maswali magumu mwanzoni mwa mahojiano. Jitahidi kuielewa hali yake na umsikilize.<\/li>\n<li>Kumbuka kuwa kuingiliana na watu waliodhurika kimawazo huenda kukakuathiri nawe pia.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Kidokezo cha mwisho cha Dart twapaswa sisi sote kuzingatia:<\/p>\n<p>\u201cJitunze nawe pia.\u201d<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><strong><em><a href=\"https:\/\/gijn.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/80370681_10157819469054699_5174665701612322816_o.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft wp-image-221524 size-thumbnail\" src=\"https:\/\/gijn.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/80370681_10157819469054699_5174665701612322816_o-140x140.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"140\" height=\"140\" srcset=\"https:\/\/gijn.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/80370681_10157819469054699_5174665701612322816_o-140x140.jpg 140w, https:\/\/gijn.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/80370681_10157819469054699_5174665701612322816_o-336x336.jpg 336w, https:\/\/gijn.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/80370681_10157819469054699_5174665701612322816_o-771x771.jpg 771w, https:\/\/gijn.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/80370681_10157819469054699_5174665701612322816_o-768x768.jpg 768w, https:\/\/gijn.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/80370681_10157819469054699_5174665701612322816_o-60x60.jpg 60w, https:\/\/gijn.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/80370681_10157819469054699_5174665701612322816_o.jpg 1048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 140px) 100vw, 140px\" \/><\/a><a rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/mirajsays\">Miraj Ahmed Chowdhury<\/a><\/em><\/strong> <em>ni mhariri wa <\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/gijn.org\/gijn-bangla\/\"><em>GIJN katika Bangla<\/em><\/a><em>. Vilevile yeye husimamia programu na mawasiliano katika <\/em><a rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/mrdibd.org\/\"><em>Management and Resources Development Initiative<\/em><\/a><em> (MRDI), shirika endelevu la habari na mwanachama wa GIJN nchini Bangladesh. Ana uzoefu wa miaka 14 katika tasnia ya uanahabari, hasa utangazaji. <\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Kirusi kipya cha korona kimekuwa taarifa kuu zaidi duniani. Kufikia sasa kimesambaa katika mataifa zaidi ya 100, kuwaua watu 4,262 na kuwaambukiza zaidi ya 118,101. Hii ni kwa mujibu wa takwimu za punde zaidi za ramani ya Johns Hopkins University &amp; Medicine kuhusu COVID-19. Dharura hii ya afya ya umma ya kimataifa ni moja kati [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2624421,"featured_media":222590,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_price":"","_stock":"","_tribe_ticket_header":"","_tribe_default_ticket_provider":"","_tribe_ticket_capacity":"0","_ticket_start_date":"","_ticket_end_date":"","_tribe_ticket_show_description":"","_tribe_ticket_show_not_going":false,"_tribe_ticket_use_global_stock":"","_tribe_ticket_global_stock_level":"","_global_stock_mode":"","_global_stock_cap":"","_tribe_rsvp_for_event":"","_tribe_ticket_going_count":"","_tribe_ticket_not_going_count":"","_tribe_tickets_list":"[]","_tribe_ticket_has_attendee_info_fields":false,"republication-tracker-tool-hide-widget":false,"footnotes":"","_tec_slr_enabled":"","_tec_slr_layout":""},"categories":[23197],"tags":[6885],"gijn_topic":[18904],"series":[],"gijn_language":[17800],"gijn_region":[],"class_list":["post-223577","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-ripoti","tag-covid-19","gijn_topic-zana-na-vidokezo-vya-kuripoti","gijn_language-sw-sw"],"acf":[],"ticketed":false,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/gijn.org\/sw\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/223577","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/gijn.org\/sw\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/gijn.org\/sw\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gijn.org\/sw\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2624421"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gijn.org\/sw\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=223577"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/gijn.org\/sw\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/223577\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2124850,"href":"https:\/\/gijn.org\/sw\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/223577\/revisions\/2124850"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gijn.org\/sw\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/222590"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/gijn.org\/sw\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=223577"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gijn.org\/sw\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=223577"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gijn.org\/sw\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=223577"},{"taxonomy":"gijn_topic","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gijn.org\/sw\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/gijn_topic?post=223577"},{"taxonomy":"series","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gijn.org\/sw\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/series?post=223577"},{"taxonomy":"gijn_language","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gijn.org\/sw\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/gijn_language?post=223577"},{"taxonomy":"gijn_region","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gijn.org\/sw\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/gijn_region?post=223577"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}