{"id":384545,"date":"2021-09-21T13:28:22","date_gmt":"2021-09-21T17:28:22","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/gijn.org\/?p=384545"},"modified":"2025-07-15T05:47:53","modified_gmt":"2025-07-15T09:47:53","slug":"%d8%af%d9%84%d9%8a%d9%84-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b5%d8%ad%d9%81%d9%8a-%d9%84%d8%aa%d8%ac%d9%86%d8%a8-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%af%d8%b9%d8%a7%d9%88%d9%89-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%82%d8%b6%d8%a7%d8%a6%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d9%88%d8%ba","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/gijn.org\/ar\/%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d9%88%d8%a7%d8%b1%d8%af\/%d8%af%d9%84%d9%8a%d9%84-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b5%d8%ad%d9%81%d9%8a-%d9%84%d8%aa%d8%ac%d9%86%d8%a8-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%af%d8%b9%d8%a7%d9%88%d9%89-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%82%d8%b6%d8%a7%d8%a6%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d9%88%d8%ba\/","title":{"rendered":"\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0641\u064a \u0644\u062a\u062c\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 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style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0634\u0647\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d\u064c \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064c\u0651 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0651 <\/span><a rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/issuu.com\/internationalpressinstitute\/docs\/foe-medialaw-defamation_eng\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u064a\u064f\u0641\u0633\u064e\u0651\u0631 \u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u064b\u0627 <\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0623\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0643\u0627\u0630\u0628\u0629 \u062a\u0644\u062d\u0642 \u0636\u0631\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u0630\u0649 \u0628\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u062c\u0647 \u062d\u0642 \u0644\u0633\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a. \u0628\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628 <\/span><a rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/treaties.un.org\/doc\/publication\/unts\/volume%20999\/volume-999-i-14668-english.pdf\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u060c<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0634\u0647\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0651\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646&#8221;\u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0645\u0627\u062a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629&#8221; \u0639\u0644\u0649 &#8220;\u0634\u0631\u0641 \u0648\u0633\u0645\u0639\u0629&#8221; \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0651\u062e\u0635.<\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\" style=\"text-align: right\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u062a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0634\u0647\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645\u064d \u0642\u0636\u0627\u0626\u064a. \u0648\u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0651\u0628\u0628\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 <\/span><a rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.mediadefence.org\/resources\/defending-the-media-in-defamation-cases-factsheet\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0631\u0641\u0639 \u062f\u0639\u0648\u0649 \u062a\u0634\u0647\u064a\u0631<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u062a\u0642\u062a\u0636\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u0651\u064a\u0651\u0629.<\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\" style=\"text-align: right\"><b>\u0646\u0635\u0627\u0626\u062d \u0644\u062a\u062c\u0646\u064f\u0651\u0628 \/ \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0634\u0647\u064a\u0631<\/b><\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\" style=\"text-align: right\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0641\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062d\u062f\u0651\u0648\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 <\/span><a rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/inforrm.org\/2013\/11\/26\/how-to-avoid-defamation-steven-price\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u0646\u0635\u0627\u0626\u062d \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u0645\u0646 \u0634\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u0651\u0644 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062b\u0628\u062a \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0634\u0647\u064a\u0631:<\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\" style=\"text-align: right\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">&#8211;\u00a0<a rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.dmlp.org\/legal-guide\/practical-tips-avoiding-liability-associated-harms-reputation\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0645 \u0628\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0635\u062d\u0641\u064a\u0651\u0629<\/a><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u062c\u064a\u062f\u0629<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">. \u0643\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u064a\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0646\u0634\u0631\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0652 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a\u0650\u0643 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0650\u0631\u0643 \u0628\u0639\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0633\u062c\u0651\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u062f\u062b\u0627\u062a \u2013 \u0628\u0623\u062e\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u0629 &#8211; \u0643\u0644\u0651\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0645\u0643\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u064e\u0635\u064f\u063a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0635\u0631\u064a\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629\u064d \u062a\u0648\u062d\u064a \u0628\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0646\u064d \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u0635\u062f\u064f\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0645\u0644\u0643 \u0623\u062f\u0644\u0651\u0629\u064b \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627. \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u064e\u062e\u062a\u064e\u0631\u0652 \u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a\u0650 \u0636\u064a\u0641\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0644\u062e\u0651\u0635\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u064f\u0639\u0650\u062f\u0652 \u0635\u064a\u0627\u063a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644\u064d \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0651\u060c \u062b\u0645\u0651 \u062a\u064f\u0628\u0642\u0650\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0633. \u0634\u0627\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0646 <\/span><a rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.dmlp.org\/legal-guide\/recording-phone-calls-and-conversations\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u062a\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u062a\u0641\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u062f\u062b\u0627\u062a<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u00a0 \u0648<\/span><a rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.dmlp.org\/legal-guide\/journalism-skills-and-principles\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0651\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626\u0647\u0627<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0637\u0651\u0644\u0627\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062a\u064d \u0645\u0641\u064a\u062f\u0629.<\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\" style=\"text-align: right\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">&#8211;\u00a0\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0628\u0647 \u0644\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0644\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u0652 \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0643 \u0625\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a\u0647. \u062a\u062d\u0643\u064e\u0651\u0645\u0652 \u0628\u062f\u0642\u0651\u0629\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062a\u062c\u0646\u0651\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0645\u0648\u0636.<\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\" style=\"text-align: right\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">&#8211;\u00a0\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0641\u0638 \u0628\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a\u064d \u0639\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b\u0643 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f\u0627\u062a. \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0646\u062a \u0633\u062a\u062f\u0644\u064a \u0628\u062a\u0635\u0631\u064a\u062d\u064d \u0642\u062f \u064a\u062c\u0631\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629\u064d \u0623\u0648 \u0641\u0631\u062f\u060c \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0627 \u0642\u0644\u062a\u0647 \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d\u064c \u0648\u0645\u0633\u062a\u064e\u0646\u0650\u062f\u064c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0642\u060c \u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 <\/span><a rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/protecttheprotest.org\/resource\/best-practices-for-advocates-and-campaigners-to-avoid-publication-liability-2018\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u0627\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0644\u0651\u0629 \u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0645\u0643\u0646\u064b\u0627<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">.<\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\" style=\"text-align: right\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">&#8211;\u00a0\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u062d\u0641\u0638 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062c\u0644\u0651\u0627\u062a \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0651\u0648\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0648\u060c \u0641\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0635\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0629.<\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\" style=\"text-align: right\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">&#8211;\u00a0\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642\u0652 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a\u0643 \u0648\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u0652 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u0629. \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0636 \u062a\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064d \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d.<\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\" style=\"text-align: right\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">&#8211;\u00a0\u062a\u0630\u0643\u0651\u0631 \u0623\u0646\u0651\u0647 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0643 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u062d\u0645\u0651\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629\u064e \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u0650 \u0646\u0634\u0631\u0650 \u062a\u0635\u0631\u064a\u062d\u064d \u062a\u0634\u0647\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0651. \u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u0635\u0631\u0651\u0641 \u0628\u062d\u0630\u0631 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0631\u0651\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0651\u0639\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a. \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0644\u0648 \u0642\u0645\u062a \u0628\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0628\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u0650 \u0646\u0634\u0631\u0650 \u062a\u063a\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629\u064d \u062a\u0634\u0647\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f 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\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0651\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u063a\u0637\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0641\u0651\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u060c \u0648 \u0641\u0643\u0651\u0631 <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/gijn.org\/media-liability-insurance\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0639\u0648\u064a\u0636\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u0643 &#8211; \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629\u064b \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0646\u062a \u0635\u062d\u0641\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u064b.<\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\" style=\"text-align: right\"><b>\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 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href=\"https:\/\/gijn.org\/resource\/digital-security\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u064f\u0651 <\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631\u064c \u0642\u0644\u0642 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0651 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u0651\u062d\u0641\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0651\u064a\u0646. \u0648\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 &#8220;<\/span><a rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/whistleblowingnetwork.org\/WIN\/media\/pdfs\/Journalism-Sources-INT-Blueprint-2018-Perugia-Principles-for-Journalists.pdf\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u0651\u062d\u0641\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0644\u0650\u0651\u063a\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0631 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\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0643. \u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639 \u0639\u0646 \u0633\u0631\u0651\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u0648\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0639\u0646\u0647\u0627.<\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\" style=\"text-align: right\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">&#8211;\u00a0\u0648\u0641\u0651\u0631 \u0637\u0631\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0622\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0651\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0651\u0644&#8221; \u0645\u0639\u0643.<\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\" style=\"text-align: right\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">&#8211;\u00a0\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0644\u0650\u0651\u063a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064f\u0651\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0651\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0643 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0642\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a\u064d \u0645\u062c\u0647\u0648\u0644\u0629\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0648\u0645\u0634\u0641\u0651\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0643\u0644\u064d\u0651 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627.<\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\" style=\"text-align: right\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">&#8211;\u00a0\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0641\u0652 \u0628\u062a\u064e\u0628\u0650\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0644\u0627\u063a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0644\u0650\u0651\u063a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0634\u0631\u062d\u0652 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064f\u0651\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631\u0643 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0644\u0651\u063a\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a.<\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\" style=\"text-align: right\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">&#8211;\u00a0\u062a\u062d\u0645\u0651\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0651\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0634\u0641\u064a\u0631.<\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\" style=\"text-align: right\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">&#8211;\u00a0\u062d\u062f\u0651\u062f\u0652 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0647\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0643 \u0648\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631\u0643\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u0651\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u062e\u0630\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0644\u064d\u0651 \u0645\u0646\u0643\u0645\u0627.<\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\" style=\"text-align: right\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">&#8211;\u00a0\u0627\u0646\u0634\u0631\u0652 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062b\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0648\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0645\u0643\u0646\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0622\u0645\u0646\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0623\u0647\u0645\u0651\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0635.<\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\" style=\"text-align: right\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">&#8211;\u00a0\u0627\u062d\u0630\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0642\u062f\u0651\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644\u064d \u0622\u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0637\u0644\u0628\u064f \u0645\u0646\u0643 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0651\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0651\u0641\u0642 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0635\u0627\u062d\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644.<\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\" style=\"text-align: right\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">&#8211;\u00a0\u0627\u062d\u0631\u0635 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0651\u0631 \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a\u064f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u062e\u0632\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0651\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0651\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0644\u0651\u063a\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649\u064b \u062c\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0651\u0631 \u062a\u062c\u0647\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0629.<\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\" style=\"text-align: right\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">&#8211;\u00a0\u0627\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0651\u0631\u0651\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0644\u0650\u0651\u063a\u064a\u0646.<\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\" style=\"text-align: right\"><a rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.dmlp.org\/legal-guide\/practical-tips-protecting-your-sources-and-source-material\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u0635\u062d \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a:<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">&#8211; \u0643\u0646 \u062d\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u062f\u064f \u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0643 \u0628\u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0651\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629: \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0639\u062f\u064f \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0651\u0631\u0651\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0643 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u0641\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0643 \u0648\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0643 \u0623\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u062f\u064e \u0628\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0628\u0627\u062a<\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\" style=\"text-align: right\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">&#8211;\u00a0\u0627\u0628\u062d\u062b\u0652 \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0643 \u0625\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0642\u0651\u0643 \u0641\u064a &#8220;\u0633\u0631\u0651\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0651\u062d\u0641\u064a&#8221; (\u062d\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0651\u062d\u0641\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0651\u0641\u0636 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0641\u0635\u0627\u062d \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0647) \u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629\u0650 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0643 \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a\u0643 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0629: \u062a\u0648\u0641\u064f\u0651\u0631\u064f \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629\u064e \u0644\u0640 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0641\u064a\u064a\u0646&#8221; \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0644\u0642\u0651\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0630\u0643\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0639\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a.<\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\" style=\"text-align: right\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">&#8211;\u00a0\u0641\u0643\u0651\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u0643: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u0643 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0624\u062b\u0651\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u062a\u0643 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0643 \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a\u0650 \u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0628\u0627\u0631.<\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\" style=\"text-align: right\"><b>\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u0639 \u0636\u062d\u064a\u0651\u0629\u064b \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a<\/b><\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\" style=\"text-align: right\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u062d\u062f\u0651\u064a\u0651\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0647\u0627 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\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 &#8220;\u062c\u064a\u0648\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0635\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0646&#8221; \u0644\u0625\u0633\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062a\u0631\u0647\u064a\u0628 \u0648\u062a\u0647\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0648\u062a\u0634\u0648\u064a\u0647 \u0633\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0651\u062d\u0641\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0646\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0651\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629. \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064f\u0651\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0628\u0637\u064a\u0626\u0629\u064c <\/span><a rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/cpj.org\/reports\/2020\/10\/global-impunity-index-journalist-murders\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u0623\u0648 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062c\u064e\u0651\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0645\u0629 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400\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0651\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u0648\u0651\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u00a0 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0631\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u064f\u0643\u0628\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629\u0650 \u0643\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0648\u062a\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a. \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629\u064b \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 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right\"><b>\u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629<\/b><\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\" style=\"text-align: right\"><b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">&#8211; \u00a0<\/span>\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0643\u0627\u062a \u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a<\/b><\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\" style=\"text-align: right\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u064a\u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0644\u0651 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u062a\u062f\u0641\u0651\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0651\u0642 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style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0626\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0651\u0629 \u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0651\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a (GDPR)<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u0648 &#8220;\u062e\u0631\u0642\u064c \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u0651\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064e\u0631\u064e\u0636\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0641\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u0651\u062d \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0652\u0633\u064e\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0632\u064e\u0651\u0646\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645\u0651\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629\u064d \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649&#8221;.<\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\" style=\"text-align: right\"><b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">&#8211;\u00a0<\/span>\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a<\/b><\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\" style=\"text-align: right\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u062a\u0633\u0639\u0649 \u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629 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\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064f\u0651\u0631 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a<\/b><\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\" style=\"text-align: right\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0631\u064f\u0651\u0634 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a\u060c \u062a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u0647\u062c\u0645\u0627\u062a \u062d\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 DDoS \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0643\u0633\u064a\u0646\u063a (\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0651\u0629) <\/span><a rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.mediadefence.org\/resource-hub\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2021\/04\/Media-Defence_Factsheet-Gender-Online-Harassment-1.pdf\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0631\u0651\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0651 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a.<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0645\u0636\u0627\u064a\u064e\u0642\u0629\u064c \u0648\u062a\u0631\u0647\u064a\u0628\u064c \u0644\u0627 \u0645\u0628\u0631\u0631 \u0644\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0651\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u062a\u0641\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u064a\u0650\u0651\u062f \u0628\u0634\u062f\u0651\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u062a\u064f\u0651\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0628\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0651\u0639\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0645\u064e\u0651\u0634\u0629. <\/span><a rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.mediadefence.org\/ereader\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2020\/12\/Module-7-Cybercrimes.pdf\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b <\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u00a0\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0631\u0651\u0634 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u062f\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u0644\u0627 \u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0651\u0639\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0645\u064e\u0651\u0634\u0629<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u0633\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0648\u0646 <\/span><a rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.pewresearch.org\/internet\/2017\/07\/11\/online-harassment-2017\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0627\u064b \u062c\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0631\u0651\u0634 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a \u0628\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0651\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062c\u0627\u0644.<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u0648\u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u062a\u0651\u062c\u0627\u0647\u064c \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0631\u064f\u0651\u0634 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a \u064a\u0646\u0637\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0633\u0645\u0651\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064f\u0651\u0631 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0625\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644 \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u062d\u0627\u0642\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u062e\u0648\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0647\u062f\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a.<\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\" style=\"text-align: right\"><b>\u0646\u0635\u0627\u0626\u062d \u0644\u062a\u062c\u0646\u064f\u0651\u0628 \/ \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629<\/b><\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\" style=\"text-align: right\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u0642\u062f\u0651\u0645\u062a \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0651\u0645\u0629 Media Defence \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0627\u062a\u064d \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0641\u064a\u0651\u0627\u062a \u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a:<\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\" style=\"text-align: right\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">&#8211;\u00a0\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0628\u0647\u064a \u0644\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0627\u063a\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u060c \u0644\u0643\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0647\u062c\u0645\u0627\u062a\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0635\u064a\u0650\u0651\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0651\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0651\u0646\u0629.<\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\" style=\"text-align: right\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">&#8211;\u00a0\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0646\u0634\u0631\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0643 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0648\u0642\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0651 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a. \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0634\u0641\u064a \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0643\u0646\u062a\u0650 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u063a\u0627\u062f\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0623\u0648 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0646\u062a\u0647\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631\u0643.<\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\" style=\"text-align: right\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">&#8211;\u00a0\u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0647\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0637\u0644\u0639\u064a \u0632\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0643 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u062d\u0631\u0651\u0631\u0643 \u0623\u0648 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0643 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0647\u0645 \u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a\u064d \u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0643.<\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\" style=\"text-align: right\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">&#8211;\u00a0\u0623\u0639\u0637\u0650 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0643 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629\u064b \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0645\u0631\u0651\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0647. \u062a\u062d\u062f\u0651\u062b\u064a \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u062f\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0651\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0639 \u0634\u062e\u0635\u064d \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0651 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0643.<\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\" style=\"text-align: right\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">&#8211;\u00a0\u0641\u0643\u0651\u0631\u064a \u0628\u0625\u0628\u0644\u0627\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0644\u0642\u0651\u064a\u062a \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0647\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0648\u0645\u060c \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0625\u0646\u0652 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0643\u064f \u0628\u0648\u0636\u0648\u062d \u0634\u0631\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u062f\u0648\u0651\u0646\u0629 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0651\u0644\u0648\u0643.<\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\" style=\"text-align: right\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">&#8211;\u00a0\u0634\u062c\u0651\u0639\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0651\u0645\u062a\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0643\u0648\u0644 \u0644\u062a\u062b\u0642\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0638\u0651\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0631\u064f\u0651\u0634 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0635\u062f\u0651\u064a \u0644\u0647.<\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\" style=\"text-align: right\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">&#8211;\u00a0\u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0637\u0651\u0644\u0639\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0646 <\/span><a rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.iwmf.org\/resources\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">IWMF<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u00a0 \u0648\u00a0 <\/span><a rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.troll-busters.com\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">TrollBusters<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">.<\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\" style=\"text-align: right\"><a rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.mediadefence.org\/ereader\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2020\/12\/Module-7-Cybercrimes.pdf\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0651\u0645\u0629 Media Defence<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u0628\u0627\u062a\u0651\u0628\u0627\u0639 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0651\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u0629:<\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\" style=\"text-align: right\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">&#8211;\u00a0\u00a0\u0633\u062c\u0651\u0644\u064a (\u0648\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0641\u0638\u064a \u0628\u0646\u0633\u062e) \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a\u060c \u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0645\u0629. \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064e \u0646\u0634\u0631\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0648\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0646\u0634\u0631\u0647 \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0652 \u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0646\u0634\u0631\u0647. \u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0634\u0629 \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0644\u0629\u064c \u0645\u0641\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642.<\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\" style=\"text-align: right\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">&#8211;\u00a0\u0627\u0637\u0644\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629.<\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\" style=\"text-align: right\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">&#8211;\u00a0\u0642\u062f\u0651\u0645\u064a \u0628\u0644\u0627\u063a\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0651\u0631\u0637\u0629. \u062d\u062a\u0651\u0649 \u0644\u0648 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0643\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0644\u0643 \u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u064e\u0651\u062f \u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0651\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0644\u062f\u0643\u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f \u062a\u064f\u0643\u064a\u0651\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a.<\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\" style=\"text-align: right\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">&#8211;\u00a0\u0642\u062f\u0651\u0645\u064a <\/span><a rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.sowetanlive.co.za\/s-mag\/2020-06-29-what-to-do-if-youre-a-victim-of-revenge-porn-image-based-abuse\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u0628\u0644\u0627\u063a\u064b\u0627<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0646\u064f\u0634\u0650\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649. \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u064a\u062f \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u064f\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u063a \u0646\u0633\u062e\u0629\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0644\u0627\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0651\u0631\u0637\u0629.<\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\" style=\"text-align: right\"><b>\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0633\u064f\u0651\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629<\/b><\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\" style=\"text-align: right\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u064a\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0651\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0651\u062d\u0641\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644\u064d \u0645\u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f <\/span><a rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.international.gc.ca\/campaign-campagne\/assets\/pdfs\/media_freedom-liberte_presse-2020\/policy_paper-documents_orientation-journalists-journalistes-en.pdf\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u0644\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0651\u0635\u062f<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0648\u062c\u064e\u0651\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0651\u0627\u0631\u0629 (malware) \u0648\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u062c\u0633\u064f\u0651\u0633 (\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0631\u0623\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0636\u064a\u062d\u0629\u00a0 <\/span><a rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/forbiddenstories.org\/pegasus-the-new-global-weapon-for-silencing-journalists\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u0628\u064a\u063a\u0627\u0633\u0648\u0633<\/span><\/a> <span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0629) \u0648\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064f\u0651\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0648\u0647 \u0648\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a. \u0648\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0635\u062f \u0643\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a\u0650 \u0644\u062a\u0631\u0647\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0651\u062d\u0641\u064a\u064a\u0646 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right\"><b>\u0646\u0635\u0627\u0626\u062d \u0644\u062a\u062c\u0646\u064f\u0651\u0628 \/ \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629<\/b><\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\" style=\"text-align: right\"><b>\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629<\/b><\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_380768\" style=\"width: 150px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><a href=\"https:\/\/gijn.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/shutterstock_1422556274-140x140-1.jpeg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-380768\" class=\"wp-image-380768 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/gijn.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/shutterstock_1422556274-140x140-1.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"140\" height=\"140\" srcset=\"https:\/\/gijn.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/shutterstock_1422556274-140x140-1.jpeg 140w, https:\/\/gijn.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/shutterstock_1422556274-140x140-1-60x60.jpeg 60w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 140px) 100vw, 140px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-380768\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 : Shutterstock<\/p><\/div>\n<p dir=\"rtl\" style=\"text-align: right\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u0644\u062e\u0651\u0635\u062a \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0651\u0645\u0629 Media Defence <\/span><a rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/privacyinternational.org\/sites\/default\/files\/2018-08\/2018.01.17%20Government%20Hacking%20and%20Surveillance.pdf\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">10 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0645\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642\u064d \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0651\u0645\u0629 Privacy International \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064f\u0651 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u0627\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0641\u0651\u0630\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a. \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0651\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u064a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u062c\u0646\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0646\u0628 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0633\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0651 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644\u064d \u0643\u0627\u0641\u064d \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0651\u0642\u0645\u064a. \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0651\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 <\/span><a rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.article19.org\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Article 19<\/span><\/a> <span style=\"font-weight: 400\">&#8220;<\/span><a rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.article19.org\/data\/files\/medialibrary\/38657\/Expression-and-Privacy-Principles-1.pdf\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0651\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0651\u0629&#8221;.<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\" style=\"text-align: right\"><b>\u0646\u0635\u0627\u0626\u062d \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0651\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0651<\/b><\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\" style=\"text-align: right\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0641\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0651\u0636\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u062e\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0651\u0628\u0639\u0648\u0627 <\/span><a rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.mediadefence.org\/resource-hub\/resources\/spyware-digital-surveillance-factsheet\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u0648\u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0646\u0641\u0651\u0630\u0648\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0643\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0645\u0646 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\u0628\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0628 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0641\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0624\u0645\u064e\u0651\u0646\u0629. \u0627\u062d\u0630\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u064a\u0651 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0643\u0648\u0644 &#8220;https:\/\/&#8221; \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0645\u0646. 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right\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">&#8211;\u00a0\u0643\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064d \u0628\u0647\u062c\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u064a\u064f\u0651\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0645\u0635\u0645\u064e\u0651\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0648\u0643\u0623\u0646\u0651\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0652 \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631\u064d \u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0651\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u062e\u062f\u0627\u0639\u0643 \u0644\u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0651\u0627\u0631\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0642\u062f \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0625\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a WhatsApp 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\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a<\/span><a rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.protectioninternational.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/04\/Protection-Manual-3rd-Edition.pdf\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644\u064d \u062f\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0651\u060c<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0625\u0630\u0627\u0637\u0631\u0623\u062a \u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646\u064a. \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0651 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0645\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644\u060c \u064a\u0648\u0635\u064a <\/span><a rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/rsf.org\/sites\/default\/files\/2015-rsf-safety-guide-for-journalists.pdf\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064f \u0633\u0651\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0651\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0639\u0646 &#8220;\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0644\u0627 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">&#8220;<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0641\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a:<\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\" style=\"text-align: right\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">&#8211;\u00a0\u0642\u0644\u064e\u0651\u0644\u0652 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064e \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0634\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0636\u0639\u0641\u0643. \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0651\u0639\u0641 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\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u062a\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0642\u0644\u064d \u0622\u0645\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a \u062c\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0648\u0641\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643.<\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\" style=\"text-align: right\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u064a\u0642\u062a\u0631\u062d <\/span><a rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.media.ba\/sites\/default\/files\/manual_safety_of_journalists_seemo_english.pdf\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 SEEMO<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u00a0 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a:<\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\" style=\"text-align: right\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">&#8211;\u00a0\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0646\u062a \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0651\u0636 \u0644\u0636\u063a\u0648\u0637 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u062a\u0647\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0627\u062a \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0643 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0639\u0644\u0646\u064b\u0627\u060c \u062a\u062d\u062f\u0651\u062b \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u062d\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0651\u062d\u0641\u064a\u0651\u0629.<\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\" style=\"text-align: right\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">&#8211;\u00a0\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0641\u0638 \u0628\u0623\u064a \u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0651\u063a\u0637 (\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 SMS \u0623\u0648 \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u062b\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0648\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0637\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0651\u0648\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0648) \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0622\u0645\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0644\u0651\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0646\u0652 \u062a\u062b\u0642\u064f \u0628\u0647\u0645.<\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\" style=\"text-align: right\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">&#8211;\u00a0\u0641\u064a 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\u0628\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0651 \u0636\u062f\u0651 \u0635\u062d\u0641\u064a\u064d\u0651 \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0623\u0633\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0639\u0646\u0647.<\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\" style=\"text-align: right\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">&#8211;\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0636\u0627\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0651\u062d\u0641\u064a\u0651 \u0644\u0647 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0642\u0635\u0648\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a. \u0648\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0644\u0627\u063a \u0639\u0646 \u0643\u0644 \u062a\u0647\u062f\u064a\u062f \u062e\u0637\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u062f\u0646\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u0648\u0644\u064a.<\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\" style=\"text-align: right\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0639\u062f\u0651\u062a \u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0641\u064a\u064a\u0646 <\/span><a rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/cpj.org\/2021\/02\/physical-and-digital-safety-arrest-and-detention\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0651\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0651\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u00a0 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u0651\u062d\u0641\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0648\u0646 \u062e\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0632:<\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\" style=\"text-align: right\"><b>\u0646\u0635\u0627\u0626\u062d 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400\">&#8211;\u00a0\u0627\u0628\u062d\u062b\u0652 \u0648\u0627\u0641\u0647\u0645\u0652 \u0645\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0643\u0635\u062d\u0641\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0651\u062d\u0641\u064a\u0651. \u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641: \u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u064f\u0642\u0628\u064e\u0636 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0643 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628\u0647. \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0651\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0644\u0650 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0651\u062d\u0641\u064a\u064a\u0646 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\u0633\u062a\u062a\u0645\u0643\u0651\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0646.<\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\" style=\"text-align: right\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a\u060c \u064a\u0631\u062c\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0637\u0651\u0644\u0627\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0645\u0627\u0630\u062c <\/span><a rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/cpj.org\/2018\/09\/basic-preparedness-risk-assessment\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0641\u064a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0633\u064e\u0651\u0645\u0629 \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629.<\/span><\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_380769\" style=\"width: 346px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/gijn.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/shutterstock_2008880804-336x224-1.jpeg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-380769\" class=\"wp-image-380769 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/gijn.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/shutterstock_2008880804-336x224-1.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"336\" height=\"224\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-380769\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 : Shutterstock<\/p><\/div>\n<p dir=\"rtl\" style=\"text-align: right\"><b>\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u062a\u0645\u0651 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0632\u0643\/\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0643:<\/b><\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\" style=\"text-align: right\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">&#8211;\u00a0\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0643\u060c \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0636\u0627\u0628\u0637 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\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u062a\u0647\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0642\u0633\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064f\u0651\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0633\u0647\u0648\u0644\u0629.<\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\" style=\"text-align: right\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">&#8211;\u00a0\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0628\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0651\u0629 \u0645\u0645\u0651\u0646 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0634\u0647\u0648\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0643.<\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\" style=\"text-align: right\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">&#8211;\u00a0\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0651\u0636\u062a \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0650\u0628\u0644 \u0623\u064a\u0651 \u0636\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0634\u0631\u0637\u0629\u060c \u0627\u062d\u0631\u0635\u0652 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642 \u0625\u0635\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a\u0643\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0651\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0644\u0642\u0651\u064a\u062a\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0623\u064a\u0651 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0641\u0649. \u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u062a\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0651\u0646 \u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0623\u0648\u0635\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0646.<\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\" style=\"text-align: right\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0652 <\/span><a rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/cpj.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/04\/assessment_form.pdf\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0641\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0645\u0651\u0629<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0641\u064a\u0629<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u0645\u0646 \u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0641\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0648 <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/gijn.org\/resource\/what-to-do-when-authorities-raid-your-home\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 GIJN <\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u062f\u0627\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0646\u0632\u0644\u0643 (\u064a\u0631\u0643\u0651\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627).<\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\" style=\"text-align: right\"><b>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0630\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627\u063a\u0646\u062f\u0627<\/b><\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\" style=\"text-align: right\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062a &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627\u063a\u0646\u062f\u0627&#8221; \u0648&#8221;\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0626\u0629&#8221; \u0648&#8221;\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u0651\u0641\u0629&#8221; \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649. \u062a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629\u064d \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0633\u0628\u0651\u0628 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0651\u0631\u0631\u060c \u0639\u0645\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0623\u060c \u0648\u064a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0642\u0636\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0651\u0646\u0629.<\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\" style=\"text-align: right\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0632 <\/span><a rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.coe.int\/en\/web\/campaign-free-to-speak-safe-to-learn\/dealing-with-propaganda-misinformation-and-fake-news#4\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0632\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u062f\u0631\u062c \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629:<\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\" style=\"text-align: right\"><b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">&#8211;\u00a0<\/span>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0626\u0629 (Misinformation):<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u062e\u0627\u0637\u0626\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u0634\u0623 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u064f\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0623 \u0623\u0648 \u0639\u0646 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0642\u0635\u062f.<\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\" style=\"text-align: right\"><b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">&#8211;\u00a0<\/span>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0636\u0644\u0650\u0651\u0644\u0629 (Disinformation)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">: \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u062e\u0627\u0637\u0626\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u0634\u0623 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u064f\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0639\u0645\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0651\u0623\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0634\u0648\u064a\u0634 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629.<\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\" style=\"text-align: right\"><b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">&#8211;\u00a0<\/span>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u063a\u0631\u0650\u0636\u0629 (Mal-information)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">: \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u062a\u064f\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064e\u0643 \u0639\u0645\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u063a\u0631\u0636 \u0625\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0651\u0631\u0631.<\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\" style=\"text-align: right\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u0648\u064a\u0639\u0631\u0651\u0641 <\/span><a rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.europarl.europa.eu\/RegData\/etudes\/STUD\/2019\/608864\/IPOL_STU(2019)608864_EN.pdf\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627\u063a\u0646\u062f\u0627:<\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\" style=\"text-align: right\"><b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">&#8211;\u00a0<\/span>\u0645\u064f\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0650\u0628\u00a0 \u0628\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u062a\u0647<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">: \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0645\u0635\u0645\u0651\u0645 \u0644\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0630\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0639\u064e\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0636\u0644\u0650\u0651\u0644\u0627\u064b (\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0636\u0644\u0650\u0651\u0644\u0629) \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0642\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064d \u063a\u064a\u0631\u0650 \u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0651\u0629 (\u062f\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0629).<\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\" style=\"text-align: right\"><b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">&#8211;\u00a0<\/span>\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u062f<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">: \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u064a\u062a\u0642\u0635\u0651\u062f\u064f \u062e\u0644\u0642\u064e \u0625\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064d \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0642\u0644\u0642\u064f\u0644\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0651\u0641\u0648\u0641\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0636 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0642\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0651\u0629.<\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\" style=\"text-align: right\"><b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">&#8211;\u00a0<\/span>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0651\u0629<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u064c \u0628\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u064a\u0647\u0645\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0651\u0629.<\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\" style=\"text-align: right\"><b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">&#8211;\u00a0<\/span>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u0634\u0631<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">: \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u064f \u0641\u064a \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a \u0644\u062a\u0636\u062e\u064a\u0645 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0651\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629.<\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\" style=\"text-align: right\"><b>\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0651\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0644\u0650\u0651\u0644\u0629 \/ \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627\u063a\u0646\u062f\u0627<\/b><\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\" style=\"text-align: right\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0645\u0651\u0649 \u0628\u0640&#8221;\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u0641\u0629&#8221; \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629\u064b \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0651\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0633\u0628\u062a \u0623\u0647\u0645\u0651\u064a\u0629\u064b \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u064f\u0651\u0631 \u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064d \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0651\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0651\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0651\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a. \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u064f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0651\u0648\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0637\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0648 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0651\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a \u064a\u062a\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u063a\u0636\u0648\u0646 \u0633\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u062b\u064a\u0631<\/span><a rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.mediadefence.org\/resource-hub\/resources\/reporting-at-protests-factsheet\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u0645\u062e\u0627\u0648\u0641 \u0623\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627.<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0651\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0651\u062d\u0641\u064a\u0651\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u062f\u0651 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0651\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0642\u062a\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a.<\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\" style=\"text-align: right\"><b>\u0646\u0635\u0627\u0626\u062d \u0644\u062a\u062c\u0646\u064f\u0651\u0628\/\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631\u00a0 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0626\u0629\/\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0644\u0650\u0651\u0644\u0629<\/b><\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\" style=\"text-align: right\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0641\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0626\u0629\u060c <\/span><a rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/pen.org\/pen-americas-guide-for-combating-protest-disinformation\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a Pen<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> America<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629:<\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\" style=\"text-align: right\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">&#8211;\u00a0\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0636 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u061b \u062a\u062d\u0642\u0651\u0642\u0652 \u0628\u0639\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0644\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0623\u062e\u0648\u0630 \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a. \u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 GIJN <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/gijn.org\/resource\/advanced-guide-on-verifying-video-content\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0651\u0645<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u0623\u0648 <\/span><a rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/firstdraftnews.org\/latest\/a-pocket-guide-on-verifying-details-of-a-video\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u062c\u064a\u0628<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> First Draft \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u062d\u0642\u064f\u0651\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0637\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0648.<\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\" style=\"text-align: right\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">&#8211;\u00a0\u0627\u062d\u0631\u0635\u0652 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064f\u0651\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u064a\u0651 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0623\u062a\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0629\u064c \u0628\u0627\u062d\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062c\u064d \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0651\u0646.<\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\" style=\"text-align: right\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">&#8211;\u00a0\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0633 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062e\u0628\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u0651\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u064f\u0635\u0645\u0651\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0634\u0628\u0647\u064e \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0651\u0627\u062a \u0625\u062e\u0628\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629. \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 <\/span><a rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.politifact.com\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">PolitiFact<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u00a0 \u0628\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0637\u0629 Poynter\u060c \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062a\u0628\u064f\u0651\u0639 \u0644\u062f\u0649 <\/span><a rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.newsguardtech.com\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">NewsGuard\u060c<\/span> <\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u0623\u0648\u00a0 <\/span><a rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.factcheck.org\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Factcheck.org<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">.<\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\" style=\"text-align: right\"><a rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.unesco.org\/sites\/default\/files\/journalism_fake_news_disinformation_print_friendly_0_0.pdf\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u0643\u0648 \u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u0628\u0627\u062a\u0628\u0651\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629:<\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\" style=\"text-align: right\"><b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">&#8211;\u00a0<\/span>\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0651\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641\/\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0651\u062d\u0641\u064a<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">: \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0623\u0639\u062f\u0651 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649\u061f \u0645\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0641\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0641\u0651\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0651\u062d\u0641\u064a\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062e\u0628\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u0642\u0635\u0635 \u0635\u062d\u0641\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064e \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627.<\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\" style=\"text-align: right\"><b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">&#8211;\u00a0<\/span>\u062d\u062f\u0651\u062f\u0652 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">: \u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0630\u0627\u061f \u0627\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0639\u0646 \u062a\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0651\u0623\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0646 (\u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0645\u062f\u0639\u0648\u0645 \u0623\u0645 &#8220;\u0623\u0635\u0644\u064a&#8221;) \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0642\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062e\u0628\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629.<\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\" style=\"text-align: right\"><b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">&#8211;\u00a0<\/span>\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0628\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0651\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u0627\u0639\u0645.<\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\" style=\"text-align: right\"><b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">&#8211;\u00a0<\/span>\u062a\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u0651\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u0651\u064a<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">.<\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\" style=\"text-align: right\"><b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">&#8211;\u00a0<\/span>\u062d\u062f\u0651\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0651\u0639\u0629<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">: \u0645\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f \u063a\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0625\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0643 \u0648\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0651\u0639\u0629\u061f<\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\" style=\"text-align: right\"><b>\u0627\u0644\u0633\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/b><\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\" style=\"text-align: right\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u0627\u0644\u0633\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0636\u0645\u0646\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0623\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 <\/span><a rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.mediadefence.org\/resources\/defending-the-media-in-satire-cases-factsheet\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u062d\u0631\u0651\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0639\u0631\u0651\u0641\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 &#8211; \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0636\u064a\u0651\u0629 &#8220;<\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u0641\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064a\u0646\u064a\u063a\u0648\u0646\u063a \u0628\u064a\u0644\u062f\u0646\u062f\u0631 \u0643\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0644\u0631 \u0636\u062f\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0633\u0627 &#8211; \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0651\u0647\u0627 &#8220;&#8230; \u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u0651\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0628\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0632\u0627\u0632 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062b\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u0627\u064b\u00a0 \u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0634\u0648\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639. \u0648\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0623\u064a\u0651 \u062a\u062f\u062e\u064f\u0651\u0644\u064d \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0642\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a 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href=\"https:\/\/www.rcfp.org\/journals\/the-news-media-and-the-law-fall-2004\/avoiding-libel-satire\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u062d\u062a \u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0641\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0651\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0629<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u0635\u0627\u0626\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u062a\u062c\u0646\u0628 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0636\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0641\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u062a\u0647\u0651\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0647\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0651\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0629.<\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\" style=\"text-align: right\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">&#8211;\u00a0\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0647\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0633\u0648\u0641 \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0651\u0629 \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u062e\u0628\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u064b\u0627.<\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\" style=\"text-align: right\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">&#8211;\u00a0\u062e\u0630\u0652 \u0628\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0651\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0633\u062a\u064f\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0625\u0646\u0652 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0651\u0629 \u0642\u062f \u0646\u0634\u0631\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0651\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0633\u0627\u062e\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0627\u0629\u064b \u0633\u0627\u062e\u0631\u0629.<\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\" style=\"text-align: right\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">&#8211;\u00a0\u062e\u0630\u0652 \u0628\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0625\u0646\u0652 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u062a\u064f\u0637\u0628\u0639 \u0623\u0645 \u0633\u062a\u064f\u0628\u062b\u0651. \u0647\u0644 \u0633\u062a\u064f\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0651\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0635\u062d\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u062f\u0648\u0651\u0646\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0633\u062a\u064f\u0628\u062b\u0651 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0632\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0630\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u062e\u0628\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0645\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a\u061f \u0641\u0643\u0651\u0631 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\u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0633\u064a\u062a\u0644\u0642\u0651\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0651\u0627\u062e\u0631\u0629.<\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\" style=\"text-align: right\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">&#8211;\u00a0\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064d \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0651 \u0633\u0648\u0641 \u064a\u0646\u0628\u0651\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0651\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0651\u0629 \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u062e\u0628\u0631\u0627\u064b \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u064b\u0627.<\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\" style=\"text-align: right\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">&#8211;\u00a0\u062a\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0641\u0638\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u064f\u0635\u062f\u0651\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u062e\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0633\u062e\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0633\u062e\u064a\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u064f\u0635\u062f\u064e\u0651\u0642 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0643\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0645\u0648\u0631 \u0642\u062f \u062a\u064f\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0627 \u062c\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0651\u0629 \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u062d\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\" style=\"text-align: right\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">&#8211;\u00a0\u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0634\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0641\u0643\u0651\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0645.<\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\" style=\"text-align: right\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">&#8211;\u00a0\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0643\u0651\u0631\u0652 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062f\u062b\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644\u064d \u0633\u0627\u062e\u0631. \u0646\u0634\u0652\u0631\u064f \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0627\u0629\u064d \u0633\u0627\u062e\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0648\u0642\u062a\u064d \u0642\u0635\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062f\u062b\u0629\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062f\u062b\u0629 \u062d\u0627\u0636\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0647\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u060c \u064a\u062f\u0644\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0651\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062f\u062b\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0651\u0629.<\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\" style=\"text-align: right\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">&#8211;\u00a0\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0641\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0646\u0635\u0650\u0651 \u0625\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0650 \u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0646 \u064a\u062c\u0646\u0651\u0628\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0651\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629\u060c \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629\u064b \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u064f\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u0635\u0651 \u0628\u062e\u0637\u064d \u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0642\u0635\u0629 \u0633\u0627\u062e\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629\u064b \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0635\u062f\u064a\u0642 \u0644\u0645\u0646 \u0644\u0645 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href=\"https:\/\/cmsimpact.org\/code\/set-principles-fair-use-journalism\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">&#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644&#8221;<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d\u064c \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631\u064f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0645\u064a \u0628\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0651\u0628\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u0634\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0630\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u0633\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u060c \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0651\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0645\u0632\u0627\u064a\u0627 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href=\"https:\/\/protecttheprotest.org\/resource\/best-practices-for-advocates-and-campaigners-to-avoid-publication-liability-2018\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064f\u0636\u0644\u0649<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0631\u0652 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0645\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0641\u064b\u0627. \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0629\u064d \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0648\u0643 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644&#8221; \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0645\u0651\u0649 \u0628\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0651\u0627\u0631\u0639.<\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\" style=\"text-align: right\"><b>\u0625\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645<\/b><\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\" style=\"text-align: right\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u0625\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064f \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u064c \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0651. \u062a\u062a\u0628\u0646\u0651\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644\u064d \u0645\u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f <\/span><a rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/rsf.org\/en\/news\/five-media-outlets-shut-down-myanmar-one-raided\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0642\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0651\u0629<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0651\u0636 \u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 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\u0642\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0651\u0629.<\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\" style=\"text-align: right\"><b>\u062a\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0647: <\/b><b><i>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u064f\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0629\u064b \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u0628\u063a\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0624\u062e\u0630 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0651\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u064e\u0651\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0641\u0642\u0637.<\/i><\/b><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p dir=\"rtl\" style=\"text-align: right\"><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0631\u0648 GIJN \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u062d\u0631\u0651\u0631\u0648\u0627 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0647\u0645 &#8220;\u0646\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u0623\u0628\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0644\u0648&#8221; \u0648&#8221; \u0631\u064a\u062f \u0631\u064a\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0633\u0648\u0646&#8221;. \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0644\u0641\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0643\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a <\/span><\/i><a rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.zunar.my\/\"><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u0632\u0648\u0646\u0627\u0631<\/span><\/i> <\/a><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u00a0(\u0630\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0644 \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642).<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\" style=\"text-align: right\"><b><i><\/i><\/b><b><i><a href=\"https:\/\/gijn.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/WXTbOhyZ-336x336-1.jpeg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-380779 alignright\" src=\"https:\/\/gijn.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/WXTbOhyZ-336x336-1.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"175\" height=\"175\" srcset=\"https:\/\/gijn.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/WXTbOhyZ-336x336-1.jpeg 336w, https:\/\/gijn.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/WXTbOhyZ-336x336-1-140x140.jpeg 140w, https:\/\/gijn.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/WXTbOhyZ-336x336-1-60x60.jpeg 60w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 175px) 100vw, 175px\" \/><\/a>Media<\/i><\/b><b><i> Defence<\/i><\/b><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0651\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0631\u0643\u0651\u0632 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0651\u062d\u0641\u064a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0651\u062d\u0641\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u062a\u063a\u0637\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645. \u0648\u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646\u060c \u062f\u0639\u0645\u062a Media DEfence \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 900 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u062a \u0645\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0641\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 110 \u0628\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0646. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0646\u00a0 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 290 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0632 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062c\u0646\u064f\u0651\u0628 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 646 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0643\u062a\u0639\u0648\u064a\u0636\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u062f\u0631\u0651\u0628\u062a \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 90 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0645\u064a\u064b\u0627.<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\" style=\"text-align: right\"><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u0646\u062f\u0639\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0651\u062d\u0641\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649\u00a0 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0651\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0640 GIJN \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 <\/span><\/i><a href=\"https:\/\/gijn.org\/ar\/mktb-almsadt\/\"><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629<\/span><\/i><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639 <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 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