{"id":327475,"date":"2021-04-28T10:11:17","date_gmt":"2021-04-28T14:11:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/gijn.org\/?p=327475"},"modified":"2025-07-15T07:35:21","modified_gmt":"2025-07-15T11:35:21","slug":"%d8%a8%d8%b1%d9%86%d8%a7%d9%85%d8%ac-%d9%85%d9%86-10-%d8%ae%d8%b7%d9%88%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d9%84%d9%85%d8%ad%d8%a7%d8%b1%d8%a8%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ad%d9%83%d9%85-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%81%d8%a7%d8%b3%d8%af","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/gijn.org\/ar\/%d9%82%d8%b5%d8%b5\/%d8%a8%d8%b1%d9%86%d8%a7%d9%85%d8%ac-%d9%85%d9%86-10-%d8%ae%d8%b7%d9%88%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d9%84%d9%85%d8%ad%d8%a7%d8%b1%d8%a8%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ad%d9%83%d9%85-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%81%d8%a7%d8%b3%d8%af\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0645\u0646 10 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0633\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644\u0651 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646"},"content":{"rendered":"<p dir=\"rtl\" style=\"text-align: right\"><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0651\u0631: \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062a\u0637\u0641 \u0645\u0623\u062e\u0648\u0630\u064c \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 <\/span><\/i><a rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.penguinrandomhouse.com\/books\/588987\/ill-winds-by-larry-diamond\/\"><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">&#8220;\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0651\u0624\u0645: \u0625\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0636\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0651\u0645\u0648\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0631\u0627\u062e\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a&#8221;<\/span><\/i><\/a><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u0644\u062e\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0641\u0648\u0631\u062f&#8221; \u0644\u0627\u0631\u064a \u062f\u0627\u064a\u0645\u0648\u0646\u062f&#8221;. \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a Penguin Books\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0645\u0651 \u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062a\u0637\u0641 \u0647\u0646\u0627 \u0628\u0625\u0630\u0646. \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0648\u0636\u0639\u0647\u0627 &#8220;\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0645\u0648\u0646\u062f&#8221; \u0644\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0651 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0628\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0633\u062f)\u060c \u0646\u0631\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0625\u062d\u062f\u0627\u0647\u0627 \u0647\u064a &#8220;\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0635\u0651\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0651\u0629&#8221;.<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\" style=\"text-align: right\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u0647\u0646\u0627\u0644\u0643 \u0633\u0628\u0628\u064c \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0645\u0647\u064a\u0645\u0646\u064c \u064a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632\u064f \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0628\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0651\u060c \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0636\u062f\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0628\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0651\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0633\u062f) \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0651\u0629\u064b \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629. \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0634\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0623 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0642\u062f\u064f\u0651\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0651 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645.<\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\" style=\"text-align: right\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0647\u062f\u0651\u062f\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0633\u0627\u062f\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a \u0634\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0651\u0629\u064e \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0651\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u062a\u062f\u0647\u0648\u0631\u0647 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0651\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627. \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0633\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0633 \u0647\u0648 \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0627\u062f\u064a. \u0648\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u062a\u0645\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u0646\u0647\u0628\u0650 \u0647\u0624\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0651\u063a\u0627\u0629 \u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u062c\u0631\u062a\u0652 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u0627\u0639\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u062d\u0644\u0651\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0633\u0648\u0641 \u062a\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0647\u064a\u0627\u0631.<\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\" style=\"text-align: right\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u0625\u0646 \u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0634\u0631\u0637\u064d \u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0628\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0651\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0651\u0629. \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0628\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0641\u0633\u0627\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0636\u062e\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u062d\u0633\u0628\u061b \u0628\u0644 \u0647\u064a \u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0631\u0648\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u063a\u0633\u064a\u0644\u0647\u0627. \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0632\u062f\u0647\u0631\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0628\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u062c\u0631\u0651\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0634\u0623 \u0642\u062f \u062a\u062f\u0647\u0648\u0631\u062a\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0651\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0651\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u00a0 &#8220;<\/span><a rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/articles\/the-rise-of-kleptocracy-laundering-cash-whitewashing-reputations\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0633\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0645\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0631\u0648\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0648\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0651\u0629&#8221;\u060c <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u0646\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0643 \u0639\u0646 \u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0641\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0651\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u062f\u0647\u0648\u0631. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0624 \u0645\u0647\u064a\u0646\u064c \u0648\u064a\u0639\u0631\u0651\u0636 \u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0651\u0627\u062a\u0646\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0631.<\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\" style=\"text-align: right\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0651\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u063a\u0627\u0645\u0636\u064b\u0627. \u0641\u0647\u0648 \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0651\u0628\u064f \u0623\u0648\u0651\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0633\u062f\u064e\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0651\u063a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629 -\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0628\u0627\u0637\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062f\u0651\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0647\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0633\u062f\u0648\u0646- \u0628\u0648\u0636\u0639\u0650 \u0623\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0645 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0643\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0651\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062c\u0647\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0645\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0646.<\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\" style=\"text-align: right\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u00a0\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0625\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0647\u0627 &#8220;<\/span><a rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.hudson.org\/research\/14244-countering-russian-kleptocracy\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0639\u062f\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0642\u0636\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0651\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0651\u0629<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">&#8221; \u0623\u0648 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0651\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0651\u0646\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0626\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0651\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u0629.\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\" style=\"text-align: right\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u00a0\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0625\u062f\u062e\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0651\u0631\u0639\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0634\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a. \u0641\u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627\u00a0 <\/span><a rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/foreignpolicy.com\/2014\/09\/16\/corrupt-ukrainian-politicians-have-a-taste-for-mansions\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u064a\u0634\u062a\u0631\u064a \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064f \u0648\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0621\u064d \u0623\u0648\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0645\u0646\u0632\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 5 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0637\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641\u0648\u0631\u0646\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u064a\u0646\u0628\u063a\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0645\u0624\u0634\u0651\u0631 \u062e\u0637\u0631.<\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\" style=\"text-align: right\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0645\u0646 10 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0633\u062f\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0651\u063a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0651 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0639\u0632\u0651\u0632 \u0622\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0648\u0644\u0651\u062f \u0632\u062e\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628\u064d \u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629\u064d \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0628\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629. \u0623\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u0641\u0643\u0651\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0625\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0651\u0629 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u064a\u0651\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0651\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062f\u0639\u0645\u0647\u0627. (\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u062f\u0651\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0639 &#8220;<\/span><a rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.hudson.org\/policycenters\/31-kleptocracy-initiative\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0628\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">&#8220;<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\" style=\"text-align: right\"><b>1 &#8211; \u0625\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0647\u0648\u0644\u0629. <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u0648\u064a\u0646\u0628\u063a\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0651\u0628\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0634\u0641\u064e \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0644\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0651\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0651\u0646\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0626\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0651\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u062c\u0644\u060c \u0644\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u064f\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0651\u0629 (\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0651\u062d\u062f\u0629). \u0648\u064a\u0646\u0628\u063a\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0642\u0627\u0628\u064e\u0644 \u062e\u062f\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u0625\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u062c\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u062d\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0629. \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0629\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u064a\u062a\u0639\u064a\u0651\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0651\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0634\u062c\u0651\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0628\u0646\u064a \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0645\u0627\u062b\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0651\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0641\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629.<\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\" style=\"text-align: right\"><b>2 &#8211; \u0625\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0621 \u0634\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u064a. <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u064a\u062a\u0639\u064a\u0651\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0627\u0634\u0646\u0637\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a \u0644\u0643\u0644\u0651 \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629.\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0631\u0637\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0630\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064f\u0651\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0639\u0642\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a\u064d \u062c\u0633\u064a\u0645\u0629\u064d \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0647\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0648 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0645\u064e\u0651\u062f. \u0648\u064a\u0646\u0628\u063a\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062d\u0638\u0631\u064e \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064c \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u064a\u0651 \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0651\u0629 (\u0648\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u062d\u0633\u0651\u0627\u0633\u0629) \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0626\u062c\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u062a\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0644\u0651\u0627\u0643 \u0645\u062c\u0647\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u064a\u0651 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u0643 \u0623\u0648 \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0628\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629\u064d \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0641\u0627\u0633\u062f\u0629.<\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\" style=\"text-align: right\"><b>3 &#8211; \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">. \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u0633\u062f\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0651\u063a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645\u0643\u0651\u0646\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f\u064e \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u0628\u0633\u0627\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628 \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0645 \u0623\u0639\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0636\u063a\u0637. \u0646\u062d\u0646 \u0628\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629\u064d \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645\u064d \u0645\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0644\u0627\u063a \u0639\u0646 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0651\u063a\u0637 \u0648\u062d\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645\u062b\u0651\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0632\u0627\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0646 \u062d\u062f\u0651\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u062d\u064a\u062b &#8220;\u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0642\u062f\u064e\u0651\u0631 \u06281000 \u0639\u0636\u0648 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629&#8221; \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0644\u0642\u0651\u0648\u0646 &#8220;<\/span><a rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opensecrets.org\/news\/2018\/08\/foreign-interests-fara-lobby-watch-exclusive\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u0646\u0635\u0641 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u0633\u0646\u0648\u064a\u064b\u0627&#8221; \u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0645\u0651 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u062d\u062f\u064d \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0645\u062a\u062b\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646. \u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0637\u0627\u0642\u0645\u064c \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0651\u0646\u064c \u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0634\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0630 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628. \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0638\u0651\u0641\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u062c\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062d\u0632\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0643\u0627\u062a.<\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\" style=\"text-align: right\"><b>4 &#8211; \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0651\u0635\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0651\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0650\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0629. <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0651\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0645\u0645\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629\u064c \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0651\u062d\u062f\u0629 (\u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u0627\u0626\u0645\u064a\u0646)\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0651\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0645\u0651 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064d \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0641\u0642\u0637\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u062a\u0633\u0631\u0651\u0628 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0651\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0651\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0651\u063a\u0637 \u0648\u0648\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629. \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0651\u0634\u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0651\u062d\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u064f\u0631\u0635\u062f\u064e \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0651\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0650\u0628\u0644 \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0629\u064d \u0641\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0651\u0639 \u0628\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0645\u064d \u0643\u0627\u0641\u064d. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u064f\u0642\u062f\u064e\u0651\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u062d\u0632\u0627\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062d\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627.<\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\" style=\"text-align: right\"><b>5 &#8211; \u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0651\u0627\u0628\u0642\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0623\u0639\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0646\u063a\u0631\u0633 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0644\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0644\u0647\u0627. <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0648\u0642\u062a\u064d \u0642\u0635\u064a\u0631\u064d \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u062e\u0648\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u064a\u0636 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\/\u064a\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0631 2017\u060c \u0648\u0642\u064e\u0651\u0639\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064f \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0645\u0628 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u0627\u064b \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u064a\u0651\u062f <\/span><a rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cnbc.com\/2017\/01\/29\/trump-imposes-lifetime-ban-on-some-lobbying-five-years-for-others.html\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u064e<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0651\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u064e\u0651\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0650\u0628\u064e\u0644\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0639\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0651\u063a\u0637 \u0644\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0632\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0651\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0651\u0629. \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u062c\u0632\u0621\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u062c\u0632\u0651\u0623 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0645\u062a\u062f\u0651 \u0644\u064a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u0639\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0646\u063a\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627. \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0639\u064a\u0651\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0651\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0651\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0651\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u064f\u0645\u0646\u0639\u064f\u060c \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0651\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0648\u0646. \u0628\u0644 \u0642\u062f \u0646\u0623\u062e\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0623\u0628\u0639\u062f\u064e \u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643: \u0647\u0644 \u0646\u0631\u064a\u062f \u062d\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064d \u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0643\u064a \u0645\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0623\u0648 \u0639\u0636\u0648 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0646\u063a\u0631\u0633 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u064a\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0651\u064a\u0646\u064a\u061f<\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\" style=\"text-align: right\"><b>6- \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0641\u062d\u0629 \u063a\u0633\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0644. <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0651\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0651\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u064a\u0639\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0644\u064d \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0651: \u0641\u0647\u0648 \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0644\u0627\u063a \u0639\u0646 \u0623\u064a\u0651 \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637\u064d \u0645\u0634\u0628\u0648\u0647\u060c \u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0651 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0645\u0643\u064a\u0646 &#8220;\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0625\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629&#8221; \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0651\u0629. \u0648\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u063a\u0627\u0633\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0644 &#8220;<\/span><a rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.judiciary.senate.gov\/imo\/media\/doc\/Cassara%20Testimony.pdf\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u064a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0648\u0646 \u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u0644 \u0639\u0646 5\u066a<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">&#8221; <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0651\u062d\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0641\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0640&#8221;\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0651\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629&#8221;\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629\u064c \u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0651\u0629 \u062a\u0643\u0627\u0641\u062d \u063a\u0633\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0644. \u0646\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0622\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629\u064d \u0645\u0645\u0648\u0651\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0637\u0627\u0642\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u060c \u062a\u064f\u0637\u0628\u064e\u0651\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0651\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0639\u0644\u0649 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0643\u064e\u0651\u0646\u064a\u0646&#8221; \u0644\u063a\u0633\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0648\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643. \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u064a\u0646\u0628\u063a\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0651\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u0628\u0646\u0649 \u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0634\u0628\u064a\u0647\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 2017\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0646\u0635\u0651 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0634\u062e\u0635\u064c \u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0651 \u0644\u0647 \u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a\u064c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0651\u0631\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0637\u0646\u0647 \u0628\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0634\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0645\u0628\u0644\u063a\u064d \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 (\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0648\u0647\u0631\u0627\u062a) \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644\u064d \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0648\u0643\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0644\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644. \u0648\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u062a\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0641\u0627\u0633\u062f\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u062a\u0645\u0643\u0651\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u062b\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0647\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062a.<\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\" style=\"text-align: right\"><b>7 &#8211; \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062e\u0635\u0651\u0635\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0651\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0633\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u063a\u0633\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u062a\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0642\u0636\u0627\u0626\u064a\u064b\u0627. <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u064a\u0646\u0628\u063a\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0625\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u0634\u0641\u00a0 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0628\u064f\u0651\u0639 \u063a\u0633\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0637\u064a\u0644\u0647.<\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\" style=\"text-align: right\"><b>8 &#8211; \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0651\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0641\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0628\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0621 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0623\u0634\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0647\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629&#8221;. <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0628\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0651 \u064a\u0645\u062b\u0651\u0644 \u062a\u0647\u062f\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064b\u0627 \u062e\u0637\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u062d\u0644\u0641 \u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0644\u0633\u064a \u064a\u0634\u0643\u0651\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u062f\u0649\u064b \u0645\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0651\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0631\u0641\u0639 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0621\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0642\u064f\u0651\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0628\u0647 \u0628\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0642\u0628\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0636 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0645. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0634\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0628\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u062c\u0628 \u062b\u0631\u0648\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646. \u0644\u0627 \u0628\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0630\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062b\u063a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0639\u0644 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u064d \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0644\u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0641\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0628\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629. \u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0644\u062a\u0648\u062d\u064a\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u062b\u063a\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u061b \u0641\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0647\u0644 \u062c\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u063a\u0646\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062f\u0641\u0639\u0648\u0627 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0651\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0651\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0651\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0643\u0646\u062f\u0627 \u0648\u0623\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627 &#8211; \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0623\u0633\u0647\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0651\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0651\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0637\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0628\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0648\u0651\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0651\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a.<\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\" style=\"text-align: right\"><b>9 &#8211; \u0631\u0641\u0639 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0628\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0629. <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u0634\u0639\u0628 \u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u062d\u0644 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0633\u0627\u062f\u060c \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064f\u0651 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0651\u0628\u0637 \u0645\u0646\u0652 \u064a\u0646\u0647\u0628\u064f \u062b\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0647\u060c \u0648\u064a\u063a\u0633\u0644\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064d \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c. \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a &#8220;\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0628\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629&#8221; \u0628\u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 &#8220;\u0635\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0642 \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a&#8221;\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u062f\u0639 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064e\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0633\u0646\u0651\u0649 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 &#8220;\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u064a\u0633\u0648\u062f \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646&#8221;. \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u0646\u0646\u0634\u0626 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0642\u060c \u0648\u0646\u0639\u0644\u0646 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u063a\u0633\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0644\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0628\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u061f \u0648\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u0646\u0642\u062f\u0651\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0651\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0622\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0646\u0652 \u064a\u0628\u0644\u063a\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0651\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0634\u0641\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0633\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u063a\u0633\u0644\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0651\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0651\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0651\u0645\u0629\u061f<\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\" style=\"text-align: right\"><b>10 &#8211; \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0651 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u0651\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0651\u0645\u0627\u062a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0651\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u0635\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0633\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0641\u062d\u062a\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645. <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644\u064f \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0628\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629\u064c \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0651\u0628 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0622\u062a \u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f\u064d \u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0644\u063a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0646. \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0646 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0651\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a. \u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0641\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062c\u0639\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u062e\u0637\u0631\u064d \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u064d \u0644\u0641\u0636\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0633\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u0645 \u0648\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0621\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0637\u0631\u0628\u0629. \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0651\u0645\u0627\u062a\u064c \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u0651\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0651\u0645\u0629 &#8220;<\/span><a rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.transparency.org\/en\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0641\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">&#8220;<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u0636\u063a\u0648\u0637\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0633\u062f\u0650\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0651\u063a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0651\u0635\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0644\u0627\u063a\u060c \u0648\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u0639\u0651\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646\u062d \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0641\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0633\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629.<\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\" style=\"text-align: right\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0651\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0633\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649\u060c \u064a\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0638\u0651\u0641\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0639\u064a\u064e\u0651\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0651\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0651\u0639\u0627\u0628 \u0644\u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0641\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0633\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a. \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0643\u0644\u0651 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0639\u0645\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0651 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0651\u060c \u0641\u0636\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0646 \u062f\u0639\u0645\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0633\u064a\u060c \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0646\u062c\u0646\u0651\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u0627\u0634\u0637\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062c\u0639\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0641\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0633\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644\u064e \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0621. \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u0639\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0651\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u0627\u0639\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0651\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0651\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u064f &#8220;<\/span><a rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.icij.org\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0651\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0635\u0651\u062d\u0641\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u064a\u0646<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">&#8220;<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0646\u0634\u0631 <\/span><a rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/panama-papers\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u0642\u0635\u0629 \u0623\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0628\u0646\u0645\u0627<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u0648\u064a\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 220 \u0635\u062d\u0641\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 100 \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0651\u0633\u0629 \u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 80 \u0628\u0644\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0635\u0635 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0651\u0642\u0629.<\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\" style=\"text-align: right\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u062a\u0634\u0643\u0651\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0637\u0645\u0648\u062d\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0634\u0646 \u0647\u062c\u0648\u0645 \u0642\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0628\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0646\u0637\u0645\u062d \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649: \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u0651\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a &#8220;\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u0648\u0648\u0644\u0641&#8221; \u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0641\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0633\u0627\u062f \u0630\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0648\u0631\u064d \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0651 \u0645\u0645\u0627\u062b\u0644 \u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629. \u0648\u062d\u064a\u062b\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064f\u0651\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0633\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u062a\u0647 \u0642\u0636\u0627\u0626\u064a\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0633\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0630\u0644\u0643. \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0651\u0639\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u064e\u0651\u0633\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0633\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062f \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0635\u0631\u0641\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u062f\u062e\u0651\u0644. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0642\u0628\u064f \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0633\u0627\u062f\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0651 \u0641\u062d\u0633\u0628\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0633\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064f\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0633\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0644\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0645\u062c\u0631\u0651\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u0648\u0644\u0651\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0634\u0641\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0651\u0629. \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u0651\u062f \u062d\u0644\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u0648\u0644\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u064a\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u0638\u0631. \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0628\u062f\u0623\u062a\u0652 \u0628\u0623\u062d\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u062c\u0631\u064a\u0626\u0629. \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0628\u0633\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0636\u064a &#8220;\u0648\u0648\u0644\u0641&#8221; \u062c\u0645\u0644\u0629\u064b \u062a\u064f\u0646\u0633\u0628\u064f \u0641\u064a \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u064a\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0627\u0646\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627: &#8220;\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0621 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u062d\u064a\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u064b\u0627\u060c \u062d\u062a\u0651\u0649 \u064a\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0651\u0642&#8221;.<\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p dir=\"rtl\" style=\"text-align: right\"><b><i><\/i><\/b><b><i><a href=\"https:\/\/gijn.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/Screen-Shot-2021-04-26-at-9.31.27-PM.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-327471 alignright\" src=\"https:\/\/gijn.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/Screen-Shot-2021-04-26-at-9.31.27-PM.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"168\" height=\"169\" srcset=\"https:\/\/gijn.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/Screen-Shot-2021-04-26-at-9.31.27-PM.png 322w, https:\/\/gijn.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/Screen-Shot-2021-04-26-at-9.31.27-PM-140x140.png 140w, https:\/\/gijn.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/Screen-Shot-2021-04-26-at-9.31.27-PM-60x60.png 60w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 168px) 100vw, 168px\" \/><\/a>\u0644\u0627\u0631\u064a \u062f\u0627\u064a\u0645\u0648\u0646\u062f<\/i><\/b><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u0647\u0648 \u0632\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0647\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0648\u0641\u064a <\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u0645\u0639\u0647\u062f <\/span><a rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/fsi.stanford.edu\/\"><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0633\u0628\u0648\u063a\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0651\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 (FSI) \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0641\u0648\u0631\u062f.<\/span><\/i><\/a> <i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0651\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633 \u0644\u0640\u00a0 <\/span><\/i><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Journal of Democracy <\/span><\/i><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u00a0\u0648\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0648\u0651\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0651\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u00a0 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0651 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629.<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\" style=\"text-align: right\">\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0647\u062f\u0651\u062f\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0633\u0627\u062f\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a \u0634\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0651\u0629\u064e \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0651\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u062a\u062f\u0647\u0648\u0631\u0647 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0651\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627. \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0633\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0633 \u0647\u0648 \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0627\u062f\u064a. \u0648\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u062a\u0645\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u0646\u0647\u0628\u0650 \u0647\u0624\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0651\u063a\u0627\u0629 \u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u062c\u0631\u062a\u0652 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u0627\u0639\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u062d\u0644\u0651\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0633\u0648\u0641 \u062a\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0647\u064a\u0627\u0631.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3031114,"featured_media":1071793,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_price":"","_stock":"","_tribe_ticket_header":"","_tribe_default_ticket_provider":"","_tribe_ticket_capacity":"0","_ticket_start_date":"","_ticket_end_date":"","_tribe_ticket_show_description":"","_tribe_ticket_show_not_going":false,"_tribe_ticket_use_global_stock":"","_tribe_ticket_global_stock_level":"","_global_stock_mode":"","_global_stock_cap":"","_tribe_rsvp_for_event":"","_tribe_ticket_going_count":"","_tribe_ticket_not_going_count":"","_tribe_tickets_list":"[]","_tribe_ticket_has_attendee_info_fields":false,"republication-tracker-tool-hide-widget":false,"footnotes":"","_tec_slr_enabled":"","_tec_slr_layout":""},"categories":[23062],"tags":[10282],"gijn_topic":[18524],"series":[17772],"gijn_language":[17785],"gijn_region":[],"class_list":["post-327475","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-23062","tag-10282","gijn_topic-18524","series-arabic-ar","gijn_language-ar-ar"],"acf":[],"ticketed":false,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/gijn.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/327475","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/gijn.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/gijn.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gijn.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3031114"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gijn.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=327475"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/gijn.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/327475\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2382225,"href":"https:\/\/gijn.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/327475\/revisions\/2382225"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gijn.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1071793"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/gijn.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=327475"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gijn.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=327475"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gijn.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=327475"},{"taxonomy":"gijn_topic","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gijn.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/gijn_topic?post=327475"},{"taxonomy":"series","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gijn.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/series?post=327475"},{"taxonomy":"gijn_language","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gijn.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/gijn_language?post=327475"},{"taxonomy":"gijn_region","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gijn.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/gijn_region?post=327475"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}