{"id":293714,"date":"2021-01-19T04:57:33","date_gmt":"2021-01-19T09:57:33","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/gijn.org\/?page_id=293714"},"modified":"2023-06-25T07:32:28","modified_gmt":"2023-06-25T11:32:28","slug":"inama-zinzobere-ku-banyamakuru-bakora-inkuru-zicukumbuye-mu-gihe-cya-covid-19","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/gijn.org\/rw\/gucanga\/inama-zinzobere-ku-banyamakuru-bakora-inkuru-zicukumbuye-mu-gihe-cya-covid-19\/","title":{"rendered":"Inama z\u2019inzobere ku banyamakuru bakora inkuru zicukumbuye mu gihe cya COVID-19"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"<\/a> \"\"<\/a>Mu gihe ibihugu byinshi ku isi byafashe ingamba zidasanzwe mu rwego rwo kurwanya icyorezo cya coronavirus, akazi k\u2019abanyamakuru bakora inkuru zicukumbuye ku myitwarire mibi y\u2019ubutegetsi no gukandamiza abatishoboye ntikigeze kagaragara cyane. Mu gihe habaye ibibazo byihutirwa, abanyamakuru bacukumbura bagomba gutangirira he? Ni ibihe bikoresho n\u2019ubuhanga bikenewe mu gukora inkuru zicukumbuye mu gihe cya COVID-19?<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong>Mu gushaka ibisubizo by\u2019ibyo bibazo, GIJN yabajije abanyamakuru bakomeye hirya no hino ku isi – barimo impuguke mu gukora icukumbura ku makuru, inzira itangwa ry\u2019amasoko ricamo, n\u2019ibikoresho bifasha kugera ku nkomoko y\u2019inkuru – kugira ngo babone aho ihera igira inama abanyamakuru bagenzi bacu ku byo twakagombye gusuzuma mu gihe cy\u2019iki cyorezo. Dore ibyo batubwiye.<\/p>\n

Miranda Patrucic<\/strong><\/a><\/h4>\n

Umwanditsi mukuru wungirije.<\/strong>Patrucic akora inkuru zo mu karere ka Aziya yo hagati. Yigeze \u00a0gutegura umushinga wo gutanga amakuru ku byaha na ruswa. <\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>Iyi ni impuguke mu gucukumbura ibijyanye no kunyereza amafaranga n\u2019ibigo by\u2019ubugizi bwa nabi. Patrucic ukorera muri Sarayevo afite igihembo cya \u201cKnight International Journalism Award, Global Shining Light Award, IRE Award\u201d, n\u2019igihembo cy\u2019abanyamakuru b\u2019i Burayi.\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/em>Mu gihe ibihugu by\u2019isi yose byahagurukiye\u00a0 guhangana n\u2019iki cyorezo byatangaje ibigomba gukorwa byihutirwa, hazabaho amahirwe mashya ku bashaka inyungu. Hateganijwe amamiliyoni y\u2019amadolari mu gutanga amasoko mu buryo bwihutirwa no gukoresha andi atari yarigeze ateganywa kugira ngo bahangane n\u2019iki cyorezo.\u00a0Ariko\u00a0 kandi iki kibazo gitanga inzira nshya zo kubaza abari ku butegetsi kugaragaza ibyo bakora. Abanyamakuru bagomba kureba amafaranga leta ikoresha, bakamenya abatanga amasoko mashya, inkomoko yayo, n\u2019ibiciro byayo. Tugomba gushakisha amabendera atukura – amasosiyete atigeze acuruza ibikoresho by\u2019ubuvuzi, amasosiyete afite ba nyirayo b\u2019icyitiriro nyamara bene yo nyabo ari abatanga ayo masoko, abemerewe gupiganira amasoko bafitanye ubucuti n\u2019abakomeye, amasosiyete yari afite ibicuruzwa bike mu myaka yashize, n\u2019ibindi.\u00a0Nubwo bishobora kugorana kubona amakuru muri guverinoma, kuvugana n\u2019abapiganwa n\u2019abandi batahawe ayo mahirwe bishobora kudufasha mu icukumbura ryacu. Ariko akazi kacu ntikazarangirana n\u2019icyorezo. Ahubwo umwaka utaha, igihe amakonti\u00a0 azaba yuzuyeho amafaranga ni bwo tuzumva neza uburyo iki cyorezo cyahaye abantu uburyo bwo kugera ku nyungu nyinshi.<\/p>\n

Malachy Browne<\/a><\/strong><\/h4>\n

Mukuru, mu Icukumbura rikoresha amashusho muri New York Times<\/strong><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

Browne na bagenzi be barimo gukora ibishoboka byose kugira ngo batangaze amakuru y\u2019umwimerere hamwe n\u2019ibimenyetso by\u2019ikoranabuhanga, nko gukusanya no gusesengura amakuru avuye kuri videwo, amafoto n\u2019amajwi, gusesengura amashusho ya satelite, no gukoresha 3-D mu kugaragaza uko\u00a0 ibyaha byakozwe.<\/em><\/p>\n

Ingaruka z\u2019icyorezo cya coronavirus zirimo kugaragara ku isi hose, kandi mu gihe guhura imbonankubone bidashoboka, abantu bahura binyuze mu ikoranabuhanga no ku mbuga nkoranyambaga. Kandi rero turabona ihungabana mu buzima bwa buri munsi rigaragara cyane, kuko ribonwa n\u2019abenegihugu muri rusange: ibintu by\u2019akajagari mu gihe imipaka ifunze, gutuza kw\u2019imijyi ifite imbaraga ubu yabuze abaturage bayo, inzobere mu buzima zatweretse ibihe bitoroshye biri imbere mu bitaro hamwe n\u2019ibikoresho bya DIY bikingira abakozi, ibihe by\u2019ubufatanye mu gihe abaturage bashimye abakozi bo ku ruhembe kuva ku mabaraza yabo kugeza mu nzu imbere. Kandi no mu minsi ya mbere icyorezo kigitangira, imbuga nkoranyambaga n\u2019izindi mbuga byafashije abashinwa kwegeranya no gutangaza amakuru<\/a> y\u2019iyaduka ryacyo yagenzurwaga na guverinoma yabo.<\/p>\n

Amashusho ya satelite hamwe n\u2019andi makuru ashobora kudufasha kugaragaza ku buryo bw\u2019amashusho no gukurikirana ingaruka za coronavirus<\/a>.\u00a0 Amashusho y\u2019amakuru ya telefone ngendanwa atagaragaza abayatanze yerekanye ahantu kure cyane aho byagenze neza. Abashinzwe iby\u2019indege hamwe n\u2019amakuru y\u2019abagenzi bashobora kandi kutwereka kugabanuka kw\u2019imigendanire y\u2019abantu ku ntera ya kure cyane. Amashyirahamwe y\u2019abahanga yapimye kandi agaragaza kugabanuka kw\u2019ibyuka bihumanya ikirere. Amashusho ya satelite hamwe n\u2019ibikoresho byo gukurikirana ubwato byadufashije kwerekana umubare w\u2019amato ya Koreya ya Ruguru<\/a> – yigeze gukorera hirya no hino azenguruka u Bushinwa \u2013 yasubiye iwabo, n\u2019ingaruka ibyo bishobora kugira ku bukungu bw\u2019igihugu. Ibi n\u2019ibindi bipimo byinshi hamwe n\u2019amakuru bishobora kudufasha kumenya ibiri kuba muri iki gihe bikanatuma dushobora gusesengura byimazeyo imikorere ya politiki zitandukanye mu kurwanya ikwirakwira rya COVID-19. Kandi birashoboka, bitewe n\u2019igihe, gusuzuma urwego rw\u2019ihungabana rushobora kwihanganirwa mu guhangana n\u2019ibibazo nk\u2019icy\u2019ihindagurika ry\u2019ikirere. Ni nde wamenya niba iki cyorezo kitazuma abantu bavumbura udushya?<\/p>\n

Eliot Higgins<\/strong><\/a><\/h4>\n

Umuyobozi mukuru, Bellingcat<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>Higgins yatumye Bellingcat iba imwe mu masosiyete akomeye ku isi akora iperereza ku nkomoko rusange y\u2019amakuru. Bigizwemo uruhare n\u2019abantu bo mu bihugu 20, itsinda rye ryashyize ahagaragara abari ku isonga mu icuruzwa ry\u2019ibiyobyabwenge \u00a0muri Mexico, ibyaha by\u2019intambara byo muri Siriya, n\u2019uko u Burusiya bwarashe indege MH17.<\/em><\/p>\n

Ati \u201cikintu kimwe nabonye ni ukuntu abantu barushaho gushishikazwa no kugenzura ukuri ku nkomoko y\u2019amakuru mu nkuru zijyanye na coronavirus kubera ubwinshi bw\u2019ibirego babona biva ahantu hose, harimo itangazamakuru, abayobozi ba leta, n\u2019inshuti zabo n\u2019imiryango yabo. Gutanga ingero z\u2019igenzura ryuzuye n\u2019isuzuma ni byiza, ariko ushobora kandi kubishyiramo abagukurikira ukoresheje kugenda ubuzanamo buhoro buhoro. Ibyo mperutse gushyira kuri Twitter<\/a> ubwo nagendaga ndeba amafoto amwe byarakunzwe cyane, ariko reka nerekane ibikoresho n\u2019ubuhanga butandukanye ku bantu bashya, bamwe muri bo bagize uruhare mu kugenzura amashusho nk\u2019uko twabikoraga. Benshi muri twe twagumijwe mu rugo.Uyu ni umwanya mwiza wo gutuma abantu bagira uruhare kuri anketi zacu mu buryo butandukanye binyuze kuri murandasi, kandi ntibibe gusa igihe twabisabwe cyangwa hari ibintu bikomeye. Gusa kora ku buryo ukurura abantu mu gafatanya nawe urugendo rw\u2019icukumbura\u201d.<\/p>\n

Peter Klein <\/strong><\/a><\/h4>\n

Uwashinze akaba n\u2019Umuyobozi mukuru w\u2019Ikigo gishinzwe gutanga amakuru<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>Klein yashinze ikigo kidaharanira inyungu cyitwa Global Reporting Centre muri kaminuza yitwa Kolumbiya yo mu Bwongereza agamije kuvugura uburyo itangazamakuru \u00a0rikorwamo ku isi. Ayoboye icukumbura ku nzira zinyuramo ibikoresho by\u2019ubuvuzi\u00a0 kuri iki cyorezo, ku bufatanye na PBS Frontline na Associated Press.<\/em><\/p>\n

Ku isi yose, abakozi bashinzwe ubuzima, abayobozi ba leta,abagemura imiti n\u2019abandi baharanira ko sosiyete zacu zikora neza bafata itangazamakuru nka\u201cserivisi y\u2019ingenzi\u201d. Tugomba kumva uburemere bw\u2019inshingano dufite maze tukabikora dushiritse ubute. Aya ni amahirwe yacu yo gukumira agatsiko gakwirakwiza \u201camakuru y\u2019ibinyoma\u201d yagiye atuma abantu badutakariza icyizere. Ntabwo itangazamakuru rishingiye ku bimenyetso ryigeze ryigaragaza, bityo rero nimushake ukuri, kandi mutekereze ku makuru muha rubanda.<\/p>\n

Kimwe mu bibazo bikomeye byagaragajwe n\u2019iki cyorezo ni uko urwego rw\u2019ubuvuzi rutari rwiteguye iki kibazo. Kuki tutari twiteguye kandi impuguke nyinshi mu buzima rusange hari hashize igihe ziburiye abantu ko hari icyorezo kizibasira isi kandi kigahungabanya imikorere yayo yose? Ni bande bari kungukira mu bucuruzi bwo gutanga ibikenerwa mu buvuzi? Ni uruhe ruhare bafite mu gufasha cyangwa kubangamira ikwirakwizwa ry\u2019ibikoresho bikenerwa mu buvuzi ? Ni uruhe ruhare rw\u2019umutungo w\u2019ubwenge mu nganda zigenda zibanda kuri IP? Ni ubuhe bwoko bw\u2019ibikenerwa mu buvuzi butuma habaho imbogamizi mu kuboneka kwabyo igihe habaye impinduka zitunguranye?<\/p>\n

Abagizi ba nabi baba barekereje ko haba akabazo muri sisitemu, kandi iki kibazo cyagaragaje rwose ko turi abanyantege nke. Gukenerwa kw\u2019ibikoresho bikiza ubuzima bishobora kugora za leta no gutuma ruswa ikaza umurego mu bigo. Inama nagira abanyamakuru ku isi yose ni ugukurikiza raporo zabo zahise, ukareba munsi y\u2019urutare rushaje. Niba hari abayobozi\u00a0 bamunzwe na ruswa cyangwa ibigo bikora ubucuruzi byigeze kugira uruhare mu marorerwa, ubu noneho uruhare rwabo ni uruhe?\u00a0Ikibazo nka COVID-19 gishobora gutuma ubusumbane mu bantu bwari busanzweho bwiyongera. Ibihugu bisakuza cyane kandi bikize bikunda kwitabwaho \u2013 ku bikoresho. Ni gute ibihugu bidafite imbaraga kandi bihangana n\u2019iki kibazo, kandi abayobozi b\u2019isi bari gukora iki kugira ngo bakemure ubwo busumbane\u00a0? Cyakora, ibihugu bikorerwamo ibikoresho by\u2019ubuvuzi bishobora kugira akarusho k\u2019uko ibikoresho bigenewe koherezwa mu mahanga, biri gukoreshwa mu gihugu imbere muri iki kibazo. Aha na ho hari ibyo umuntu yacukumburamo.<\/p>\n

Jinkyung Byun<\/a><\/strong><\/h4>\n

Umunyamakuru Ushinzwe Iperereza, SisaIN (Koreya y\u2019epfo)<\/strong><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>Byunakorana na SisaIN, ikinyamakuru gikomeye muri Koreya gisohoka rimwe mu cyumweru. Yabaye mu banyamakuru bayoboye abandi mu gukurikirana ikibazo cya coronavirus mu gihugu cye.<\/em><\/p>\n

Ni gute kandi ni mpamvu ki ikwirakwira rya COVID-19 mu by\u2019ukuri ari ibibazo bikomeye, kandi mu gihe COVID-19 ikwirakwira vuba abanyamakuru bakaguma gusa ku \u201cburyo n\u2019impamvu.\u201d Abanyamakuru bakora iperereza bagomba kwibanda ku bibazo nyabyo aho gusesengura icyabiteye. Ni byo, abanyamakuru bakora iperereza ntabwo ari abahanuzi b\u2019ibizaba cyangwa abapfumu, ariko tugomba gukomeza kwihatira kureba kure no gutangaza ibishobora kuba.<\/p>\n

Ibyo wakifashisha mu gihe ureba imbere hazaza ni ibibazo ibindi bihugu byahuye nabyo\u00a0 mu ikwirakwira rya virusi. Kuri twe, u Bushinwa ni cyo gihugu cyonyine cyayikwirakwirije cyane kimwe na Koreya y\u2019Epfo. Ariko ingamba nyinshi u Bushinwa bwakoresheje – nko gufunga imijyi, gukumira ubwisanzure bw\u2019itangazamakuru, no kubuza uburenganzira bwo kugenda – ntabwo ari zo zakoreshejwe na Koreya y\u2019Epfo nk\u2019igihugu gifite\u00a0 demokarasi. Byari bigoye kandi kwizera ko amakuru kuri COVID-19 [mu Bushinwa] yari ukuri kandi agatangazwa mu bwisanzure. Nubwo bimeze bityo ariko, twashoboraga kubona amakuru ajyanye n\u2019ibibazo u Bushinwa bwahuye na byo hagati mu nkuru z\u2019ibyagezweho byiza zatangazwaga n\u2019ibitangazamakuru bigenzurwa na leta. Natekereje ko Koreya y\u2019Epfo ishobora guhura n\u2019ibibazo nk\u2019ibyo, nandika inkuru z\u2019uburyo bwo kwitegura guhangana n\u2019ingorane nk\u2019izo. Mu gukwirakwira kw\u2019iki cyorezo, naje kubona ko ubuzima bw\u2019abantu butandukanye cyane n\u2019igihugu, kandi ibibazo duhura na byo birasa cyane.<\/p>\n

Iperereza rigomba kuba rikubiyemo isesengura rigereranya ingamba za buri gihugu kuri COVID-19. Ariko, ntibyoroshye kurikora. Ibihugu ntibihuza politiki, umuco ndetse n\u2019ubukungu. Ibyo rero bishobora gutuma ingamba zimwe zafashwe mu guhugu kimwe zidatanga umusaruro umwe mu kindi gihugu na cyo cyazifashe. Mu gihe abanyamakuru baturuka mu gihugu runaka bashobora kuba basanzwe bazi ibijyanye n\u2019iyo miterere, abanyamakuru baturutse mu bindi bihugu ntibashobora kubyumva kandi bashobora guca imanza zishingiye kuri raporo zishushanya gusa.<\/p>\n

Abanyamakuru bakora inkuru zicukumbuye bafite amahirwe nyayo y\u2019ubufatanye mpuzamahanga. SisaIN, ikinyamakuru nkorera, ni ishyirahamwe rito kandi twibanda cyane ku bibazo byo mu ngo. Muri iki cyorezo kiriho, twihutiye guhuza imiyoboro yacu isanzwe y\u2019abanyamakuru bo mu mahanga \u2013 kimwe no kuganira n\u2019inama z\u2019abanyamakuru ndetse n\u2019abo mu mahanga – kugira ngo dushake inkuru tunasaba umusanzu. Twakoresheje kandi ibinyamakuru mpuzamahanga by\u2019ubuvuzi kandi twohereza ibibazo ku bahanga mu buzima rusange. Imbere y\u2019icyorezo nka COVID-19, abanyamakuru bagomba kureba niba ubufatanye mpuzamahanga bukenewe muri za guverinoma, impuguke mu by\u2019ubuvuzi, ndetse n\u2019itangazamakuru: ni ukureba ubwoko bw\u2019ubufatanye bukenewe, uburyo bwihariye bw\u2019ubufatanye ndetse n\u2019imikorere myiza. Abanyamakuru bakora inkuru zicukumbuye bafite abo baziranye mu mahanga bashobora kubifashisha.<\/p>\n

Fabiola Torres <\/strong><\/a><\/h4>\n

Uwashinze, <\/strong>Salud con Lupa<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>Torres ni umuyobozi n\u2019uwashinze ikigo cya \u201cLima -based Salud con Lupa\u201d (Ubuzima hamwe n\u2019indorerwamo ibuzamura ), urubuga rwo kuri murandasi rw\u2019itangazamakuru rikora ku bijyanye n\u2019ubuzima rusange muri Amerika y\u2019Epfo. Yashinze kandi urubuga rw\u2019inkuru zicukumbuye ruzwi cyane nka Ojo P\u00fablico.<\/em><\/p>\n

Mu rwego rwo guhangana n\u2019iki cyorezo, ibihugu byinshi byo muri Amerika y\u2019Epfo byatangaje ibihe bidasanzwe. Ibyo\u00a0 birimo ingamba nshya mu gukoresha amafaranga ya leta, gufunga imipaka, hamwe n\u2019uburenganzira butandukanye bw\u2019abaturage no kubuza abantu gutwara abantu, byose biganisha ku\u00a0 gutuma abaturage baguma mu rugo babishaka batabishaka.\u00a0Iki ni igihe kitoroshye, kigoye ku banyamakuru bakora inkuru zicukumbuye. Ndatekereza ko ubu, kuruta mbere hose, dushobora kwereka isi ko ubuzima rusange bugomba kwitabwaho cyane. Ubuzima rusange buri muri gahunda y\u2019ibice byinshi bitandukanye bya sosiyete kandi bufitanye isano cyane n\u2019ubukungu ndetse na politiki y\u2019igihugu ndetse na mpuzamahanga. Ubuzima rusange bugomba kuba ingingo ihoraho yo kuganirwaho; niba dutekereza gusa ku buzima iyo turwaye cyangwa hari icyorezo, icyo gihe tuba twakererewe.<\/p>\n

Mbere na mbere, mu gihe dukora amakuru ya buri munsi, tugomba guhora twibaza tuti \u201cIkintu cy\u2019ingenzi nasobanurira abanteze amatwi nonaha ni ikihe?\u201d Tugomba guhora tuzirikana ko itangazamakuru ari serivisi rusange, cyane cyane ku bantu batishoboye kurusha abandi ndetse n\u2019abafite ibibazo bya politiki cyangwa byo guhohoterwa n\u2019ibigo. Icya kabiri, tugomba kwibaza tuti \u201cNi iki cyarwanya iki cyorezo? Ninde wungukirwa muri iki kibazo mpuzamahanga?\u201d Ibigo bikorerwamo ibya farumasi, amasosiyete akora ibijyanye n\u2019ibinyabuzima, n\u2019amasosiyete akora ibindi bikoresho byita ku buzima akenera kugenzurwa kuruta uko bisanzwe. Inshuro nyinshi, amategeko agenga ubucuruzi n\u2019uburenganzira ku mutungo bwite mu by\u2019ubwenge yagiye anyuranya n\u2019inyungu rusange z\u2019ubuzima rusange n\u2019uburenganzira bwa muntu. Abanyamakuru bakora inkuru zicukumbuye na bo bakeneye kureba ingaruka z\u2019iki cyorezo. Iyi virusi yatumye ubuzima buhagaraga ku isi. Ibi bihe bitera ubukene n\u2019ubusumbane burenze uko byari bimeze mbere, ni ngombwa rero ko dukora icukumbura ku ngaruka ku z\u2019iki cyorezo ku bukungu n\u2019imibereho.<\/p>\n

Iki cyorezo cyatweretse ko dukeneye ubufatanye bukomeye, itangazamakuru ricukumbura, ku ngingo nyinshi. Muri Salud Con Lupa, turimo gukorana n\u2019abandi banyamakuru bo muri Amerika y\u2019Epfo kugira ngo amakuru arusheho gutangwa mu mucyo no gusangira amakuru yagenzuwe gusa, ndetse no gukora ku mishinga yo gukora icukumbura\u00a0 mu rwego rwo kurwanya ko hagira abitwaza ubutegetsi bagahohotera abandi.<\/p>\n

Martha Mendoza<\/strong><\/a><\/h4>\n

Umwanditsi ku rwego rw\u2019igihugu w\u2019ikinyamakuru The Associated Press\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>Mendoza ukorera mu kibaya cya Silicon ni we wegukanye igihembo cya Pulitzer inshuro ebyiri, kubera inkuru zafashije kubohora abagabo 2000 bari mu bucakara mu nganda zo mu nyanja za muri Tayilande kandi zagaragaje ubwicanyi bw\u2019intambara ya Koreya yabereye i No Gun Ri.\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n

Inama rusange naha abanyamakuru ni uguhuza imbaraga igihe bishoboka. Kugira abo mukorana\u00a0 bya hafi muri iki gihe gikomeye bizamura urwego rw\u2019akazi kawe kandi bikaba bishobora no gutuma utarambirwa bitewe n\u2019uko uba ufite abo muganira buri munsi.<\/p>\n

Kumvikanisha ijwi ry\u2019abadafite amajwi birakomeye. Abimukira batagira aho baba, bafunzwe kandi bahejejwe inyuma bakeneye kugerwaho. Ku bijyanye n\u2019ibikoresho, nakoresheje ImportGenius<\/a>, Panjiva<\/a>, USASpending<\/a>, trac.syr.edu<\/a>, MarineTraffic<\/a>, PACER<\/a> n\u2019ibindi.<\/p>\n

Niba ugiye kugenzura inzira ibintu binyuramo, koresha amakuru kandi wirinde gukabya. Reka udutekerezo tube udutekerezo gusa, yego udutekerezo, ariko ntugafate imyanzuro ushingiye ku bindi bitari imibare ifatika. Na none iyi ni inkuru y\u2019isi yose, rwose rero garagaraza aho ibera, ariko komeza iyo miterere minini. Kandi nk\u2019uko bisanzwe nshuti zanjye, mureke dutange \u00ab\u00a0FOIAs\u00a0\u00bb<\/p>\n

Natalia Antelava<\/strong><\/a><\/h4>\n

Umwanditsi mukuru wa <\/strong>Coda Story<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>Uwahoze ari umunyamakuru wa BBC, Antelava ni we washinze Coda Story, umuryango udaharanira inyungu ukora cyane mu bintu bitandukanye nk\u2019intambara ku bumenyi, amakuru atari yo, ikibazo cya LGBTQ, no kwimuka.<\/em><\/p>\n

Inama nagira abanyamakuru bakora inkuru zicukumbuye kuri coronavirus ni ukubifata nk\u2019ayandi maperereza yose. Kurikirana amafaranga ariko utange inkuru ikwiye abantu. Kugoreka amakuru biteye ikibazo, bihindura sosiyete zacu. Kimwe n\u2019ibindi bibazo byose coronavirus na yo igira abahohotewe n\u2019ababikoze. Akazi kacu ni ukubashakisha. Ni iki kigomba gusuzumwa cyane? Ni izihe ngaruka akato kagira ku buzima bwacu bwo mu mutwe? Ni zihe ngaruka za COVID-19 ku buzima bwihariye bw\u2019umuntu?<\/p>\n

Ying Chan<\/strong><\/a><\/h4>\n

Umwarimu w\u2019icyubahiro muri kaminuza ya Hong Kong<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>Umunyamakuru n\u2019umurezi, Ying Chan ni umuyobozi w\u2019itangazamakuru washinze ikigo cy\u2019itangazamakuru muri kaminuza ya Hong Kong. Yayoboye iperereza ryamamaye ku binyabuzima birimo kwangirika, gucuruza abantu, ndetse n\u2019ibyaha byateguwe.<\/em><\/p>\n

Reka ntangire mvuga ko abanyamakuru bakeneye gukurikiza umugani wa kera wo \u201cgukurikira amafaranga.\u201d Injira mu buryo bwimbitse kandi ukore iperereza ku ruhare rw\u2019inyungu rusange n\u2019inyungu zidasanzwe byihishe inyuma y\u2019ubuzima n\u2019imfu bitewe n\u2019icyorezo. Nk\u2019urugero, ni izihe nyungu rusange zihishe inyuma y\u2019ibura ry\u2019ibikoresho byo gupima n\u2019ibindi bikenerwa mu buvuzi? Hariho ibipima ibizamini byinshi ku masoko, muri Amerika no ku isi yose.Ni ayahe masosiyete yigenga, ni bande bakora ibyo bipima bizamini ? Ni izihe mbogamizi mu gupima ibizamini ? Hariho kandi ikibazo cya masike. Dukeneye ikarita yuzuye yerekana uburyo bwo gutanga amasoko ku isi, uruhare rw\u2019inyungu bwite, abahuza n\u2019amasosiyete. Reuters yabikozeho inkuru nziza ndetse<\/a> na The New York Times yatanze inkuru ku bicuruzwa biri mu Bushinwa<\/a>. Ariko izi nkuru ntizari zuzuye.<\/p>\n

Ku bijyanye n\u2019ibikoresho byo kwikingira, ibitangazamakuru byo muri Amerika byatangaje amakuru ku ndege ya mbere y\u2019ibicuruzwa byaturutse mu Bushinwa mu mpera za Werurwe<\/a>. Nyuma mu kiganiro, umuyobozi wo muri Leta zunze ubumwe z\u2019Amerika yavuze ko ibikoresho byoherejwe ku isoko ryigenga<\/a>, kandi yemera ko \u201chabaye imyitwarire idasanzwe.\u201d Iyo myitwarire yaba ari yihe? Abanyamakuru bagiye bakurkiranira hafi uko ibintu byagiye bihinduka umunsi ku munsi. Tugomba gukora neza mu guhuza utudomo no kugenzura kunanirwa kugaragara kwa sisitemu.<\/p>\n

Susan Comrie<\/strong><\/a><\/h4>\n

Umunyamakuru ukora inkuru zicukumbuye, <\/strong>AmaBhungane<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0(Afurika y\u2019Epfo). <\/strong><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>Comrie akorera ikigo kidaharanira inyungu gikora inkuru zicukumbuye cyitwa \u201camaBhungane\u201d cyo muri Afurika y\u2019Epfo. Yakomye imbarutso y\u2019umushinga wa GuptaLeaks, agaragaza ruswa ikomeye muri Afurika y\u2019Epfo mu myaka yashize, kandi yahembwe na sosiyete y\u2019ubwishingizi ya Sanlam nk\u2019umunyamakuru w\u2019umwaka mu by\u2019ubukungu muri Afurika.\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n

Amasoko yihutirwa atanga amahirwe menshi ku baryi ba ruswa, ku bashaka inyungu, akanatuma habaho ihohoterwa. Nakomeje rero gukurikirana amasezerano yihutirwa cyangwa kwagura amasezerano muri iki gihe. Muri Afurika y\u2019Epfo, Ibiro by\u2019Umuyobozi mukuru ushinzwe amasoko bitangaza kwagura amasezerano no gutandukana buri gihembwe (biboneka hano<\/a>), ariko biracyafata igihe kinini mu kubona aya makuru kugira ngo ibiyavuyemo bibe byakoreshwa byihuse umuntu abone ibyo yishingikirizaho mu kwandika bivuye imbere.<\/p>\n

Ikintu gitunguranye cyagaragaye ni uburyo amabwiriza yo kubungabunga ibidukikije yashyizwe ku ruhande kubera COVID-19. Urugaga rw\u2019abanyamategeko Webber Wentzel, mu byumweru bibiri bishize, rwatangaje inyandiko<\/a> igaragaza uburyo ibice bigize itegeko ry\u2019igihugu rigena imicungire y\u2019ibidukikije (NEMA) bihinduka mu gihe cy\u2019ibihe byihutirwa, nk\u2019ibi turimo ubu. Ku bijyanye rero n\u2019ibibazo by\u2019ibidukikije, nasuzuma ibyemejwe kubera COVID-19 ariko na none n\u2019ibindi bibaho mu gihe abashinzwe kubahiriza amategeko bashishikajwe gusa n\u2019icyorezo.<\/p>\n

Syed Nazakat<\/a><\/strong><\/h4>\n

Umwanditsi mukuru wa DataLEADS<\/a> (u Buhinde) akaba na nyirayo<\/strong><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>Nazakat akora gahunda yo gutangaza amakuru DataLEADS, itanga amahugurwa ikanayobora urubuga rwa mbere ruyobowe n\u2019amakuru mu Buhinde rwahariwe gutangaza amakuru ku buzima. Nk\u2019umunyamakuru muri The Week, yatsindiye igihembo cyo mu itangazamakuru mu Buhinde cyitwa \u201cIndia\u2019s prestigious Ramnath Goenka Excellence in Journalism Award\u201d.<\/em><\/p>\n

Abanyamakuru bari ku gitutu kinini cy\u2019uko amakuru ya buri munsi agenda yisuka ubudacogora. Ariko urufunguzo ku banyamakuru bakora inkuru zicukumbuye ni ugukomeza umutima. Ntimukarangazwe n\u2019ibikorwa bya buri munsi kimwe n\u2019ibiganiro bigenewe abanyamakuru. Nimuperereze kandi mucukumbure cyane.<\/p>\n

Hano hari amakuru menshi aboneka ubu. Ni ayahe makuru atubwira ku byerekeye ikibazo kiriho? Ni ubuhe butumwa rusange, inyandiko, amategeko ya leta yo kugura, na raporo y\u2019ubugenzuzi ku itangwa ry\u2019ibikoresho byo kwa muganga bitubwira? Haba hari ibibazo by\u2019uburangare no kudakora? Itangazamakuru ricukumbura ritangirira ku kubaza ibibazo no gushaka abantu bashobora kubisubiza. Ku bijyanye n\u2019ibikoresho, ngira ngo urufunguzo hano ni ukugenzura ibimenyetso byose wakiriye ukoresheje ibikoresho bitandukanye byo kugenzura kuri murandasi nka InVID<\/a>, YouTube DataViewer<\/a>, Yandex<\/a>, CrowdTangle<\/a>, gushakisha amashusho, hamwe n\u2019ibikoresho byo kugenzura amajwi kugira ngo utahure ahari ukubeshya ndetse na virusi kuri murandasi. Buri gihe mujye mwibuka ko niba tudafite ibimenyetso, nta kuri dufite.<\/p>\n

Imwe mu nkuru abanyamakuru bakeneye kwitondera cyane ni ubucuruzi puzamahanga bw\u2019ibinyamaswa zo mu gasozi, bitewe n\u2019uko COVID-19 yatewe na bwo, ndetse n\u2019izindi ndwara nyinshi mu nyamaswa zororwa zatewe n\u2019inyamaswa zo mu gasozi. Mu myaka yashize, ubucuruzi bw\u2019inyamaswa nzima, ndetse bwemewe n\u2019amategeko, bwariyongereye kandi nta shusho isobanutse dufite ku bunini bwabwo n\u2019ingaruka zabwo ku buzima bwa muntu.<\/p>\n

Musikilu Mojeed\u00a0<\/strong><\/a><\/h4>\n

Umwanditsi mukuru wa \u201cNigeria\u2019s Premium Times\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>Umwe mu banyamakuru bakomeye bo muri Nijeriya bakora inkuru zicukumbuye, Mojeed yatangaje amakuru kuri ruswa, uburenganzira bwa muntu no gucuruza abantu. <\/em>Mu byo akesha umwuga we harimo ibihembo bya \u2018Global Shining Light Award\u2019, \u2018Wole Soyinka Investigative Reporting Awards\u2019, hamwe na \u2018Data Journalism Award\u2019.\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n

Ndatekereza ko iki ari cyo gihe abanyamakuru bakurikirana imikoreshereze ya miliyari zasohotse mu bihugu byabo bitandukanye mu rwego rwo kurwanya icyorezo. Nk\u2019urugero, muri Nijeriya, ihuriro ry\u2019abikorera ryatanze hafi miliyari 15 z\u2019amanayira akoreshwa muri Nijeriya<\/a> (hafi miliyoni 39 z\u2019amadolari ya Amerika) muri guverinoma ihuriweho na leta mu rwego rwo gushyigikira ingufu z\u2019ubuyobozi mu kubaka ibigo by\u2019akato bifite ibikoresho bihagije no kugura ibikoresho n\u2019imiti ikenewe mu kurwanya iyi ndwara. Amafaranga menshi arimo gukusanywa no gukoreshwa, kandi birashoboka ko abayobozi bamwe bashobora gutegura umugambi wo kwikungahaza mu buryo butemewe.<\/p>\n

Ndatekereza ko ibintu bisa mu bihugu byinshi. Abanyamakuru bagomba gukomeza gukurikirana amafaranga yakoreshejwe n\u2019uburyo bwo gutanga amasoko n\u2019abayobozi. Hariho ikintu cy\u2019uko abayobozi baba bashaka gucunga nabi cyangwa kwiba bivuye inyuma amafaranga ya leta mu gihe\u00a0 habonetse ibintu byihutirwa nk\u2019ibyatejwe na coronavirus. Ibihugu bimwe na bimwe bisuka amafaranga mu bushakashatsi no mu mavuriro. Byaba byiza ukurikiranye ibyakoreshejwe hagamijwe kumenya akayabo k\u2019amafaranga isi ikura muri ayo mafaranga yakoreshejwe. Abanyamakuru bagomba kugaragaza ko icyorezo kitakungahaje abarimu b\u2019abanebwe babonye inkunga y\u2019ubushakashatsi ariko ntibagire icyo bageraho.<\/p>\n

Abanyamakuru bagomba kandi kwita ku ihohoterwa ry\u2019uburenganzira bwa muntu rikorwa muri iki gihe ku isi. Hariho za guma mu rugo mu bihugu byinshi kandi abayobozi bahamagariye abapolisi, igisirikare, ndetse n\u2019izindi nzego zishinzwe umutekano gushyira mu bikorwa politiki yo kuguma mu rugo. Hari amakuru avuga ko inzego z\u2019umutekano mu bihugu bimwe na bimwe zigenda ziyongera cyane, kandi zihutaza uburenganzira bw\u2019abaturage. Abanyamakuru bafite inshingano zo kwandika kuri iryo hohoterwa.<\/p>\n

Rawan Damen<\/a><\/strong><\/h4>\n

Umuyobozi mukuru wa,\u00a0<\/strong>Arab Reporters for Investigative Journalism<\/a><\/strong>(Umuryango w\u2019abanyamakuru b\u2019Abarabu bakora itangazamakuru ricukumbura)<\/strong><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>Damen ukomoka muri Amman ayoboye ARIJ, ikigo cya mbere kidaharanira inyungu gitangaza amakuru acukumbuye. Amaze imyaka makumyabiri akora nk\u2019umuntu utuganya filime, akora kandi ayobora amasaha arenga 30 ya filime mbarankuru kuri \u201cIhuzanzira rya Al Jazeera n\u2019ibindi bitangazamakuru.<\/em><\/p>\n

Iyi ni yo nkuru nini muri 2020 kandi birashoboka ko izaba ku isonga mu myaka myinshi iri imbere. Iyi ntabwo ari inkuru y\u2019ubuzima cyangwa siyanse gusa; iyi ni inkuru mbonezamubano-politiki-ubukungu, iyi ni uburenganzira bwa muntu, ubwoko, ni inkuru y\u2019umuco. Inama yanjye ya mbere ni ukwiyumvisha neza ko uriho kugira ngo utangaze inkuru kandi \u201cntukabe inkuru\u201d ushyira ubuzima bwawe mu kaga. Hano hakenewe cyane kumenya icyo amakuru ari cyo, kuko inkuru zerekeye COVID-19 zihari kandi zizakoreshwa cyane. Hariho kandi amahirwe meza y\u2019ubufatanye ndengamipaka kuko abanyamakuru bose bakurikirana inkuru imwe, kandi benshi ntibashobora kuva mu bihugu byabo. Mu gihe kimwe, ni ngombwa kwibaza icyatuma inkuru yawe iba inkuru idasanzwe. Ni ibintu kandi byihuta cyane, bihinduka byihuse, ku buryo dushobora gukenera iperereza ryihuse mu gihe gito cy\u2019umusaruro, nk\u2019uko dukeneye iperereza gakondo ry\u2019igihe kirekire hamwe mu buzima burebure.<\/p>\n

Ku bakora iperereza bari mu rugo, badashobora kugera ahari amakuru, ntimutubwire ibyo abahanga bazi, mutubwire uko abahanga babizi. Ntimukurikirane urugero rwiza rwatanzwe gusa, ahubwo munakurikirane icyatumye rubaho; ntimwibande ku mibare gusa, ahubwo murebe n\u2019uburyo yabonetsemo. Sesengura witonze ibyo abashinzwe ubuzima n\u2019abanyapolitiki bavuga ko bazakora kandi ubabaze uko babikoze. Ni ngombwa kumenyera gukoresha terefone n\u2019ibikoresho bya digitale nka \u201cSignal\u201d, \u201cJitsi\u201d cyangwa \u201cZoom\u201d kugira ngo uvugane n\u2019abaguha amakuru. Iki ni cyo gihe cyo kubaka umubano n\u2019abaguha amakuru bashya no kugira aho ukura amakuru henshi hashoboka. Hanyuma, witondere kuba watesha agaciro abanduye cyangwa kuvangura amoko mu nkuru yawe.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Mu gihe ibihugu byinshi ku isi byafashe ingamba zidasanzwe mu rwego rwo kurwanya icyorezo cya coronavirus, akazi k\u2019abanyamakuru bakora inkuru zicukumbuye ku myitwarire mibi y\u2019ubutegetsi no gukandamiza abatishoboye ntikigeze kagaragara cyane. Mu gihe habaye ibibazo byihutirwa, abanyamakuru bacukumbura bagomba gutangirira he? Ni ibihe bikoresho n\u2019ubuhanga bikenewe mu gukora inkuru zicukumbuye mu gihe cya COVID-19? \u00a0Mu […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3031153,"featured_media":1016426,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_price":"","_stock":"","_tribe_ticket_header":"","_tribe_default_ticket_provider":"","_tribe_ticket_capacity":"0","_ticket_start_date":"","_ticket_end_date":"","_tribe_ticket_show_description":"","_tribe_ticket_show_not_going":false,"_tribe_ticket_use_global_stock":"","_tribe_ticket_global_stock_level":"","_global_stock_mode":"","_global_stock_cap":"","_tribe_rsvp_for_event":"","_tribe_ticket_going_count":"","_tribe_ticket_not_going_count":"","_tribe_tickets_list":"[]","_tribe_ticket_has_attendee_info_fields":false,"republication-tracker-tool-hide-widget":false,"footnotes":"","_tec_slr_enabled":"","_tec_slr_layout":""},"categories":[23152],"tags":[],"gijn_topic":[19162],"series":[],"gijn_language":[17793],"gijn_region":[],"class_list":["post-293714","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-gucanga","gijn_topic-amakuru-ukwegeranya","gijn_language-rw-rw"],"acf":[],"ticketed":false,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/gijn.org\/rw\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/293714","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/gijn.org\/rw\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/gijn.org\/rw\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gijn.org\/rw\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3031153"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gijn.org\/rw\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=293714"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/gijn.org\/rw\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/293714\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gijn.org\/rw\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1016426"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/gijn.org\/rw\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=293714"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gijn.org\/rw\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=293714"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gijn.org\/rw\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=293714"},{"taxonomy":"gijn_topic","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gijn.org\/rw\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/gijn_topic?post=293714"},{"taxonomy":"series","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gijn.org\/rw\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/series?post=293714"},{"taxonomy":"gijn_language","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gijn.org\/rw\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/gijn_language?post=293714"},{"taxonomy":"gijn_region","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gijn.org\/rw\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/gijn_region?post=293714"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}