{"id":509443,"date":"2022-04-11T04:43:51","date_gmt":"2022-04-11T08:43:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/gijn.org\/?p=509443"},"modified":"2024-09-29T09:04:51","modified_gmt":"2024-09-29T13:04:51","slug":"%d8%af%d9%84%d9%8a%d9%84-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a7%d9%86%d8%aa%d8%ae%d8%a7%d8%a8%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d9%84%d9%84%d8%b5%d8%ad%d9%81%d9%8a%d9%8a%d9%86-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%b3%d8%aa%d9%82%d8%b5%d8%a7%d8%a6%d9%8a","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/gijn.org\/ar\/%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d9%88%d8%a7%d8%b1%d8%af\/%d8%af%d9%84%d9%8a%d9%84-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a7%d9%86%d8%aa%d8%ae%d8%a7%d8%a8%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d9%84%d9%84%d8%b5%d8%ad%d9%81%d9%8a%d9%8a%d9%86-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%b3%d8%aa%d9%82%d8%b5%d8%a7%d8%a6%d9%8a\/","title":{"rendered":"\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0641\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u064a\u0646: \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0651\u0627\u0646\u064a &#8211; \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u062d\u0636\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a"},"content":{"rendered":"<p dir=\"rtl\"><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0651\u0650\u0631: \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 <\/span><\/i><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0651\u0627\u0646\u064a<\/span><\/i><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 GIJN \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0651\u064e\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0645\u0633\u0629 \u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0635\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u00a0\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0633\u064a\u064f\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062a \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0645\u0629. \u0646\u064f\u0634\u0650\u0631\u064e \u0645\u0646\u0647 \u062d\u062a\u0651\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646 <\/span><\/i><a href=\"https:\/\/gijn.org\/2022\/03\/28\/elections-guide-for-investigative-reporters-introduction\/\"><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0651\u0645\u0629<\/span><\/i><\/a><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">.\u00a0\u0627\u0642\u0631\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0651\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0636\u064e\u0644\u0651\u0650\u0644\u0629&#8221; \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0628\u0644.<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0636 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 <\/span><a rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/openelectiondata.net\/en\/guide\/electoral-integrity\/credible-elections\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u0632\u064a\u0647\u0629<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0628\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0642\u0631\u0651\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0646\u0627\u062e\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0637\u0651\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0646. \u064a\u062a\u0641\u062d\u0651\u0635 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&#8211; \u062a\u0624\u062a\u064a \u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0628 \u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a.<\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\"><b>\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0633<\/b><\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\"><b>\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0651\u0641\u0652 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f<\/b><\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_501697\" style=\"width: 400px\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\"><a href=\"https:\/\/gijn.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/Chpt2_small.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-501697\" class=\"wp-image-501697\" src=\"https:\/\/gijn.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/Chpt2_small.jpg\" alt=\"Elections Guide Chapter 2 small\" width=\"390\" height=\"396\" srcset=\"https:\/\/gijn.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/Chpt2_small.jpg 698w, https:\/\/gijn.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/Chpt2_small-336x341.jpg 336w, https:\/\/gijn.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/Chpt2_small-60x60.jpg 60w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 390px) 100vw, 390px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-501697\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0651\u0633\u0645 \u0645\u0646 &#8220;\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u064a\u0644 \u0644\u0648&#8221; \u0644\u0640 GIJN<\/p><\/div>\n<p dir=\"rtl\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 <\/span><a rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.fairvote.org\/how_proportional_representation_elections_work\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u0633\u0628\u064a<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u060c\u00a0 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u062a\u0645\u0651 \u062a\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0644\u062d\u0632\u0628\u064d \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0645\u0639 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0648\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0646\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0632\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0651\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u0631\u0635\u0629\u064b \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629. \u062a\u062a\u0628\u0639 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0631\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 &#8220;\u064a\u0623\u062e\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0626\u0632 \u0643\u0644 \u0634\u064a\u0621&#8221; \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0645\u0645\u062b\u0651\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0641\u0642\u0637\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0641\u0648\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0634\u0651\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0626\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u063a\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0648\u0627\u062a. \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0642\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0645\u0632\u064a\u062c\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u0638\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u064a\u0646. (\u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 <\/span><a rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.aceproject.org\/main\/english\/es\/esf.htm\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u0641\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">). \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0639 \u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a\u060c \u064a\u062a\u0639\u064a\u0651\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0641\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0641\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0651\u0631. \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0637\u0651\u0644\u0627\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0644\u062f\u0643:<\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\" style=\"padding-right: 40px\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">&#8211; \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0651\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0627\u062a \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u0651\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c <\/span><a rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.gndem.org\/members\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0651\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644\u0651 \u0628\u0644\u062f.<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u00a0 \u0627\u0637\u0651\u0644\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0645\u062b\u0644 <\/span><a rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.idea.int\/data-tools\/data\/electoral-system-design\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628\u064a<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062c\u0645\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u064a\u062d\u062f\u0651\u062b\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 (International IDEA). \u064a\u0642\u062f\u0651\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0641\u0635\u0651\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u064e\u0646\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a 217 \u0628\u0644\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064b\u0627.<\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\" style=\"padding-right: 40px\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">&#8211; \u062a\u062c\u0645\u0639 <\/span><a rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/aceproject.org\/ace-en\/topics\/es\/esd\/default\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0640<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> ACE<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 200 \u0628\u0644\u062f\u060c \u062d\u0648\u0644 11 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0639.<\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\" style=\"padding-right: 40px\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">&#8211; \u062a\u062d\u062f\u0651\u062f <\/span><a rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/openelectiondata.net\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d\u0629<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u0622\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0627\u062a\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0641\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0651\u0645 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0634\u0631\u062d \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0648\u064a\u0646\u0628\u063a\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0627\u064b <\/span><a rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/openelectiondata.net\/en\/inventory\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0641\u0651\u0631 14 \u0641\u0626\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0651\u0629<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u0641\u064a 17 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2014. \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064a \u064a\u064f\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0628\u0648\u0636\u0648\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0651\u064f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a\u0650 \u0628\u064a\u0646 <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0651\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0651\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u0651\u062d\u0641\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649\u00a0 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0641\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0628\u062d\u062b\u0648\u0627 \u0639\u0646\u0647\u0627.<\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\" style=\"padding-right: 40px\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">&#8211; \u0627\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0651\u0645\u0627\u062a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u0627\u0639\u0645\u0629 <\/span><a rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/aceproject.org\/electoral-advice\/find-an-expert\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u0644\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0621<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a &#8211; \u0645\u062b\u0644 <\/span><a rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.gndem.org\/members\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0640 251 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0647\u0646\u0627<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> &#8211; \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0631\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0645\u064f\u062d\u062f\u0651\u064e\u062b\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u064f\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0636 \u0623\u0646\u0651\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629.<\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\" style=\"padding-right: 40px\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">&#8211; \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0651\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0651\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0635\u0651\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0645\u0629. \u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0623\u0646 <\/span><a rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/verifiedvoting.org\/verifier\/#mode\/navigate\/map\/ppEquip\/mapType\/normal\/year\/2022\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a Verifier<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0634\u0623\u062a\u0647\u0627\u00a0 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 <\/span><a rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/verifiedvoting.org\/about\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">VerifiedVoting<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0651\u0629\u064c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0651\u062d\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0651\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0651\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629\u064c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0633\u0647\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0634\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u0642\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0643\u0644\u0651 \u0634\u064a\u0621 \u0628\u062f\u0621\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0635\u0648\u064a\u062a \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0633\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u0633\u062c\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627.<\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\" style=\"padding-right: 40px\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">&#8211; \u0627\u0637\u0651\u0644\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a. \u0627\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0639\u0646 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u0627\u062e\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0644\u062f\u0643 \u0641\u064a <\/span><a rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.idea.int\/data-tools\/data\/voter-turnout\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0642\u0628\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u0627\u062e\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0632\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0647<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">. \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0631\u0634\u064a\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0645\u062b\u0644 LexisNexis\u060c \u0627\u0637\u0651\u0644\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 <\/span><a rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/psephos.adam-carr.net\/about\/about.shtml\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u0623\u0631\u0634\u064a\u0641 \u0622\u062f\u0645 \u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628\u064a<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062c\u064f\u0645\u0650\u0639\u064e \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644\u064d \u062e\u0627\u0635\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a &#8211; \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u064b &#8211; \u064a\u062f\u0645\u062c \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0648\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0637\u060c \u0648\u064a\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645\u0651\u062a \u0625\u0632\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629.<\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\"><b>\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0651\u0627\u0645<\/b><\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\" style=\"padding-right: 40px\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">&#8211; \u0627\u0637\u0651\u0644\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0651\u0627\u062a<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u0648\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0645\u062b\u0644 <\/span><a rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.idea.int\/data-tools\/data\/electoral-management-design\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u060c \u0645\u0646 IDEA. \u0648\u064a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0629\u060c <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u0648\u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0646<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u060c \u0648\u0622\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0639\u064a\u064a\u0646.<\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\" style=\"padding-right: 40px\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">&#8211; \u062e\u0635\u0635 \u0648\u0642\u062a\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0639\u0631\u0651\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062b\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u0651 \u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0645\u0651\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0643 \u0628\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0623\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u062a\u0641 \u0645\u0639\u0647\u0645. \u064a\u0624\u0643\u0651\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0651\u062d\u0641\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0636\u0631\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a <\/span><a rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/journalistsresource.org\/politics-and-government\/tips-journalists-2020-presidential-election\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u064a\u063a\u0631\u0642\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0633\u0628\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0635\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0648\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0648\u0646\u0643\u060c \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627 \u0625\u0646 \u0647\u0624\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0633\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0650 \u0648\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0643\u0644\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629.<\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\" style=\"padding-right: 40px\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">&#8211; \u062c\u0647\u0651\u0632\u0652 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a\u0650 \u062a\u0648\u064a\u062a\u0631 \u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a. \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 2020\u060c \u062c\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0652 <\/span><a rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/CuriousScout\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">&#8220;\u062f\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627 \u062a\u0627\u0648\u0646\u0632&#8221;<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0644\u0629\u064f <\/span><a rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/firstdraftnews\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">First Draft<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629\u064b <\/span><a rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/i\/lists\/1295513474072707072\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u0628\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0648\u064a\u062a\u0631 \u0644\u0640\u0640 47 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0635\u0644 50 \u0633\u0643\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0629<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u060c \u0648\u0633\u0643\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u0648 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644\u0651 \u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0629<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">. \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u0651\u062d\u0641\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u062e\u0627\u0648\u0641 \u0647\u0624\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0648\u0642\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0651 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639\u064d \u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0651\u064d \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f. \u064a\u0648\u0635\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627 \u0628\u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u062a\u0648\u064a\u062a\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0651\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0630\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0651\u064a\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0626\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0639\u064a\u0634\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0637\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629. \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u062c\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0652 \u0635\u062d\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0634\u0646\u0637\u0646 \u0628\u0648\u0633\u062a \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629\u064b \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0651\u062d\u0641\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0632\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a <\/span><a rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/i\/lists\/1320425721047748609\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u0647\u0630\u0647<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0648\u064a\u062a\u0631<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">.<\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\" style=\"padding-right: 40px\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">&#8211; \u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0652 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a <\/span><a rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.eods.eu\/library\/UNDP-Media_and_Elections_LR.pdf\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0635\u0651\u0644<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u0644\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0651\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0626\u064a.<\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\"><b>\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0651\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u063a\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a<\/b><\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u0642\u062f \u064a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0651\u062d\u0641\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0647\u0645\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0650\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0651\u0626\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u0627\u062e\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u064f\u0631\u0634\u062f\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645. \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0645 \u062c\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u062a\u0631\u0643 \u0623\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062a\u0651\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0651\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u064a\u0629. \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u062a\u0651\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0647\u0627:<\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\" style=\"padding-right: 40px\"><b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">&#8211; <\/span>\u0644\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629. <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u00a0\u0627\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0634\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a <\/span><a rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/gcatoolkit.org\/journalists\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0641\u064a\u064a\u0646<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u0645\u0646 GCA<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0637\u064f\u0648\u0651\u0650\u0631\u062a\u0652 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0651\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a. \u0642\u064a\u0651\u0650\u0645 \u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u0638\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0643 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0643 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644\u064d \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/gijn.org\/digital-security\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a \u0645\u0646 GIJN<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">.<\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\" style=\"padding-right: 40px\"><b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">&#8211; <\/span>\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0634\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u062a\u0643. <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u00a0\u0647\u0646\u0627\u0644\u0643 \u0639\u062f\u0651\u0629 \u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062c\u0651\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0632\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u064a\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0640 <\/span><a rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/signal.org\/en\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Signal<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u0644\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0651\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u060c <\/span><a rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/protonmail.com\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u0648Protonmail<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u0644\u0644\u0648\u062b\u0627\u0626\u0642 <\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0631\u0633\u064e\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0635\u0646\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0642 \u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0648<\/span><a rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.veracrypt.fr\/en\/Home.html\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">VeraCrypt<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0651\u0636\u0629 \u0644\u062e\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064e\u0631\u0629.<\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\" style=\"padding-right: 40px\"><b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">&#8211; <\/span>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u062f\u064a\u0629: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0633\u0627\u0648\u0631\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0651\u0643\u0651\u064f \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0651\u0643 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0643 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0650\u0628\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0650\u0628\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0623\u0644\u0642\u0650 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u0629\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u0635\u0627\u0626\u062d \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0629 <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/gijn.org\/2021\/05\/17\/what-to-do-when-you-or-your-sources-are-being-followed\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u0641\u064a \u0642\u0635\u0629 GIJN \u0647\u0630\u0647<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">. \u0648\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0633\u0627\u0648\u0631\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0651 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0643 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0650\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0651\u0631\u0637\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u0648\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0651\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0651\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 <\/span><a rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/citizenlab.ca\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Citizen Lab<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u0623\u0648 <\/span><a rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.eff.org\/about\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Electronic Frontier Foundation<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">. \u0627\u0637\u0651\u0644\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u0635\u0627\u0626\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0629 <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/gijn.org\/2021\/04\/22\/what-to-do-when-authorities-raid-your-home\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0629<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u062a\u0643 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0651\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0644\u062e\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629.<\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\" style=\"padding-right: 40px\"><b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">&#8211; <\/span>\u0646\u0635\u0627\u0626\u062d \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0651\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u062f\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u063a\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a.\u00a0<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u0627\u0637\u0651\u0644\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0651\u062d\u0641\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u0651\u064e\u062b\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0651\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0641\u064a\u064a\u0646 <\/span><a rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/cpj.org\/2019\/03\/covering-elections-journalist-safety-kit\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0646\u0634\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629\u064f<\/span><a rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/cpj.org\/2021\/04\/mexico-elections-2021-journalist-safety-kit\/#rallies\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0633\u064a\u0643 \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 2021<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">.<\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\" style=\"padding-right: 40px\"><b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">&#8211; <\/span>\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0651\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u062f\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0651\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0651\u0629.\u00a0<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u0627\u0637\u0651\u0644\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629\u0650 \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a\u0650 \u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629\u0650 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0651\u062d\u0641\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 <\/span><a rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/cpj.org\/2021\/01\/cpj-safety-advisory-covering-the-build-up-to-the-u-s-presidential-inauguration\/?mc_cid=a9e8a183d1&amp;mc_eid=%5bUNIQID%5d\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u0644\u0644\u0633\u0651\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u062a\u0651\u0631\u0629<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> &#8211;\u00a0 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u063a\u0637\u0651\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0639 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0633\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0651\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0643\u0648\u0641\u064a\u062f-19\u060c \u0648\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0651\u064f\u0636 \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0651\u0645\u0648\u0639.<\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\" style=\"padding-right: 40px\"><b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">&#8211; <\/span>\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0651\u063a\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629. <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u0627\u0637\u0651\u0644\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644<\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u00a0PEN America <\/span><a rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/pen.org\/protecting-devices-and-privacy-during-protests\/?mc_cid=a9e8a183d1&amp;mc_eid=%5bUNIQID%5d\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u062a\u0643 \u0648\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a\u0643<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0637\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u062a\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0651\u0644\u0637\u0627\u062a.<\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\" style=\"padding-right: 40px\"><b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">&#8211; <\/span>Google Voice. <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u00a0\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0650\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u064a\u0651\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0628\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0631\u0651\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644\u0647\u0645 \u062a\u0647\u062f\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a &#8211; \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0641\u064a\u0627\u062a &#8211; \u0641\u0643\u0651\u0631 \u0628\u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0622\u0645\u0646\u064d \u0648\u0645\u062c\u0651\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0651 \u0639\u0644\u0649 Google Voice\u060c \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0644\u062f\u0643. \u0625\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0647\u0627\u062a\u0641 \u0635\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0643\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a (VoIP) \u060c \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u062a\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0631\u0642\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0643\u0640 &#8220;\u0647\u0627\u062a\u0641 <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/gijn.org\/2020\/08\/26\/how-journalists-are-coping-with-a-heightened-surveillance-threat\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u0645\u0624\u0642\u0651\u062a \u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">&#8220;.\u00a0 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0651\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0635\u0648\u062a\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0641\u064a\u0647.<\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\"><b>\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a<\/b><\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u062a\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0651\u0639\u0628\u0629 &#8211; \u0645\u0646\u0652 \u062a\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u0627\u062e\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 &#8211; \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0645\u0651\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0647\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0645 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0648\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e. \u0633\u0646\u0630\u0643\u0631 \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u0651\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0648\u062a\u0651\u0631.<\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\" style=\"padding-right: 40px\"><b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">&#8211; <\/span>\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u062a\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0647\u0627\u062a Klaxon. <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u00a0\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0651\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a &#8211; \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u0627\u062e\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0631\u0643\u0632\u0651 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0651\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u062d\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a. \u0644\u0630\u0627 \u062c\u0631\u0628 <\/span><a rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/newsklaxon.org\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 Klaxon<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631. \u062a\u0645\u0651 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 The Marshall Project \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629\u064f \u0623\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0643\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u062e\u0632\u0651\u064e\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u062a\u0646\u0628\u0651\u0647\u0643 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u00a0 \u0623\u0648 <\/span><a rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/discord.com\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Discord<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u0623\u0648 <\/span><a rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/slack.com\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Slack<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">.<\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\" style=\"padding-right: 40px\"><b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">&#8211; <\/span>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0634\u0641\u0629 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064c \u0644\u0627 \u0628\u062f\u0651 \u0645\u0646\u0647. <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u00a0\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u064f\u062d\u0630\u0641\u064f \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644\u064d \u0631\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0646\u064a &#8211; \u0648\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0645\u0651 \u0625\u0646\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0651\u0636\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0651\u0629 &#8211; \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 <\/span><a rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.hunch.ly\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0651\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u064a (plugin) Hunch.ly<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u0644\u0623\u0631\u0634\u0641\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a \u0623\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0643\u064a\u064b\u0627. \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0652 <\/span><a rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Wayback Machine<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u0644\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645\u0651 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u062d\u0630\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0631\u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0632\u064f\u0631\u0652\u0647\u0627. \u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u0651\u064e\u062b\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/gijn.org\/2021\/05\/05\/tips-for-using-the-internet-archives-wayback-machine-in-your-next-investigation\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u0641\u064a \u0642\u0635\u0629 GIJN \u0647\u0630\u0647<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0642\u062f\u0651\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631 Wayback Machine.<\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\" style=\"padding-right: 40px\"><b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">&#8211; <\/span>\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0641\u0631\u064a\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0651\u0648\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0651 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062a.\u00a0<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u062c\u0631\u0651\u0628 <\/span><a rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/trint.com\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Trint<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u0623\u0648 <\/span><a rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/help.otter.ai\/hc\/en-us\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Otter<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0631\u0633\u0645\u064d \u0631\u0645\u0632\u064a\u0651. Otter \u0645\u062f\u0639\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0630\u0651\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u00a0 \u0644\u062a\u0641\u0631\u064a\u063a \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0651\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0651\u0648\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635\u0651\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0651\u0646\u0643 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0651\u0629. \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u0622\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0637\u0651\u0644\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0623\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0651\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0637\u0651\u0644\u0627\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0647 <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/gijn.org\/2022\/01\/27\/how-secure-are-journalists-favorite-transcription-tools\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0651\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0624\u062e\u0631\u064b\u0627 <\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0641\u0631\u064a\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0651\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0651.<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u062e\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0644\u0651\u0644\u0629 &#8220;\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u064a\u062a\u0641\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0646\u0643\u0648&#8221; \u0625\u0646 \u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0634\u0629 \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u062c\u064a\u0651\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0644\u0651\u0629 &#8211; \u0648\u062a\u0642\u062a\u0631\u062d \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062d\u0641\u0638 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0651\u062d\u0641\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0644\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0651\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 <\/span><a rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/services\/wayback-gsheets\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0634\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0651\u0629<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u0647\u0630\u0647. \u0648\u0623\u0636\u0627\u0641\u062a &#8220;\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0628 \u0628\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0651\u0627\u0634\u0629 \u0628\u0633\u0647\u0648\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0647\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0641\u0638 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0641\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u0651\u0641\u062d\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0645\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644\u0629\u064b \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0645&#8221;.<\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\" style=\"padding-right: 40px\"><b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">&#8211; <\/span>\u062e\u0637\u0651\u0650\u0637\u0652 \u0644\u062a\u063a\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0647\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628\u064a. <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u00a0\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u062c\u064a\u0651\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0624\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0651\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0643\u0634\u0641\u062a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0624\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0639\u0646 <\/span><a rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.buzzfeednews.com\/article\/janelytvynenko\/trump-rioters-planned-online\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u0645\u0624\u0627\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0646\u0641<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">. \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0644 &#8220;\u0644\u064a\u062a\u0641\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0646\u0643\u0648&#8221; \u0625\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0651\u0629 \u062a\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0645 (\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 site:t.me -\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629- \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u063a\u0648\u063a\u0644\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 <\/span><a rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/tgstat.com\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">tgstat.com<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">) \u0645\u0641\u064a\u062f\u0629\u064c \u062c\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0644\u0627\u063a \u0639\u0646 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u062f\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0631\u0647\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0637\u0651\u064e\u0637 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0646. \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0648\u064a\u062a\u0631\u060c \u062c\u0631\u0628 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0639\u0644\u0649 <\/span><a rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/chrome.google.com\/webstore\/detail\/fake-news-debunker-by-inv\/mhccpoafgdgbhnjfhkcmgknndkeenfhe?hl=en\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 WeVerify Twitter SNA<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u060c <\/span><a rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.crowdtangle.com\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u0648CrowdTangle<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u0644\u0641\u064a\u0633\u0628\u0648\u0643. \u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0652 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 <\/span><a rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.idea.int\/publications\/catalogue\/electoral-risk-management-tool-overview?lang=en\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0637\u0648\u0651\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629.<\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\" style=\"padding-right: 40px\"><b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">&#8211; <\/span>\u0627\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0648\u064a\u062a\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u00a0 \u062d\u064a\u0644\u0629\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0645\u0646 Bellingcat. <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u00a0\u062a\u0642\u0648\u0644 &#8221; \u0644\u064a\u062a\u0641\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0646\u0643\u0648&#8221; \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u063a\u0648\u063a\u0644: <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">site:twitter.com\/*\/lists &#8220;LISTNAME&#8221;<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> (\u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0636\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0627) &#8211; \u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f\u0651\u064f \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629\u064b \u0642\u0648\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u062a\u0648\u064a\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0641\u064a\u0647. \u062c\u0631\u0651\u0628 \u062a\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a\u0633\u0628\u0648\u0643\u060c Google: <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">site:facebook.com\/groups\u00a0 \u062b\u0645 \u0623\u0636\u0641\u00a0 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0651\u0629&#8221;.<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\" style=\"padding-right: 40px\"><b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">&#8211; 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\u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0642\u0644\u0651\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u0636\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0646\u0633\u062e \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0643\u062a\u064a\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u0636\u0647\u0645. (\u0633\u0646\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0643\u062a\u064a\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a).<\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 &#8220;<\/span><a rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/securingdemocracy.gmfus.org\/author\/david-levine\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u062f\u064a\u0641\u064a\u062f \u0644\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0646<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">&#8220;<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u060c \u0632\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0646\u0632\u0627\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u062a\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629&#8221;\u060c \u0648&#8221;\u0633\u0627\u0645 <\/span><a rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/samvanderstaak\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u0641\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0633\u062a\u0627\u0643<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">&#8220;<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u060c \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627 \u0641\u064a &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629&#8221; (International IDEA)\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0631\u0632\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u062a\u0647\u0627:<\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\" style=\"padding-right: 40px\"><b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">&#8211; <\/span>\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0651\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0651\u0629.\u00a0<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u064a\u062d\u0630\u0651\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u064d \u062d\u0627\u062f\u0651\u064d \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0651\u0629\u064b \u0645\u062d\u0637\u0651\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0632\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0651\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u063a\u0627\u0631\u0634\u064a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0651\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u0651\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0650 \u062a\u063a\u0637\u064a\u0629\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062a\u0634\u0648\u064a\u0647 <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/gijn.org\/2021\/05\/31\/smear-campaigns-oligarch-media-and-street-gangs-serbias-embattled-investigative-media-are-a-warning-to-the-world\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u0633\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0651\u0629<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">. \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 &#8220;\u0641\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0633\u062a\u0627\u0643&#8221; \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0648\u0644\u0646\u062f\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u0638\u0631 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rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/interference2020.org\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u0645\u062a\u062a\u0628\u0651\u0650\u0639 \u0625\u0633\u0646\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u062e\u0651\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">&#8220;<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0634\u0623\u0647 <\/span><a rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.atlanticcouncil.org\/programs\/digital-forensic-research-lab\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">DFRLab<\/span> <\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0631\u0643\u0651\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u062e\u0651\u064f\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 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400\">&#8220;<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645\u0651 \u0625\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0647\u0627 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0634\u0647\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0644 2022 \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u0627. \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0635\u0645\u0651\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 &#8220;\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062a \u0634\u064a\u0641\u0631&#8221; \u0644\u0640 GIJN \u0625\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0635\u0645\u0651\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u0638\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0651\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0651\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629 &#8211; \u0648\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0651\u0629 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400\">\u00a0\u064a\u0642\u0648\u0644 &#8220;\u0644\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0646&#8221; \u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u062e\u0651\u064f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0651\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0651 \u0648\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0635\u0646\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 2016 \u062f\u0641\u0639\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0651\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0647\u0648\u0644\u0646\u062f\u0627\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u0638\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0651\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 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400\">\u00a0\u062a\u0633\u0628\u0651\u0628\u062a \u062c\u0627\u0626\u062d\u0629 \u0643\u0648\u0641\u064a\u062f-19 \u0628\u0627\u0636\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0628 \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0635\u0648\u064a\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0633\u0646\u0629 2020. \u0648\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629\u064b \u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0632\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631 &#8220;\u062a\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0635\u0648\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0651\u0629&#8221;\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0635\u0648\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0635\u0648\u064a\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0629\u060c 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style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u0644\u0627\u0626\u062d\u0629 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629\u00a0 GDPR \u0643\u0630\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0641\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a. &#8220;\u0644\u0642\u062f \u0645\u064f\u0646\u0650\u062d\u062a\u0652 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0633\u0645\u0639\u0629\u064b \u0637\u064a\u0651\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a 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\u063a\u0631\u0636\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0651\u0644\u0637\u0629.\u00a0 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0651\u062d\u0641\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0639\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a&#8221;.<\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\" style=\"padding-right: 40px\"><b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">&#8211; <\/span>\u0647\u062c\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 (DOS) \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629.<\/b> <a rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cisecurity.org\/insights\/spotlight\/ei-isac-cybersecurity-spotlight-denial-of-service-dos-attacks\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0634\u0644\u0651 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u062f\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 (internet traffic) \u062a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644\u064d \u0645\u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0651\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u062a\u0639\u0637\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u062a\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u0627\u062e\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641\u0629 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0644. \u0648\u064a\u0642\u0648\u0644 &#8220;\u0641\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0633\u062a\u0627\u0643&#8221; \u0625\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0641\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0647\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0634\u0643\u0651\u0644\u0647 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0651\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0632\u0627\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a. \u0648\u064a\u0642\u0648\u0644: &#8220;\u0646\u062d\u0646 \u0646\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u0624\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0647\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0642\u0631\u0635\u0646\u0629 \u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0634\u064a\u0648\u0639\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0651\u062e\u0651\u064f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0647\u0648 \u0647\u062c\u0648\u0645 DDos <\/span><a rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/balkaninsight.com\/2020\/07\/16\/north-macedonia-election-commission-cyber-attacked-during-polls\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">. \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629\u064b \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0627\u0642\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u0627\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0624\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0651\u0627 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0641\u0642\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0634\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0651\u062a\u0647\u0627. \u0648\u0643\u0644\u0651\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0628\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b \u0645\u0646 \u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0643\u0644\u0651\u0645\u0627 \u0632\u0627\u062f \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627&#8221;. \u0648\u064a\u0636\u064a\u0641: &#8220;\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0623\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0651\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 &#8211; \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0648\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0633\u064a\u0643 \u0645\u062b\u0644\u0627\u064b &#8211; \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0627\u0643\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0639\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0631\u0647 \u064a\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0630\u0643\u0627\u0626\u0647&#8221;.<\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\"><b>\u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u062a\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0628\u0651\u062f\u064a\u0646<\/b><\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0647\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0651\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u062d\u0638\u0629\u0650 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0621\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u062a\u0646\u062a\u0647\u064a \u0630\u0627\u062a \u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0646\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0628\u064d \u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0651\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0628\u0645\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645 \u064a\u062d\u0638\u0631 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u062d\u0632\u0627\u0628\u064c \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629. \u0623\u0645\u0651\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646 \u0641\u0635\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0651\u0639\u0628 \u0625\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0632\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0627\u062f. \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646 \u0625\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0621 <\/span><a rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/full\/10.1080\/13510347.2019.1582029?src=recsys\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u0648\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0630\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0626 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u064f\u0628\u0642\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0641\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0631\u0639\u0627\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u062f\u0651\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0644\u0642\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a\u064d \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0651\u0629.<\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\"><a rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/21599165.2017.1307826\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u0648\u062c\u062f<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0648\u0646<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0651\u0650\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u064e\u062e\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0651\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u062a\u064a\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0651\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u0636\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064b\u0627 \u064a\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0648\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u062f\u0644\u0651\u0648\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 <\/span><a rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.rise.md\/english\/kremlinovici-deployment\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0630\u0631\u0629<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">. \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0643\u0634\u0641\u062a \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0645\u0624\u062e\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u0623\u0646 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0648 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628&#8221; \u0641\u064a \u0646\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0631\u0627\u063a\u0648\u0627 &#8220;<\/span><a rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.aei.org\/foreign-and-defense-policy\/the-case-of-authoritarian-learning-in-nicaragua-2\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0648\u0643\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0646\u0633\u062e \u0637\u0628\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">&#8221; \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0633\u0646\u0651\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0651\u0648\u0633\u064a \u0641\u0644\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2012.<\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u0648\u0641\u0642\u0627 \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0650\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0651\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0631\u064a &#8220;\u0623\u0646\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633 \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648 \u0646\u0627\u062c\u064a&#8221;\u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0641\u0627\u0632 &#8220;\u0641\u064a\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0623\u0648\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0646&#8221; \u0628\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0651\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0644 2022 \u0628\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0645\u0632\u064a\u062c \u0645\u0646 <\/span><a rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2022\/04\/06\/opinion\/viktor-orban-hungary-election.html\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0631\u0651\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u064e\u0628\u0631\u0629<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">: \u062a\u062e\u0648\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062e\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0623\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0651\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0647\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0634 \u0623\u062d\u0632\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0636\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0648\u0627\u0626\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u064a\u0651\u0632\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u063a\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0623\u062e\u0648\u0630\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0632\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0623\u0634\u0647\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a.<\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0651\u064f\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u062a\u064a\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062d\u0634\u0648 \u0635\u0646\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u0648\u062d\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0636\u062f\u0651 \u0623\u0646\u0635\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0636\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0627 \u0642\u062f\u0651\u0645\u062a\u0647 \u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 &#8220;\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0631\u062a \u0645\u0648\u063a\u0627\u0628\u064a&#8221; \u0641\u064a \u0632\u064a\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0628\u0648\u064a. \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2008\u060c \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0641 \u0648\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u062d\u0632\u0628 &#8220;\u0645\u0648\u063a\u0627\u0628\u064a&#8221;\u060c \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0641\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0637\u064a\u0639\u0648\u0646 <\/span><a rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2008\/jul\/04\/zimbabwe1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u062d\u0634\u0648 \u0635\u0646\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0639<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u0628\u0623\u0635\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0651\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0632 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0651\u0629. \u0623\u0639\u0642\u0628 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0642\u0645\u0639\u064c \u0639\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u0648\u0648\u062d\u0634\u064a\u0651 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0636\u0629 \u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0632&#8221; \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0623\u062b\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0643\u062a\u064a\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0646\u0629\u064b \u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629. \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u062a\u0628\u0646\u0649 &#8220;\u0645\u0648\u063a\u0627\u0628\u064a&#8221; \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0633\u0628\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2013 \u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629\u064b \u0645\u0646 <\/span><a rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.csmonitor.com\/World\/Africa\/Africa-Monitor\/2013\/1115\/Zimbabwe-Mr.-Mugabe-s-seven-steps-to-successful-election-rigging\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u0644\u0647\u0632\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0625\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u063a\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0647. \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0651\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0641\u064a\u0651\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0628 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0646\u062a\u0628\u0647\u0648\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062b\u0647\u0627.<\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\"><b>\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0633 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u062a\u064a\u0643\u0627\u062a:<\/b><\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\" style=\"padding-right: 40px\"><b><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">&#8211; <\/span>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0651\u064f\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a<\/i><\/b><b>.<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u00a0 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0646\u063a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0633\u0631\u0639\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0634\u0623\u062a \u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 &#8220;\u0641\u064a\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0623\u0648\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0646&#8221; \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 &#8220;\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u064b\u0627&#8221; \u0644\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0651\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0641\u0631\u0636 \u0639\u0642\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0634\u062f\u0651\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0642\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u0627\u0642\u062f\u0629. \u0641\u064a \u0635\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0630\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u063a\u0627\u0631\u0634\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062d\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0635\u0635 \u0645\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0650\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0645\u062d\u0637\u0651\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0644\u0641\u0632\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/gijn.org\/2021\/05\/31\/smear-campaigns-oligarch-media-and-street-gangs-serbias-embattled-investigative-media-are-a-warning-to-the-world\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u062d\u0638\u064a\u062a \u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0645\u0646\u062d\u064d \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0637\u0651\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0631\u062f\u0651\u062f \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0644\u0647 \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0628\u0644\u0627 \u0647\u0648\u0627\u062f\u0629.\u00a0 <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u0646\u0635\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0637 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400\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0651\u0627\u062a<\/span><\/i><\/a><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0651\u0647\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0650\u0633\u0629<\/span><\/i><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">&#8220;\u060c \u0648\u0636\u0627\u0639\u0650\u0641 \u0645\u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f\u0643<\/span><\/i><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644\u064a.<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\" style=\"padding-right: 40px\"><b><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">&#8211; <\/span>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u0635\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0641 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400\">\u062f\u0648\u064a\u062a\u0634\u064a\u0646\u0648\u0641\u064a\u062a\u0634&#8221;<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0631 KRIK <\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u00a0\u0625\u0646 &#8220;\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0651\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f&#8221; \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0643\u0633\u0629: \u064a\u062c\u0645\u0651\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u0648\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u064a\u0637\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0651\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0635\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0651\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0639 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\u0627\u0644\u0634\u062c\u0639\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 <\/span><\/i><a rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.slidstvo.info\/\"><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Slidstvo.info<\/span><\/i><\/a><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0634\u064a\u0621\u064c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0641\u0639\u0644\u0647. \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0651\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0648\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0651\u0648\u0631.<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\" style=\"padding-right: 40px\"><b><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">&#8211; <\/span>\u0645\u0644\u0621\u00a0 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0629&#8221; \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0651\u064e\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0628\u064a\u064a\u0646. \u0641\u064a <\/i><\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u00a0\u0639\u0627\u0645 2013\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0632\u064a\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0628\u0648\u064a \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0632\u0627\u0646\u0648 &#8211; \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0628\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0645.\u00a0 <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u0646\u0635\u064a\u062d\u0629: \u062a\u062d\u0642\u0651\u0642\u0652 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0645\u062f\u0651\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0644\u0651\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0628 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 <\/span><\/i><a rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.idea.int\/data-tools\/data\/electoral-management-design\"><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647<\/span><\/i><\/a><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">.<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\" style=\"padding-right: 40px\"><b><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">&#8211; <\/span>\u0627\u0633\u062a\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0635\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u063a\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0651\u064a\u0621 \u0630\u0627\u062a\u0647. <\/i><\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u00a0\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0628\u0639 &#8220;\u062a\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0651\u0629&#8221; \u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0648\u0651\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0651\u064e\u062d\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 &#8220;<\/span><a rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/thegroundtruthproject.org\/democracy-undone-signs-of-authoritarianism\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u062a\u0641\u0643\u0651\u064f\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">&#8221; \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0623\u0639\u062f\u0651\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0651\u062d\u0641\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a <\/span><a rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/thegroundtruthproject.org\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">GroundTruth<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">. \u0644\u0642\u062f \u0646\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u062a\u064a\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0632\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0631 \u0648\u0628\u0648\u0644\u0646\u062f\u0627 \u0648\u0643\u0648\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0625\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 &#8211; \u0648\u0643\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0636\u062e\u064a\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0624\u064a\u062f\u0648\u0647\u0645 \u0643\u0623\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a.\u00a0<\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u0646\u0635\u064a\u062d\u0629: \u0633\u0644\u0651\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0651\u0648\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0648\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0651\u064f\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0644\u0642\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0651\u0648\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0645\u0645\u062b\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0632\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628.<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\" style=\"padding-right: 40px\"><b><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">&#8211; <\/span>\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0646 \u0648\u0642\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0624\u0627\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0641\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0636\u062e\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0651\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629. <\/i><\/b><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u00a0\u0646\u0635\u064a\u062d\u0629: \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0634\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0643\u0648\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0633\u0646\u0629 2020\u060c \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0651\u062d\u0641\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0629 \u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0651 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d \u0648\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0651: &#8220;\u0633\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0646\u0652 \u064a\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0642\u0646\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0651\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u0643\u0644 \u062e\u0637\u0623 \u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0647\u0648 \u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645\u064d \u0645\u0632\u0648\u0651\u064e\u0631. \u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0623\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0621\u064c 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