GIJN Africa: Imiryango idaharanira inyungu iratanga inkunga yo kuzahura itangazamakuru ricukumbura

Itangazamakuru ricukumbura birazwi ko rihenda igihe cyose, kandi itangazamakuru muri rusange naryo rirakiyubaka, mu gihe ubukungu bw’isi nabwo bukomeza guhura n’ibibazo. Bimwe mu bitangazamakuru bicuruza ntibigishora amafaranga mu nkuru zicukumbuye nk’uko byagendaga mbere.

Ni ku bw’iyo mpamvu rero, hari imwe mu miryango myinshi idaharanira inyungu yateye intambwe ngo irebe yaziba icyo cyuho. Harimo ikorera mu bihugu imbere, hari iri mpuzamahanga ariko iganisha ibikorwa byayo muri Africa, kugira ngo itere inkunga itangazamakuru ricukumbura kuri uyu mugabane. Dore imwe muri iyo miryango n’ibigega nterankunga.

Ikigo nyafurika giharanira agahebuzo k’itangazamakuru (African Centre for Media Excellence – ACME)

Iki kigo gikorera i Kampala muri Uganda, gifite imishinga yo gutera inkunga itangazamakuru ricukumbura, kikanahugura abanyamakuru bashaka kuba indashyikirwa muri uyu mwuga. Intego nyamukuru wa ACME ni ukubaka itangazamakuru rikora neza, rikageza amakuru ku baturage, rikaba umuyoboro wo gukurikirana ibyo ubutegetsi bukorera abaturage no kwimakaza umuco w’ibiganiro byimbitse kandi byubaka. Muri gahunda yo gutera inkunga, ACME ikunze gufatanya n’indi miryango mpuzamahanga idaharanira inyungu. Muri yo twavugamo Ford Foundation, Revenue Watch Institute, Population Reference Bureau na MacArthur Foundation.

Umuryango nyafurika w’itangazamakuru (African Media Initiative – AMI)

Uyu washinzwe mu 2008, ugamije kongerera imbaraga itangazamakuru nyafurika, ngo ribashe kugira uruhare mu miyoborere iciye muri demokarasi n’iterambere ry’ubukungu. Ibi ubikora wifashishije ibikorwa byubaka ukwishyira ukizana, imikoranire n’abandi, umuco wo kudaheza n’ubukungu burambye kandi butajegajega. Bimwe mu bikorwa byawo byibanda ku gukorana na ba nyir’ibitangazamakuru byo muri Africa n’abayobozi babyo. Ibi biba bigamije kubongerera ubushobozi bwo guhangana n’ibibazo biri mu itangazamakuru. Ibindi ni uguha abanyamakuru amahirwe yo kwihugura, gutera inkunga inkuru, ubuvugizi ku ihindurwa rya pilitiki igenga itangazamakuru, ubushakashatsi n’ubufatanye mu gukora inkuru zuzuye. AMI kandi ijya itegura inama ngarukamwaka y’itangazamakuru nyafurika, (African Media Leaders’ Forum), inama ihuriramo abayobozi b’ibitangazamakuru, abanyamakuru n’abandi bafatanyabikorwa, bakaganira ku ngingo zihangayikishije iterambere ry’itangazamakuru.

Ishuri rya Deci Vele (DW Akademie)

Iki ni ikigo mpuzamahanga cya Radio y’Abadage Deutsche Welle, kiyifasha guteza imbere itangazamakuru. Muri Africa, gikorera mu bihugu 18, aho gitera inkunga itangazamakuru, amaradiyo y’abaturage, ndetse n’abafite imbuga zishyirwaho amakuru (blogs). Ahanini ibikorwa bya DW Akademie, biba bigamije kongerera ubushobozi ibitangazamakuru ngo bikore neza cyane. Hari kandi gushyigikira itangazamakuru ryigenga, n’iterambere rirambye ry’amahugurwa ahoraho ku bakora umwuga w’itangazamakuru. Itera inkunga zijyanye no kuzamura ubwisanzure bw’itangazamakuru, uburenganzira bwo kubona amakuru, hibandwa ku ikoranabuhanga.

Fojo Media Institute

Nubwo Fojo Media Institute ikorera muri Suwede, ntibiyibuza kuba iri mu bihugu byinshi, birimo n’u Rwanda. Ikorana n’abafatanyabikorwa b’imbere mu gihugu no mu karere, ngo bongerere imbaraga itangazamakuru ryisanzuye, ryigenga kandi rikora kinyamwuga. Fojo itera inkunga ibigo by’itangamakuru n’indi miryango ikora muri urwo rwego, n’abanyamakuru ku giti cyabo; hagamijwe ko bakwigenga mu bukungu na politiki (kwibeshaho batagenerwa n’ubutegetsi). Ibafasha gukora igenamigambi ritajegajega ndetse ikanatera inkunga ya bimwe mu bikoresho. Muri Africa, ubu Fojo ikorera mu bihugu bitanu, ari byo: Kenya, Ethiopia, Somalia, Zimbabwe, n’u Rwanda. Ariko hari ibindi bihugu binyuranye yagiye igiramo imishinga itera inkunga.

Ford Foundation

Ni umuryango nyamerika udaharanira inyungu, ufite icyicaro mu turere dutatu twa Africa. Mu Burasirazuba kiri Nairobi muri Kenya, Mu Burengerazuba kiri Lagos muri Nigeria, Naho mu Majyepfo wagisanga Johannesburg muri Africa y’Epfo. Ford itera inkunga itangazamakuru ricukumbura, mu rwego rwo kubaza inshingano abayobozi n’ibigo,  ndetse no gukora inkuru ziha ijambo rubanda nyamuke, abasigajwe inyuma n’amateka ndetse n’abahabwa akato n’umuryango mugari. Yibanda kandi ku mishinga ifite ubudasa, iba igamije kugera ku bantu benshi bashoboka. Ford yakira imishinga yose hatagombye itangazo riyisaba, kandi amarembo ahora afunguye. Inkunga batanga iri hagati ya miliyoni 50 na miliyari imwe mu mafaranga y’u Rwanda, ($50,000 to $1.25 million).

Hivos

Iyi nayo ni iy’abadage, ariko ikorera ku isi hose. Hivos itera inkunga ibitangazamakuru bikora ibijyanye n’umurongo wayo, harimo uburenganzira bw’abagore, n’ingufu zisazura, (renewable energy). Gusa Hivos yishimira cyane itangazamakuru rihanga udushya, n’abanyamakuru bagaragaza ibisubizo by’ibibazo biriho n’ibyabaye ingorabahizi. Ifite ibiro by’uturere habiri muri Africa: Kenya mu Burasirazuba, na Zimbabwe mu Majyepfo. Cyakora ifite n’ibiro mu bihugu bine, ari byo  Africa y’Epfo, Zambia, Uganda na Malawi.

Umuryango mpuzamahanga w’abagore bakora itangazamakuru (International Women’s Media Foundation)

Uyu ni umuryango mpuzamahanga udaharanira inyungu, ukorera I Washington muri Leta zunze ubumwe z’Amerika. Inkunga zawo zose zireba abagore gusa, bakora mu itangazamakuru. Muri izo nkunga harimo n’amahugurwa, gukora inkuru, ubutabazi bwihutirwa, ingendo shuri ndetse n’amafaranga. IWMF ifite ibigega bibiri bitera inkunga abagore, harimo  kimwe kirebana n’abagore bo mu itangazamakuru basanzwe n’ikindi kibaha ubutabazi bwihuse mu bihe bidasanzwe. Icya mbere kibanda ku gutera inkunga uburezi bw’abagore biga itangazamakuru, inkuru zicukumbuye n’ibindi bikorwa biteza imbere itangazamakuru. Naho ikindi  cyo kigoboka abanyamakurukazi bari mu kaga biturutse ku mwuga wabo. Ibi bigega byombi byakira ubusabe bw’inkunga igihe cyose bibaye ngombwa.

Umuryango nterankunga y’abanya Irelande (Irish Aid)

Ni gahunda yashyizweho na Leta ya Irelande, igamije gutera inkunga iterambere mu rwego mpuzamahanga. Iyi gahunda ubu ikorera mu bihugu icyenga(9) ku isi, ariko byose ni ibyo muri Africa usibye Vietnam. Inkunga ihabwa imiryango y’abanyamakuru, hagamijwe kubaka itangazamakuru ribasha kwimakaza imiyoborere myiza, uburenganzira bwa muntu, n’ubuyobozi bugaragaza ibyo bukorera abaturage, (accountability). Muri Africa, ikorera mu bihugu bifatanyabikorwa nka Ethiopia, Malawi, Kenya, Mozambique, Sierra Leone, Uganda, Tanzania na Zambia. Ariko hari ibindi bihugu wasangamo ibikorwa biterwa inkunga n’iyo gahunda, ari byo Liberia, Africa y’Epfo na Zimbabwe.

Luminate

Aka ni agashami gashinzwe ubutabazi ka Omidyar Network, ikigo cy’ishoramari gikorera mu bihugu binyuranye ku isi, ariko ufite icyicaro gikuru I Londres mu Bwongereza. Laminate yagiyeho mu 2018, itanga inkunga ku miryango idaharanira inyungu, imiryango y’ishoramari iharanira inyungu, ndetse n’indi miryango ivugira abaturage. Intego y’iyo nkunga ni ugufasha abaturage kugira uruhare mu miyoborere, guhabwa neza serivisi bakeneye no kubaza abategetsi uko basohoza inshingano zabo. Ku birebana n’itangazamakuru rero, Liminate ishaka gufasha imiryango idaharanira inyungu iteza imbere itangazamakuru, imikoranire yagati y’abanyamakuru, abashakashatsi n’abakora ubuvugizi. Ubu ishaka abahanga udushya mu kurwanya ibihuha, ndetse n’uburyo bushya bwo kuzamura ubwisanzure bw’itangazamakuru. Nubwo iba ikorera mu Bwongereza, ifite ishami I Nairobi muri Kenya, nubwo ishaka kugaba andi mashami abiri mu bihugu byo munsi y’Ubutayu bwa Sahara: muri Nigeria na Africa y’Epfo. Ibi ariko ntinayibuza gutera inkunga imishinga ikoze neza aho yaba ituruka hose, kandi ingano y’inkunga yayo iterwa n’uko umushinga ukoze n’icyo ugamije.

Ikigega kigamije iterambere ry’itangazamakuru (Media Development Investment Fund – MDIF)

MDIF  ni kigega cy’ishoramari ritagamije inyungu, cyashyiriweho ibinyamakuru byigenga, mu bihugu bigaragaramo ubwisanzure bwa ntabwo, aho itangazamakuru ryigenga ribaho mu itotezwa. Iki kigega gitanga inguzanyo ziciriritse ku bigo bitangaza inkuru, n’amakuru; bigaha umwanya abaturage wo kujya impaka , hagamijwe kubaka imiryango yisanzuye kandi yihagazeho. Icyo kigamije ni ukuzamura ubushobozi mu by’amikoro, ku bigo byigenga by’itangazamakuru; kugira ngo nabyo bizabashe gushora imari mu bintu bigezweho bihangana n’ibindi bigo ku isoko.

Umuryango w’itangazamakuru rya Africa y’Uburengerazuba (Media Foundation for West Africa – MFWA)

MFWA ni umuryango utari uwa Leta ukorera mu bihugu 16 by’Africa y’Uburengerazuba. Ifite gahunda yo kwimakaza ubwisanzure bw’itangazamakuru, ndetse n’iy’itangazamakuru mu miyoborere. Iyi ya nyuma itanga uburyo buhoraho bw’amahugurwa   ku banyamakuru, kandi igatera inkunga itangazamakuru ricukumbura. Mu 2018, yatangije ihuriro ry’abanyamakuru bakora inkuru zicukumbuye muri Africa y’Uburengerazuba. Ikindi ni uko buri mwaka itegura inama y’itangazamakuru muri ako karere (West Africa Media Excellence Conference and Awards), inatangirwamo ibihembo ku banyamakuru bahize abandi.

Ikigo cy’itangazamakuru mu Majyepfo y’Africa (Media Institute of Southern Africa – MISA)

Ni ihuriro ry’imiryango iharanira iterambere mu mu bihugu 11 bigize Amajyepfo y’Africa. Ryashinzwe mu 1992, rifite icyicaro I Windhoek muri Namibia. Ibikorwa bya MISA bigamije ahanini guteza imbere itangazamakuru ryisanzuye kandi ryigenga; rikorwa na benshi rikanagera kuri benshi mu karere. Ibyo bikorwa ibinyuza mu buvugizi, kubaka ubushobozi bw’abakora umwuga w’itangazamakuru, gukurikirana uko ubwisanzure bw’itangazamakuru bugerwaho, ubukangurambaga ku burenganzira bwo kubona amakuru; ndetse n’ubwunganizi mu mategeko. Cyakora ibikorwa biba binyuranye hakurikijwe umwihariko wa buri gihugu, kuko umwuka wa politiki uri mu gihugu ni wo utanga umurongo w’ishyirwamubikorwa rya gahunda z’itangazamakuru. Nko mu bihugu bya Botswana, Malawi, Zambia na Zimbabwe, amashami ya MISA ni nayo afite ububasha bwo gutanga ibihembo ku banyamakuru b’indashyikirwa mu ngeri zinyuranye z’uwo mwuga. Ku rubuga rw’iri huriro uhasanga amakuru ajyanye n’amategeko, amasesengura aba yarakozwe, yemwe na za raporo z’ibikorwa.

Money Trail Grants

Money Trail ni nk’ishami rya Journalismfund.eu (ikigega cy’Uburayi giteza imbere itangazamakuru) kuko ari ho ikura inkunga. Bamwe mu batanyabikorwa ba Journalismfund.eu bakorana n’amatsinda akorera ku migabane ya Africa, Aziya n’Uburayi. Aya matsinda afasha abanyamakuru gukora inkuru zicukumbuye nyambukiranyamipaka. Aha twavugamo nko kunyereza imisoro, gutesha agaciro ifaranga mu buvunjayi, ruswa ku mipaka no ku migabane bariho. Journalismfund.eu inemera ko habaho amatsinda nyambukiranya turere muri Africa n’Aziya; amatsinda yaba agizwe n’abanyamakuru bakomoka mu bihugu nibura bibiri. Muri uyu mwaka wa 2020, hari inkunga eshatu zari zitegereje ubusabe. Imwe yarangiye tariki 16 Werurwe, indi tariki 15 Kamena, naho indi yarangiye ku ya 14 Nzeri.

Open Society Foundations

Iyi ni imiryango yishyize hamwe ikomoka ku bantu ku giti cyabo inakomeye ku isi.  Ibiro byayo bishinzwe Africa bikorera I Londres mu Bwongereza, bigakorana bya hafi n’ibiro by’uturere twose tune muri Africa, ndetse n’ibiro biri byawo mu bihugu. Ibiro by’uturere bitera inkunga imiryango y’itangazamakuru n’amahuriro, amashyirahamwe n’abanyamakuru bafite imishinga igendanye n’imirongo umuryango wihaye. Nta buryo buhuriweho bwo gusaba inkunga buhari, ariko ibiro byo mu turere bihora bitangaza inkunga zihari ngo abazikeneye bazisabe. Harimo gahunda ya Open Society Initiative muri Afurika y’Iburasirazuba, Open Society Initiative  muri Afurika y’Iburengerazuba, Open Society Initiative Umuryango muri Afurika y’Epfo na Open Society Foundation wa Afurika y’Epfo.

Pulitzer Center

Iki kigo cy’abanyamerika binyuze Persephone Miel fellowships gifasha abanyamakuru bo mu bindi bihugu bifuza gukora inkuru zo mu bihugu byabo zigatangazwa mu binyamakuru byo muri America byandika mu Cyongereza. Imishinga iterwa inkunga ni iy’abanyamakuru bagaragaza ibikorwa byo mu bihugu byabo, byagira icyo byungura isi muri rusange. Ntabwo ari inkuru zimwe umunyamakuru agenda akararuza aho yatembereye. Hari kandi ikigega gitera inkunga abanyamakuru bakora ku mvura igwa mu mashyamba mu bihugu by’America y’Amajyepfo, Africa na Aziya. Guhera mu mwaka ushize wa  2019, iki kigega cyatangiye gahunda kwakira imishinga y’inkuru, ku banyamakuru b’abanyafurika bakorera ibitangazamakuru byo mu bihugu byabo ndetse n’ibyo mu karere.

Ikigo cy’Abasuwisi cy’iterambere n’ubutwererane (Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation)

Ishami rishinzwe ubutwererane na Africa mu iterambere,   mu kigo cy’Abasuwisi gishinzwe iterambere mpuzamahanga; rifite imishinga na gahunda zisaga 800 ritera inkunga muri Africa. Izo nkunga zikora mu nzego z’Ubuzima, amahugurwa, guhanga imirimo, iterambere ry’icyaro, amavugurura y’inzego na Leta. Iri shami rero riharanira kubaka ibihugu bigendera ku mategeko, uburenganzira bwa muntu ndetse n’ubutabera; rigatera inkunga iterambere rirambye no kurandura ubukene. Mu rwego rw’itangazamakuru, ritera inkunga inkuru zicukumbuye zikorwa mu gihugu cya Tanzaniya.

Taco Kuiper Grants

Izi ni inkunga ziterwa ibinyamakuru byandika muri Africa y’Epfo, zashyiriweho konerera imbaraga abanyamakuru bakora inkuru zicukumbuye. Zicungwa n’agashami k’itangazamakuru muri Kaminuza ya Witwatersrand, gakoresha ama ZAR 350,000 (hafi amadolari ibihumbi 23) ku mwaka, agenewe abanyamakuru bakora inkuru zicukumbuye muri Africa y’Epfo. Amafaranga yose asabwe aratangwa, apfa kuba asobanurwa neza mu mushinga w’inkuru. Ariko ntibakira udushinga duto duto, baba bashaka imishinga migari igera mu ndiba z’amakuru, ndetse n’ibitabo. Batera inkunga inkuru zicengera mu bibazo byose byugarije Africa y’Epfo.

Wits Umushinga w’itangazamakuru rihuza Africa n’Ubushinwa (Wits Africa-China Reporting Project)

Uyu mushinga w’itangazamakuru rihuza Africa n’Ubushinwa ukorera muri Kaminuza ya Witwatersrand, i Johannesburg muri Africa y’Epfo, mu ishami ry’itangazamakuru. Ugamije kongerera ubushobozi bwo gutangaza ibinoze ku nkuru Africa ihuriraho n’Ubushinwa. Utanga inkunga zo gukora inkuru, ndetse ukanahugura abanyamakuru, mu gucukumbura imibanire y’Africa n’Ubushinwa hatangazwa ibitaravuzwe. Ku mwaka batanga inkunga iri hagati y’amadolari 300 n’ibihumbi bitatu.