{"id":293765,"date":"2021-01-13T02:21:09","date_gmt":"2021-01-13T07:21:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/gijn.org\/?page_id=293765"},"modified":"2023-06-25T07:32:29","modified_gmt":"2023-06-25T11:32:29","slug":"gijn-africa-mu-bihugu-bya-africa-hari-imiryango-ifasha-mu-kurinda-umutekano-wabanyamakuru-bacukumbura","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/gijn.org\/rw\/ubushobozi\/gijn-africa-mu-bihugu-bya-africa-hari-imiryango-ifasha-mu-kurinda-umutekano-wabanyamakuru-bacukumbura\/","title":{"rendered":"GIJN Africa: Mu bihugu bya Africa hari imiryango ifasha mu kurinda umutekano w\u2019abanyamakuru bacukumbura"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"<\/a>Ubusanzwe itangazamakuru ricukumbura ubwaryo rishyira mu kaga abarikora. Ibyo biri muri kamere yaryo, aho umunyamakuru ushyira hanze abayobozi barya ruswa n\u2019abanyereza ahura n\u2019ibibazo birimo no guterwa ubwoba, hagamijwe kumuhagarika mu kazi ke, no kubangamira igitangazamakuru akorera.\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

Ni muri urwo rwego hari imiryango nyafurika na mpuzamahanga yashyizeho gahunda zigamije gufasha abanyamakuru bari mu kaga kugira umutekano; haba mu bihugu bimwe muri Africa cyangwa ku mugabane wose. Imwe muri iyo miryango ni iyi ikurikira:<\/p>\n

Ihuriro ry\u2019imiryango nyafurika y\u2019uburenganzira bwa muntu<\/a>, (Africa Human Rights Network)<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Uyu muryngo, (Africa Human Rights Network), ufite gahunda ifasha abanyamakuru kubashakira ubuhungiro mu mijyi itekanye nka Dar es Salaam na Benin.\u00a0Iyi gahunda ifasha abanyamakuru bacukumbura ndetse n\u2019abandi bantu baharanira uburenganzira bwa muntu bari mu kaga muri Africa, gukomeza umurimo wabo no mu gihe bari mu buhungiro. Muri icyo gihe bafashwa mu ngendo zabo, icumbi, amafunguro, kwivuza, ubwishingizi; ndetse bagahumurizwa, bakanongererwa ubumenyi bubafasha kuba bakomereza hanze umurimo batangiriye mu bihugu byabo. Bafashwa kandi kungurana ibitekerezo na bagenzi babo bakamenyana, ubundi bakazanafashwa gusubira mu bihugu byabo no gukomeza akazi.<\/p>\n

Ihuriro nyafurika riharanira ubwisanzure bwo kungurana ibitekerezo<\/a> (African Freedom of Exchange Network, AFEX)<\/strong><\/h2>\n

AFEX, (African Freedom of Exchange Network) igizwe n\u2019imiryango 15 iharanira ubwisanzure bwo gutanga ibitekerezo. Iri huriro riharanira kwimakaza no guteza imbere ubwisanzure bw\u2019itangazamakuru mu bihugu byo munsi y\u2019Ubutayu bwa Sahara.\u00a0Iyo miryango irigize kandi yose iba muri IFEX (International Freedom of Expression Exchange), umuryango mpuzamahanga uharanira uburenganzira bwo kungurana ibitekerezo. Mu byo AFEX ikora, harimo guharanira ubwisanzure bw\u2019itangazamakuru n\u2019uburenganzira bwa muntu muri Africa, ibinyujije mu bikorwa by\u2019ubuvugizi n\u2019ubukangurambaga, (advocacy and campaigns). Inahugura abanyamuryango bayo, mu rwego rwo kububakira ubushobozi bwo gukora neza. Ubu ubunyamabanga bwa AFEX buri mu maboko ya Media Foundation for West Africa, Igitangazamakuru gikorera muri Ghana.<\/p>\n

Article 19<\/a>\u00a0(Umuryango ushingiye ku ngingo ya 19 y\u2019amasezerano mpuzamahanga y\u2019uburenganzira bwa muntu)<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Nubwo iba mu Bwongereza, Article 19 ikorera ku isi yose, yimakaza umuco n\u2019uburenganzira bwo gutanga ibitekerezo ndetse n\u2019ubwo kubona amakuru. Mu bikorwa byayo harimo gushyiraho amategeko aboneye, gusesengura no kujora amategeko akoreshwa mu bihugu. Inakora inyandiko zisaba inkiko mpuzamahanga n\u2019izo mu bihugu kurengera ubwisanzure bw\u2019itangazamakuru, ivugira abantu cyangwa amatsinda y\u2019abantu bahungabanirijwe uburenganzira.\u00a0Article 19 kandi igirana ubufatanye n\u2019indi miryango itari iya Leta. Muri Africa yo munsi y\u2019Ubutayu bwa Sahara, Article 19 ifite ibiro muri Senegal no muri Kenya,\u00a0 aho ifite imishinga muri utwo turere tubiri tw\u2019Uburengerazuba n\u2019Uburasirazuba bw\u2019Africa.<\/p>\n

Ishyirahamwe riharanira iterambere ry\u2019itangazamakuru muri Sudan y\u2019Amajyepfo<\/strong><\/a> (Association for Media Development in South Sudan)<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Sudan y\u2019Amajyepfo ni kimwe mu bihugu bigoye ku mikorere y\u2019Itangazamakuru munsi y\u2019Ubutayu bwa Sahara. Ni igihugu kiyoborwa gisirikare, aho bacecekesha ushaka kuvuga ibitagenda wese. Abanyamakuru bafatwa nk\u2019ababangamiye inzira y\u2019amahoro, ubundi bagafatwa nk\u2019abashyigikiye inyeshyamba zigometse kuri Leta ya Juba. Murumva umwuka itangazamakuru ry\u2019icyo gihugu rikoreramo ko utoroshye, akaba ari yo mpamvu hari imiryango myinshi ikora ubuvugizi ngo habeho ubwisanzure bw\u2019itangazamakuru muri icyo gihugu. Muri iyo miryango rero harimo n\u2019iri shyirahamwe (Association for Media Development in South Sudan), rikorana bya hafi n\u2019indi miryango y\u2019imbere mu gihugu ndetse n\u2019abatanyabikorwa mpuzamahanga. Mu mwaka wa 2015, iri shyirahamwe ryafunguye ikigo gishinzwe iterambere ry\u2019itangazamakuru, (Media Development Institute). Iki kigo gihugura abanyamakuru n\u2019abifuza gukora uwo mwuga, muri gahunda imara amezi icyenda bagahabwa impamyabumenyi (certificate).<\/p>\n

Komite nyafurika ishinzwe kurinda abanyamakuru<\/a>, (<\/strong>Committee to Protect Journalists \u2014 Africa)<\/h2>\n

CPJ (Committee to Protect Journalists), ni umuryango mpuzamahanga wigenga kandi udaharanira inyungu. Mu ntego wihaye harimo kurengera uburenganzira bw\u2019abanyamakuru, ngo batare inkuru batekanye nta bwoba nta n\u2019intugunda cyangwa igitutu icyo ari cyo cyose. Mu byo CPJ Africa ikora, harimo ikusanyamakuru ku mutekano w\u2019abanyamakuru, gutanga inama ku buryo wanozwa, kwerekana ibisabwa umunyamakuru ukorera ahantu hamushyira mu kaga, ndetse no gutabara uwakagezemo.<\/p>\n

Itangazamakuru ryisanzuye ku buryo butagira imipaka<\/a>, (Free Press Unlimited)<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Iyi ikorera ku isi yose, ifite gahunda ebyiri, zigamije gufasha no gutabara abanyamakuru \u00a0bari mun kaga, ndetse n\u2019ibitangazamakuru. Gahunda ya mbere ni ikigega cyo gutabara<\/a>, gitanga inkunga yihutirwa ku banyamakuru n\u2019ibitangazamakuru, iyo nkunga ikabafasha kurangiza vuba akazi barimo mu gihe bahuye n\u2019inzitizi. Gahunda ya kabiri nayo ni ikigega, ariko cyo gishinzwe ubwunganizi mu mategeko<\/a>. Iki cyo gifasha abanyamakuru bari mu manza; nk\u2019iyo bo cyangwa imiryango yabo batotezwa cyangwa bagafungwa, cyangwa baraburana batabasha kubona umwunganizi n\u2019ikiguzi cy\u2019urubanza (igarama, kwishyura avoka, kugura dosiye).<\/p>\n

Ihuriro riharanira uburenganzira bw\u2019abanyamakuru<\/a> (Human Rights Network for Journalists) \u2013 Uganda<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Ni ihuriro ryashinzwe mu 2005, rihuriyemo abahoze ari abanyamakuru n\u2019abakiririmo. Rifasha abanyamakuru bahuye n\u2019ibibazo, byo kwamburwa uburenganzira bahabwa n\u2019Itegeko Nshinga rya Uganda, cyangwa bakavutswa ubwisanzure bw\u2019ibanze.\u00a0Iri huriro rikora ubushakashatsi ku mbogamizi abanyamakuru bahura nazo mu kazi, rikazikurikirana rikanakusanya amakuru kuri zo. Rikurikirana abanyamakuru baterwa ubwoba, abagirirwa nabi, ndetse n\u2019izindi nzitizi zibangamira ubwisanzure bw\u2019itangazamakuru muri Uganda. Bafasha kandi abanyamakuru kubona ababunganira mu mategeko, igihe cyose bibaye ngombwa ko akazi bakoze kabajyana mu nkiko kandi bakeneye umwunganizi.<\/p>\n

Umuryango mpuzamahanga utera inkunga Itangazamakuru<\/a>,<\/strong> (International Media Support – IMS)<\/strong><\/h2>\n

IMS \u00a0irengera uburenganzira bw\u2019abanyamakuru, igaharanira ko bakora akazi kabo batekanye; cyane cyane mu bihugu babuzwamo amahoro. Hari aho batotezwa bagahohoterwa, cyangwa bakenderezwa bari mu kazi, kimwe no mu bihugu birimo amakimbirane adatuma umunyamakuru atara inkuru.\u00a0IMS rero itanga ubutabazi bwihuse ku banyamakuru bahohotewe bari mu kazi cyangwa bazira akazi bakora, binyuze mu kigega cyayo cy\u2019umutekano<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Umuryango wunganira abanyamakuru mu mategeko<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0(Media Defence)<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Uyu muryango Media Legal Defence Initiative, ni wo uri hafi kwitwa Media Defence mu minsi ya vuba. Ufite ikigega cy\u2019ubutabazi gitera inkunga abanyamakuru, abakora ibifitanye isano n\u2019itangazamakuru, ndetse n\u2019ibitangazamakuru byigenga.\u00a0Ubatangira amagarama y\u2019imanza, kandi ubashakira inzobere mu mategeko zo kubaburanira. Ukorera I Londres mu Bwongereza, ariko ubu uragenda uteza imbere amahuriro y\u2019abanyamategeko n\u2019imishinga yo gukora ubuvugizi mu ikoranabuhanga (Digital Rights Advocates Project). Africa y\u2019Uburengerazuba, Uburasirazuba n\u2019Amajyepfo, ni hamwe uyu muryango werekeje amaso.\u00a0Abanyamategeko bakora ku bibazo bijyanye n\u2019ubwisanzure bw\u2019itangazamakuru binyuze kuri murandasi, aho barenganura abanyamakuru, abafite imbuga zitanga amakuru, ndetse n\u2019ibitangazamakuru. Media Defence ifite kandi urubuga rwayo, ruriho amakuru menshi ku burenganzira bw\u2019abakora itangazamakuru ryo kuri murandasi, n\u2019ubwisanzure bw\u2019itangazamakuru muri rusange muri Africa.<\/p>\n

Urugaga rw\u2019abanditsi bo muri Africa y\u2019Epfo<\/a>,<\/strong> (South African National Editors Forum – SANEF)<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Ni umuryango udaharanira inyungu, ugizwe n\u2019abanditsi, abanyamakuru bazobereye mu mwuga, abayobozi b\u2019ibitangazamakuru, ndetse n\u2019abarimu b\u2019itangazamakuru.\u00a0Intego nyamukuru ya SANEF, ni uguhagararira no kuba ijwi ryizewe ry\u2019itangazamakuru muri Africa y\u2019Epfo, kurinda abanyamakuru no guteza imbere ubwisanzure bw\u2019itangazamakuru muri icyo gihugu.\u00a0SANEF niyo ikunda kugira icyo ivuga ku birebana n\u2019ubwisanzure bw\u2019itangazamakuru muri Africa y\u2019Epfo, kandi ibyo ivuze birubahwa, bikanafatwa nk\u2019aho ari igitekerezo cy\u2019itangazamakuru ryaho ryose.\u00a0Uyu muryango ujya ukora ubukangurambaga bwamagana amategeko abangamira\u00a0 cyangwa ashaka kuniga ubwisanzure bw\u2019itangazamakuru. Ni wo uhugura abanyamakuru, ni wo uyobora ibitangazwa bireba rubanda rugufi; kandi ukorana n\u2019indi miryango bahuje intego. Ikusanya inyandiko ikanabika amakuru yose n\u2019ubushakashatsi buvuga kun itangazamakuru ry\u2019 Africa y\u2019Epfo ndetse n\u2019umurongo wa Leta kuri ryo.<\/p>\n

Ihuriro ry\u2019abaharanira uburenganzira bwa muntu muri Tanzaniya<\/a> (Tanzania Human Rights Defenders Coalition)<\/strong><\/h2>\n

THRDC (Tanzania Human Rights Defenders Coalition) yagiyeho muri \u00a02010, igamije gushimangira umutekano no kurinda abaharanira uburenganzira bwa muntu mu bihugu bya Africa y\u2019Uburasirazuba.\u00a0Iri huriro rihirimbanira gushaka umutekano uhagije, icyubahiro nyacyo ndetse no kumenyekana kw\u2019abaharanira uburenganzira bwa muntu muri Tanzaniya. Ribikora ribinyujije mu kubarinda, kububakira ubushobozi, ndetse no kubakorera ubuvugizi.<\/p>\n

Umushinga w\u2019umurinzi<\/a> (The Totem Project)<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Iri naryo ni ihuriro rikomoka ku mikoranire ya Greenhost<\/a>\u00a0na\u00a0Free Press Unlimited<\/a>. Ritanga amasomo binyuze kuri murandasi, rikigisha abanyamakuru amasomo ajyanye no kurinda inyandiko zabo zinyuzwa mu ikoranabuhanga(digital security) ngo zitavogerwa. \u00a0Rinatanga inama n\u2019amayeri ku banyamakuru, abaharanira uburenganzira bwa muntu n\u2019impirimbanyi zabwo, mu buryo bumeze nk\u2019ubwo mu ishuri; ariko binyuze ku ikoranabuhanga.\u00a0Umurinzi (Totem) yubakiye ku buryo bwa MOOC<\/a> (Massive Open Online Course), bukoresha amakuru asanzwe aboneka ku ikoranabuhanga. Ni urubuga rukoranye ubuhanga, ku buryo burindiwe umutekano w\u2019abarukoresha, nta mpungenge ko bakwinjirirwa kubera uburyo bugezweho kandi bwizewe.<\/p>\n

Inama y\u2019itangazamakuru nkorerabushake rya Zimbabwe<\/a>,<\/strong> (Voluntary Media Council of Zimbabwe\u00a0 – VMCZ)<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Iyi VMCZ yo ni ishyirahamwe rihuriwemo n\u2019abanyamakuru, ibitangazamakuru, abanditsi b\u2019ibitabo, ndetse n\u2019imwe mu miryango itari iya Leta ikora ku bwisanzure bw\u2019itangazamakuru. Ryashyizweho mu 2007, rikora nk\u2019urwego rw\u2019itangazamakuru ryigenzura muri Zimbabwe.\u00a0Rikora akazi k\u2019ubuhuza, risuzuma ibirego by\u2019abahungabanijwe n\u2019itangazamakuru, kandi rifatwa nk\u2019ikiraro gihuza itangazamakuru na Leta, ndetse n\u2019abandi banyapolitiki.\u00a0Rihugura abanyamakuru, ribubakira ubushobozi bwo gukora kinyamwuga kandi batabogama. Amenshi mu mahugurwa ritanga arebana no gukora inkuru zicukumbuye.\u00a0VMCZ kandi ifite akarusho ko kuba ari yo itanga ibihembo bikomeye ku banyamakuru muri Zimbabwe, harimo n\u2019ikigenerwa itangazamakuru ricukumbura.<\/p>\n

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Ubusanzwe itangazamakuru ricukumbura ubwaryo rishyira mu kaga abarikora. Ibyo biri muri kamere yaryo, aho umunyamakuru ushyira hanze abayobozi barya ruswa n\u2019abanyereza ahura n\u2019ibibazo birimo no guterwa ubwoba, hagamijwe kumuhagarika mu kazi ke, no kubangamira igitangazamakuru akorera.\u00a0 Ni muri urwo rwego hari imiryango nyafurika na mpuzamahanga yashyizeho gahunda zigamije gufasha abanyamakuru bari mu kaga kugira umutekano; […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3031153,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_price":"","_stock":"","_tribe_ticket_header":"","_tribe_default_ticket_provider":"","_tribe_ticket_capacity":"0","_ticket_start_date":"","_ticket_end_date":"","_tribe_ticket_show_description":"","_tribe_ticket_show_not_going":false,"_tribe_ticket_use_global_stock":"","_tribe_ticket_global_stock_level":"","_global_stock_mode":"","_global_stock_cap":"","_tribe_rsvp_for_event":"","_tribe_ticket_going_count":"","_tribe_ticket_not_going_count":"","_tribe_tickets_list":"[]","_tribe_ticket_has_attendee_info_fields":false,"republication-tracker-tool-hide-widget":false,"footnotes":"","_tec_slr_enabled":"","_tec_slr_layout":""},"categories":[23146],"tags":[],"gijn_topic":[],"series":[],"gijn_language":[17793],"gijn_region":[],"class_list":["post-293765","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-ubushobozi","gijn_language-rw-rw"],"acf":[],"ticketed":false,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/gijn.org\/rw\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/293765","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/gijn.org\/rw\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/gijn.org\/rw\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gijn.org\/rw\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3031153"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gijn.org\/rw\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=293765"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/gijn.org\/rw\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/293765\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/gijn.org\/rw\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=293765"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gijn.org\/rw\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=293765"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gijn.org\/rw\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=293765"},{"taxonomy":"gijn_topic","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gijn.org\/rw\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/gijn_topic?post=293765"},{"taxonomy":"series","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gijn.org\/rw\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/series?post=293765"},{"taxonomy":"gijn_language","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gijn.org\/rw\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/gijn_language?post=293765"},{"taxonomy":"gijn_region","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gijn.org\/rw\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/gijn_region?post=293765"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}