{"id":3040418,"date":"2026-05-31T04:16:02","date_gmt":"2026-05-31T08:16:02","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/gijn.org\/?p=3040418"},"modified":"2026-05-31T04:20:59","modified_gmt":"2026-05-31T08:20:59","slug":"%d8%af%d9%84%d9%8a%d9%84-%d8%aa%d8%ad%d9%84%d9%8a%d9%84-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ae%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%a6%d8%b7-%d8%a8%d8%a7%d8%b3%d8%aa%d8%ae%d8%af%d8%a7%d9%85-qgis","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/gijn.org\/ar\/%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d9%88%d8%a7%d8%b1%d8%af\/%d8%af%d9%84%d9%8a%d9%84-%d8%aa%d8%ad%d9%84%d9%8a%d9%84-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ae%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%a6%d8%b7-%d8%a8%d8%a7%d8%b3%d8%aa%d8%ae%d8%af%d8%a7%d9%85-qgis\/","title":{"rendered":"\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0637 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 QGIS"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u0628\u0642\u0644\u0645 <a rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/mongabay.org\/person\/andy-lehren\/\">\u0622\u0646\u062f\u064a \u0644\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0646<\/a> \u0648\u0643\u0648\u0643 <a rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/pulitzercenter.org\/people\/kuek-ser-kuang-keng\">\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0643\u0648\u0627\u0646\u063a \u0643\u064a\u0646\u063a<\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0641\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0637 \u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0642\u0635\u0635 \u0645\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0651\u0639\u0629: \u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062e\u0646\u0629\u061b \u062a\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u061b \u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0648\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629\u061b \u062a\u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642 \u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628. \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0643 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0629: &#8220;<a rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/2024\/03\/15\/gazas-trees-disappear-showing-a-humanitarian-crisis\/\">\u0623\u0634\u062c\u0627\u0631 \u063a\u0632\u0629 \u062a\u062e\u062a\u0641\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0623\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/a>&#8221; \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0646\u063a\u0643\u0627\u062a\u060c <a rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nbcnews.com\/politics\/politics-news\/powerful-us-political-family-linked-copper-mining-amazon-rainforest-rcna87436\">\u0648&#8221;\u0639\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/a>&#8220;\u060c <a rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nbcnews.com\/investigations\/fabric-hailed-eco-friendly-rainforest-tells-different-story-rcna8080\">\u0648&#8221;\u064a\u0634\u0627\u062f \u0628\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u064a\u062c \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0635\u062f\u064a\u0642 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629. \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u0648\u064a \u0642\u0635\u0629 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629<\/a>&#8221; \u0645\u0646 NBC News. \u0648\u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u0633\u064a\u0623\u062e\u0630\u0643 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062a QGIS (\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0645\u064a\u0629) \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0645\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0637.<\/p>\n<p>\u0645\u0639 \u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0633\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\">\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 QGIS \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0637 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a.<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\">\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645\u064a.<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\">\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0637 (import data).<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\">\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u062e\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0637 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629\u060c \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u0633\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0648\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629.<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\">\u062a\u062c\u064a\u062f \u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0637\u0639 (intersects) \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0630\u0644\u0643.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0631\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0637. \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0625\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0631\u0627\u0626\u0639\u061b \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0633\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0651\u0646\u0643 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><b> \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><b>\u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a QGIS<\/b><\/p>\n<p><a rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.qgis.org\/download\/\">\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u060c \u0642\u0645 \u0628\u062a\u062d\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a QGIS<\/a>\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0631\u0633\u0645 \u062e\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0637 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645. \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0628\u0643.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/gijn.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/2222222.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-3040423\" src=\"https:\/\/gijn.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/2222222.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"768\" height=\"588\" srcset=\"https:\/\/gijn.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/2222222.png 768w, https:\/\/gijn.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/2222222-336x257.png 336w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0631\u0649 \u0634\u0627\u0634\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647. \u0627\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u062d\u0627\u0633\u0648\u0628\u0643. \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0651\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a.<\/p>\n<p><b>\u062a\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a<\/b><\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a <a rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/tinyurl.com\/GIJCMapping\">\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0647\u0646\u0627<\/a>. \u0646\u0632\u0651\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0648\u0628 \u0648\u0633\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062d\u0641\u0638\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a\u0647. \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0646\u0634\u0626 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0645 <i>GIJC_Mapping<\/i> \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u062a\u062a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0644 \u0634\u064a\u0621 \u0628\u0633\u0647\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u064b\u0627.<\/p>\n<ol start=\"2\">\n<li><b> \u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 QGIS<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\u0639\u0646\u062f \u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 QGIS \u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0634\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0643 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0627\u060c \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0648\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0646\u0632\u0651\u0644\u062a\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c. \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u0642. \u0633\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0635 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0623\u062f\u0646\u0627\u0647.<\/p>\n<p>\u0644\u0646\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0636 \u0623\u0646 \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0627 \u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0647\u0648 \u0634\u0631\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0648\u0635\u0641\u062d\u0629 \u0641\u0627\u0631\u063a\u0629 \u0643\u0647\u0630\u0647.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/gijn.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/333333.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-3040446\" src=\"https:\/\/gijn.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/333333.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"768\" height=\"110\" srcset=\"https:\/\/gijn.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/333333.png 768w, https:\/\/gijn.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/333333-336x48.png 336w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u2014 \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631 \u2014 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u0636\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0631\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0637.<\/p>\n<p>\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u060c \u0633\u0646\u0646\u0634\u0626 \u0648\u0646\u062d\u0641\u0638 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u2014 \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0633\u0646\u0646\u0634\u0626 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u062e\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0644\u0646\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0626\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0630\u0647\u0628 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0642\u0635\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0631\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0646\u0642\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649: <b>Project<\/b> \u2192 <b>Save As<\/b>&#8230; \u0633\u0646\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0647\u0627 <i>World_Population<\/i><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/gijn.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/44444444.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-3040469\" src=\"https:\/\/gijn.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/44444444.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"531\" height=\"366\" srcset=\"https:\/\/gijn.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/44444444.png 531w, https:\/\/gijn.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/44444444-336x232.png 336w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 531px) 100vw, 531px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/gijn.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/55555555.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-3040492\" src=\"https:\/\/gijn.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/55555555.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"768\" height=\"324\" srcset=\"https:\/\/gijn.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/55555555.png 768w, https:\/\/gijn.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/55555555-336x142.png 336w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646\u060c \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u062f\u062e\u0650\u0644 \u062e\u0631\u064a\u0637\u062a\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649\u060c \u062f\u0639\u0646\u0627 \u0646\u062a\u0623\u0643\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0643 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0637\u064a\u0639 \u0631\u0624\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d \u062e\u0631\u064a\u0637\u062a\u0643\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0647\u0627 QGIS\u00a0 \u0644\u0648\u062d\u0629 <b>\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062a<\/b>. \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0633\u064a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0643 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0632\u0627\u062f \u062a\u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f \u062e\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0637\u0643.<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\">\u0627\u0630\u0647\u0628 <b>\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u062d\u0627\u062a \u2192 \u2192 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062a<\/b>.<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\">\u062a\u0623\u0643\u062f\u00a0 \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f <b>\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062a<\/b>.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\u0641\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u062e\u060c \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0645\u0641\u0639\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0623\u0635\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0641\u0644\u0627 \u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u064a \u0634\u064a\u0621.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/gijn.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/6666666.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-3040515\" src=\"https:\/\/gijn.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/6666666.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"733\" height=\"463\" srcset=\"https:\/\/gijn.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/6666666.png 733w, https:\/\/gijn.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/6666666-336x212.png 336w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 733px) 100vw, 733px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p><b>. \u0625\u062f\u062e\u0627\u0644 \u062e\u0631\u064a\u0637\u062a\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649<\/b><\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u0633\u0645\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0637 \u0641\u064a QGIS \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062a. \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0644\u0643 \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629. \u0633\u0646\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0634\u064a\u0648\u0639\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0647\u0627 QGIS <b>\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0651\u064e\u062c\u0650\u0647\u0627\u062a<\/b>. \u0633\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0623\u062f\u0646\u0627\u0647.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/gijn.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/777777777.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-3040538\" src=\"https:\/\/gijn.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/777777777.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"768\" height=\"217\" srcset=\"https:\/\/gijn.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/777777777.png 768w, https:\/\/gijn.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/777777777-336x95.png 336w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0646\u0632\u0651\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0627:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\">\u0641\u064a QGIS\u060c \u0627\u0630\u0647\u0628 \u0625\u0644\u0649 <b>\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u2192 \u0623\u0636\u0641 \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u2192 \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u062c\u0647\u0629<\/b>.<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\">\u062a\u0635\u0641\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0646\u0632\u0651\u0644\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0641\u064a\u0647.<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\">\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0631 <i>World_Pop2020_UN.shp<\/i>.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\u0627\u0646\u0642\u0631 <b>\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u062a\u062d<\/b>\u060c \u062b\u0645 <b>\u0623\u0636\u0641<\/b>.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/gijn.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/777777777777777777.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-3040584\" src=\"https:\/\/gijn.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/777777777777777777.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"768\" height=\"486\" srcset=\"https:\/\/gijn.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/777777777777777777.png 768w, https:\/\/gijn.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/777777777777777777-336x213.png 336w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u2014 \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0644\u0641 \u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0645\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062f .shp \u2014 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0637 \u0634\u064a\u0648\u0639\u064b\u0627. \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 (shapefile) \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u064a\u0651 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645. \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0651\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646.<\/p>\n<p>\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0634\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a:<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/gijn.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/888888888888888888.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-3040607\" src=\"https:\/\/gijn.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/888888888888888888.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"768\" height=\"378\" srcset=\"https:\/\/gijn.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/888888888888888888.png 768w, https:\/\/gijn.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/888888888888888888-336x165.png 336w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>(\u0642\u062f \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u064b\u0627. \u0633\u0646\u0644\u0639\u0628 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u064b\u0627)<\/p>\n<p>\u062f\u0639\u0648\u0646\u0627 \u0646\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0633\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0646\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u2014 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0633\u0646\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0647 \u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641. \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u062f\u064a\u0647\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p><b>\u0642\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631<\/b><\/p>\n<p>\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0631\u063a\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629\u064d \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629. \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0632\u0631 \u062a\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u2014 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064a\u0642\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0634\u0628\u0647 \u0639\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0632\u0627\u0626\u062f:<a href=\"https:\/\/gijn.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/99999999999999.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-3040630 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/gijn.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/99999999999999.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"66\" height=\"84\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0627\u0646\u0642\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062d\u0628 \u0645\u0631\u0628\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0631\u063a\u0628 \u0628\u062a\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n<p><b>\u062d\u0631\u0651\u0650\u0643 \u062e\u0631\u064a\u0637\u062a\u0643<\/b><\/p>\n<p>\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0631\u063a\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u062e\u0631\u064a\u0637\u062a\u0643. \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0633\u0648\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0641\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u064a\u0636 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627:<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/gijn.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/100000000000000.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-3040653\" src=\"https:\/\/gijn.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/100000000000000.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"81\" height=\"95\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p><b>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0639\u0627\u062f Zoom Out<\/b><\/p>\n<p>\u0625\u0646 \u0643\u0646\u062a \u062a\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0628\u062a\u0639\u062f \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0646\u0627\u0642\u0635:<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/gijn.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/\u0661\u0661.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-3040676\" src=\"https:\/\/gijn.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/\u0661\u0661.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"77\" height=\"90\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0627\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062d\u0628 \u0645\u0631\u0628\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0631\u063a\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0646\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n<p><b>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642<\/b><\/p>\n<p>\u0647\u0646\u0627\u0644\u0643 \u0632\u0631\u0651\u064c \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0645\u0641\u064a\u062f \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062e\u0631\u064a\u0637\u062a\u0643 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0621. \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0628\u0651\u0631\u062a \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629\u064b \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0621. \u0627\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0641\u064a.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/gijn.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/image57-12222222222222.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-3040699\" src=\"https:\/\/gijn.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/image57-12222222222222.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"72\" height=\"84\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p><b>\u0627\u062d\u0635\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a<\/b><\/p>\n<p>\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0631\u063a\u0628 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0631\u064a\u0637\u062a\u0643 \u2014 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064a\u0642\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0631\u0641 i \u0627\u0644\u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u00a0 (\u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a):<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-3040722\" src=\"https:\/\/gijn.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/1333333333333333.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"184\" height=\"77\" \/>\u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0632\u0631\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u0642\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0627\u060c \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0644\u0643 \u0646\u0627\u0641\u0630\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0628\u062b\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0641\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0629 (\u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u064a\u0632\u060c \u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0623\u062f\u0646\u0627\u0647):<\/p>\n<p>\u0643\u0644 \u062e\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0643 \u0628\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a. \u0633\u0646\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u064b\u0627.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-3040745\" src=\"https:\/\/gijn.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/1444444444444444444.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"768\" height=\"433\" srcset=\"https:\/\/gijn.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/1444444444444444444.png 768w, https:\/\/gijn.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/1444444444444444444-336x189.png 336w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\" \/><\/p>\n<ol start=\"4\">\n<li><b>\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0645\u0648\u0632<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0639\u0637\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a. \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0648\u0646\u064c \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f. \u0633\u0646\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0645\u064a\u0632. \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u2014 \u0648\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0643 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0631\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0646\u0642\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0633\u0645\u0647\u0627:<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-3040768\" src=\"https:\/\/gijn.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/1555555555555555.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"768\" height=\"383\" srcset=\"https:\/\/gijn.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/1555555555555555.png 768w, https:\/\/gijn.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/1555555555555555-336x168.png 336w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0646\u0627\u0641\u0630\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0628\u062b\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0637\u064a\u0643 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a:<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0639\u0644\u0649 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0645\u064a\u0632&#8221; (symbology).<\/p>\n<p>\u0623\u0631\u0623\u064a\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0649 &#8220;\u0631\u0645\u0632 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u061f&#8221; \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u062e\u0631\u064a\u0637\u062a\u0646\u0627 \u0628\u0644\u0648\u0646\u064d \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0641\u0642\u0637.<\/p>\n<p>\u0644\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0631\u0624\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0637 \u0628\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0631\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629\u060c \u063a\u064a\u0651\u0650\u0631 &#8220;\u0631\u0645\u0632 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f&#8221; \u0625\u0644\u0649 &#8220;\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629&#8221;. \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u062a\u0651\u062e\u0627\u0630\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-3040791\" src=\"https:\/\/gijn.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/188888888888888.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"768\" height=\"315\" srcset=\"https:\/\/gijn.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/188888888888888.png 768w, https:\/\/gijn.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/188888888888888-336x138.png 336w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u062a\u0651\u062e\u0627\u0630\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\">\u0645\u0627 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0646\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0631\u0624\u064a\u062a\u0647\u061f \u0647\u0646\u0627\u060c \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0631\u0646\u0627 \u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0651\u0627\u0646 \u2014 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u0628\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0644\u062f \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f.<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\">\u062b\u0645\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0641\u0644\u060c \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u0633\u0646\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a\u061f \u0644\u0623\u0631\u064a\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u0629\u060c \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0648\u064a. \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u0633\u062a\u0641\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a. \u0633\u0646\u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0639\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644.<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\">\u0643\u0645 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u0651\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0633\u0646\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0647\u0627\u061f \u0633\u0646\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0645 \u0647\u0646\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u062e\u0645\u0633\u0629. \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0631\u063a\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0623\u0642\u0644. \u0644\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0639\u0628 \u0628\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0646.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u062a\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631:<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-3040814\" src=\"https:\/\/gijn.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/19999999999999.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"768\" height=\"287\" srcset=\"https:\/\/gijn.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/19999999999999.png 768w, https:\/\/gijn.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/19999999999999-336x126.png 336w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627 \u0648\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628 \u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0622\u0633\u064a\u0627 (\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0643\u0646) \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0643\u0628.<\/p>\n<p>\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0629. \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0643 \u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649.<\/p>\n<p>\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0651\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639\u061f \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0651\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646\u061f \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646\u061f<\/p>\n<p>\u062f\u0639\u0648\u0646\u0627 \u0646\u0641\u0635\u0651\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0648\u0646\u0631\u0643\u0651\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0641\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0636\u0651\u064e\u0639 (\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0646\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0651\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0623\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649). \u062f\u0639\u0648\u0646\u0627 \u0646\u0648\u0632\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a. QGIS \u0648\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u062a\u0639\u0637\u064a\u0643 \u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0636\u0645 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0639\u0636\u0647\u0627. \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0644\u0643 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u062c\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0634\u064a\u0621 \u064a\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629. \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u062c\u064a\u062c\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0648\u0636\u0648\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629. \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0641\u0629\u064b \u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0639\u064b\u0627. \u0644\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644\u060c \u062f\u0639\u0648\u0646\u0627 \u0646\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u0627\u064b \u064a\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0641\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0636\u0639.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/gijn.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/2000000000000.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-3040837\" src=\"https:\/\/gijn.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/2000000000000.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"768\" height=\"299\" srcset=\"https:\/\/gijn.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/2000000000000.png 768w, https:\/\/gijn.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/2000000000000-336x131.png 336w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0647\u0646\u0627 \u062a\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0648\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644. \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u062a\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0643\u0646\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0648\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0646\u063a\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 (\u0643\u064a\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0633\u0627)\u060c \u0648\u0625\u062b\u064a\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0643\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0644\u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 <b>\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0648\u0641\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0636\u0639<\/b>\u061b \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u062b\u0644 <b>\u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a (Data Point)<\/b> \u0642\u062f \u062a\u062d\u0641\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0635\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0630\u0644\u0643.<\/p>\n<p>\u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 <b>\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0637 (Basic Map Analysis)<\/b>.<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0641\u0644\u0646\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0627\u064b.<\/p>\n<p>\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0642\u0645 \u0628\u062d\u0641\u0638 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u062c\u062f\u062f\u0627\u064b.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ol start=\"5\">\n<li><b> \u0631\u0633\u0645 \u062e\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0637 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a: \u062c\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0645\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0648\u062f\u0645\u062c\u0647\u0627<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0633\u0646\u0631\u0633\u0645 \u062e\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a. \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0633\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0644\u0641 \u0634\u0643\u0644\u060c \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u0639\u0644\u0646\u0627 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u064b\u0627. \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0633\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u062f\u064a \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0648\u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u0648 \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u0633\u0646\u063a\u0644\u0642 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646 \u0646\u0646\u0634\u0626 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627. \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0647 <i>Police_Shootings<\/i>.<\/p>\n<p>\u0625\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0633\u0646\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0626\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0632\u060c \u064a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u062f\u062b \u0625\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0650\u0628\u0644 \u0634\u0631\u0637\u0629 \u0646\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0648\u0631\u0643.<\/p>\n<p>\u0644\u0646\u0630\u0647\u0628 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0645\u0649 <i>NYCPoliceShootings<\/i>. \u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0646\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0644\u062f \u064a\u0633\u0645\u0649 <i>InvestigatingPoliceShootings<\/i>.<\/p>\n<p>\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b\u060c \u062f\u0639\u0648\u0646\u0627 \u0646\u064f\u062f\u062e\u0650\u0644 \u062e\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0629\u064b \u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621\u064d \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0648\u0631\u0643. \u064a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u0645 <i>NYCCutdown<\/i> \u0648\u064a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0647\u0627\u062a\u0646 \u0648\u0628\u0631\u0648\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0646. \u0647\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0645\u0649 <i>NewYorkCity_DemographicShapefile<\/i>.<\/p>\n<p>\u0623\u062d\u0636\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0627\u062a\u0651\u0628\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0647\u0627 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062e\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0646\u0646\u0627\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0646\u0630\u0647\u0628 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0634\u0631\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 <b>\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629<\/b> \u2192 <b>\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u2192 \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u062c\u0647\u0629<\/b>.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-3040860\" src=\"https:\/\/gijn.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/21111111111111111.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"768\" height=\"182\" srcset=\"https:\/\/gijn.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/21111111111111111.png 768w, https:\/\/gijn.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/21111111111111111-336x80.png 336w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\" \/><strong>\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0634\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0643 \u0643\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-3040883\" src=\"https:\/\/gijn.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/23333333333.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"768\" height=\"405\" srcset=\"https:\/\/gijn.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/23333333333.png 768w, https:\/\/gijn.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/23333333333-336x177.png 336w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u0642\u062f \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u0643\u0646\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u0628\u063a\u064a \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644\u064d \u064a\u0624\u062b\u0651\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u0624\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0628 (Overlay) \u062d\u0648\u0627\u062f\u062b \u0625\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0650\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0637\u0629 \u0641\u0648\u0642\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0644\u0630\u0627 \u0641\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0645 \u0628\u062a\u0641\u062a\u064a\u062d\u0647 \u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0627\u064b.<\/p>\n<p>\u0644\u0646\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0639\u0644\u0649 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0645\u064a\u0632 (Symbology)&#8221; \u0648\u0646\u0641\u062a\u0651\u0650\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0639\u062a\u064a\u0645 (Opacity) \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647. \u0648\u064a\u064f\u0642\u0635\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u062a\u064a\u0645 \u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0646\u061b \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0625\u0646 \u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0634\u0641\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u062a\u064a\u062d \u0644\u0643 \u0631\u0624\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0642\u0639 \u0641\u0648\u0642\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646\u060c \u0633\u0646\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u062f\u062b \u0625\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0650\u0628\u0644 \u0634\u0631\u0637\u0629 \u0646\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0648\u0631\u0643. \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0623\u062e\u0648\u0630\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0628\u0625\u062d\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0641\u064a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0642\u0627\u0645\u062a \u0628\u062a\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0643\u0644\u0651 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0651\u0629 \u0623\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u0625\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0646\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0650\u0628\u0644 \u0634\u0631\u0637\u0629 \u0646\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0648\u0631\u0643\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0633\u0641\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0625\u0635\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0642\u062a\u0644\u0647\u0645. \u0648\u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u062c\u0632\u0621\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0628\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u061b \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0646\u062c\u062d\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0642\u0635\u064a \u0648\u062a\u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642 \u0643\u0644 \u062d\u0627\u062f\u062b\u0629 \u0625\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0646\u0627\u0631 \u0646\u0641\u0630\u0647\u0627 \u0636\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0634\u0631\u0637\u0629 \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0646\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0648\u0631\u0643 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0642\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646.<\/p>\n<p>\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0631\u0633\u0645 \u062e\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0641 \u0645\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0637 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u061f \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062a\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n<p>\u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629\u060c \u064a\u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a (\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0639) \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0636. \u0648\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0631\u0635\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0645\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0631\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0651\u0648\u0627\u0647\u0631.<\/p>\n<p>\u0633\u0646\u0630\u0647\u0628 \u0625\u0644\u0649 <b>\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629<\/b> \u2192 <b>\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629<\/b> \u2192 <b>\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0646\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629<\/b>&#8230;<\/p>\n<p>. <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-3040929\" src=\"https:\/\/gijn.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/2666666666666.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"768\" height=\"277\" srcset=\"https:\/\/gijn.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/2666666666666.png 768w, https:\/\/gijn.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/2666666666666-336x121.png 336w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0633\u0646\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0646\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644:\u0646 \u062f\u0639\u0648\u0646\u0627 \u0646\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631 <i>NYCShootingsManhattanBrookly.csv<\/i>. \u0625\u0646\u0647 \u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062d\u0641\u0648\u0638 \u0643\u0645\u0644\u0641CSV<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-3040952\" src=\"https:\/\/gijn.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/288888888888.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"768\" height=\"577\" srcset=\"https:\/\/gijn.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/288888888888.png 768w, https:\/\/gijn.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/288888888888-336x252.png 336w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u064a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0639\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0631\u060c \u0644\u064a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0647\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0631\u0645\u062c\u064a\u0629 QGIS \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u062f\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u062a\u0643 \u0643\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a:<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/gijn.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/2999999999999.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-3040975\" src=\"https:\/\/gijn.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/2999999999999.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"768\" height=\"528\" srcset=\"https:\/\/gijn.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/2999999999999.png 768w, https:\/\/gijn.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/2999999999999-336x231.png 336w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u0635\u0639\u0628 \u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0641\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0636\u0651\u062d\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631. \u0648\u0644\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0643\u0644 \u062d\u0627\u062f\u062b\u0629 \u0625\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0646\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0631\u060c \u0642\u0645 \u0628\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0650 \u0645\u0644\u0641\u0650 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u062f\u062b\u0650 \u0625\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0629\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u0627\u0646\u0642\u0631 \u0646\u0642\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0632\u062f\u0648\u062c\u0627\u064b \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0641\u060c \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0651\u0631 \u062a\u0631\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u0642\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u062f\u0648\u062c \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0646.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-3040998\" src=\"https:\/\/gijn.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/300000000000000.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"768\" height=\"208\" srcset=\"https:\/\/gijn.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/300000000000000.png 768w, https:\/\/gijn.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/300000000000000-336x91.png 336w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646 \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u062e\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u062f\u062b \u0625\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0647\u0627\u062a\u0646 \u0648\u0628\u0631\u0648\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0642\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646. \u0648\u062a\u0630\u0643\u0631 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a\u061b \u0625\u0630 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0628\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631. \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062e\u0635\u0651\u0635\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0633.<\/p>\n<p>\u0641\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0651\u0642 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631. \u0645\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0639 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u062f\u062b \u0625\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0647\u061f<\/p>\n<p>\u0644\u0646\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0628\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0631\u064a\u0637\u062a\u0646\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0647\u0627\u062a\u0646 \u0648\u0628\u0631\u0648\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0646. \u0633\u0648\u0641 \u0646\u062a\u0628\u0639 \u0646\u0647\u062c\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0646\u0647\u062c\u0646\u0627 \u0645\u0639 \u062e\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645.<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0633\u0646\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0651\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0648\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0644\u0643\u0644\u0651\u0650 \u062d\u064a\u0651\u064d \u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631.<\/p>\n<p>\u0633\u0646\u0646\u0642\u0631 \u0646\u0642\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0632\u062f\u0648\u062c\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0641\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u0646\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0645\u064a\u0632\u060c \u0648\u0633\u0646\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u062f\u064a\u0645\u0648\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u0644\u0646\u062e\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 (1.2 PctBlack) \u2013 \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u064a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u0646\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 <b>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0648\u064a<\/b> \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649\u00a0 \u0632\u0631 <b>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641<\/b> \u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-3041049\" src=\"https:\/\/gijn.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/3222222222222.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"768\" height=\"371\" srcset=\"https:\/\/gijn.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/3222222222222.png 768w, https:\/\/gijn.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/3222222222222-336x162.png 336w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646 \u062a\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0646 \u0625\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0637\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0621.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-3041072\" src=\"https:\/\/gijn.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/33333333333333.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"768\" height=\"674\" srcset=\"https:\/\/gijn.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/33333333333333.png 768w, https:\/\/gijn.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/33333333333333-336x295.png 336w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u0647\u0644 \u062a\u0631\u0649 \u0646\u0645\u0637\u064b\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0631\u061f \u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0637\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0637\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062d\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u062a\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0644\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0630\u0644\u0643. \u0648\u0633\u0646\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0643\u064a\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u0646\u0627 \u0648\u062d\u0641\u0638\u0647.<\/p>\n<ol start=\"6\">\n<li><b> \u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u062f\u062b \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0644\u0641 \u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0648\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646 \u0633\u0646\u0631\u063a\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0648\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0646\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-3041095\" src=\"https:\/\/gijn.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/3444444444444444.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"680\" height=\"492\" srcset=\"https:\/\/gijn.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/3444444444444444.png 680w, https:\/\/gijn.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/3444444444444444-336x243.png 336w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 680px) 100vw, 680px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0641\u0639\u0644\u0647 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u061f \u0625\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0623\u062e\u0630 \u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a\u0643 \u0648\u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0644\u0641 \u062e\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0637\u060c \u064a\u064f\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0645 &#8220;\u0645\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644&#8221; (Shapefile). \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0641 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649.<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629 \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0628\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0648\u0627\u062f\u062b \u0625\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627\u061b \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0646\u062a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0644\u0641\u0650 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u062f\u062b\u0650 \u0625\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0646\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0648\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062f\u062b \u0628\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u062f\u0642\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u0633\u0646\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0645 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f&#8221; (Union)\u061b \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0633\u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0637\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0641\u0650\u0639\u0644\u064a. \u064a\u0631\u062c\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u0651\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0628\u0631\u061b \u0641\u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0628\u0636\u0639\u0629 \u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u0646\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0625\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0646\u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062c\u0647\u0629 (Vector) \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0631\u064a\u0637 \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c (QGIS).<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0646\u0642\u0631 \u0628\u0632\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0623\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064a\u0645\u0646 \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u062f\u062b \u0625\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0631 (Shootings layer) \u0641\u064a \u0644\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0631 \u062a\u0635\u062f\u064a\u0631 (Export) \u2190 \u062d\u0641\u0638 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0645 (Save Features As&#8230;).<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u063a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 (ESRI Shapefile). \u0642\u0645 \u0628\u062a\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0644\u062d\u0641\u0638\u0647.<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0646\u0642\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-3041118\" src=\"https:\/\/gijn.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/35555555555.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"411\" height=\"239\" srcset=\"https:\/\/gijn.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/35555555555.png 411w, https:\/\/gijn.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/35555555555-336x195.png 336w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 411px) 100vw, 411px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0646\u0642\u0631 \u0628\u0632\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0623\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064a\u0645\u0646 \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u062f\u062b \u0625\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0631 (Shootings layer) \u0641\u064a \u0644\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0631 \u062a\u0635\u062f\u064a\u0631 (Export) \u2190 \u062d\u0641\u0638 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0645 (Save Features As&#8230;).<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u063a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 (ESRI Shapefile). \u0642\u0645 \u0628\u062a\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0644\u062d\u0641\u0638\u0647.<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0646\u0642\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642.<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0631 \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 (Geoprocessing Tools) \u2190 \u062b\u0645 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f (Union).<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/gijn.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/36666666666666.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-3041141\" src=\"https:\/\/gijn.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/36666666666666.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"768\" height=\"348\" srcset=\"https:\/\/gijn.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/36666666666666.png 768w, https:\/\/gijn.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/36666666666666-336x152.png 336w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u062b\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0643 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0645\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f. \u062a\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0631\u0649 \u0643\u0644 \u062d\u0627\u062f\u062b\u0629 \u0625\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0646\u0627\u0631 \u2014 \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0643 \u0635\u0631\u062a \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0648\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0637\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0625\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0631. \u0644\u0630\u0627 \u0633\u0646\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0627:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\">\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u062e\u0627\u0644 input layer\u00a0 \u0647\u064a \u0645\u0644\u0641 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u062f\u062b \u0625\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0631<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0628 overlay layer \u0647\u064a \u0645\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0648\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627<\/p>\n<p>\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u0628 \u0647\u0646\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n<p>\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u060c \u0627\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u064a\u0642\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0648\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a \u2014 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 <i>NYCCutdown<\/i><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-3041164\" src=\"https:\/\/gijn.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/38000000000.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"658\" height=\"471\" srcset=\"https:\/\/gijn.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/38000000000.png 658w, https:\/\/gijn.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/38000000000-336x241.png 336w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 658px) 100vw, 658px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u0628 \u0647\u0646\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n<p>\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u060c \u0627\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u064a\u0642\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0648\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a \u2014 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 <i>NYCCutdown<\/i><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-3041187\" src=\"https:\/\/gijn.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/3900000000.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"547\" height=\"268\" srcset=\"https:\/\/gijn.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/3900000000.png 547w, https:\/\/gijn.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/3900000000-336x165.png 336w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 547px) 100vw, 547px\" \/>\u062b\u0645 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0631 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0641\u064a\u0629 (\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644)<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-3041210\" src=\"https:\/\/gijn.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/400000000000.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"519\" height=\"273\" srcset=\"https:\/\/gijn.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/400000000000.png 519w, https:\/\/gijn.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/400000000000-336x177.png 336w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 519px) 100vw, 519px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646\u060c \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0623\u0631\u062f\u062a \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0631\u0649 \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u062c\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0627 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a\u060c \u062f\u0639\u0646\u0627 \u0646\u0644\u0642\u064a \u0646\u0638\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0645\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u2014 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0645 <b>\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0627\u062a<\/b>.<b> Attributes Table<\/b><\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0646\u0642\u0631 \u0628\u0632\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0623\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064a\u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u2192 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0644\u0641\u062a\u062d <b>\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0627\u062a<\/b>.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/gijn.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/4100000000000000.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-3041233\" src=\"https:\/\/gijn.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/4100000000000000.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"495\" height=\"527\" srcset=\"https:\/\/gijn.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/4100000000000000.png 495w, https:\/\/gijn.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/4100000000000000-336x358.png 336w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 495px) 100vw, 495px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0631\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0627:<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/gijn.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/422222222222222.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-3041256\" src=\"https:\/\/gijn.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/422222222222222.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"536\" height=\"247\" srcset=\"https:\/\/gijn.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/422222222222222.png 536w, https:\/\/gijn.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/422222222222222-336x155.png 336w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 536px) 100vw, 536px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/gijn.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/AAAAAAAAAA.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-3041279\" src=\"https:\/\/gijn.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/AAAAAAAAAA.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"676\" height=\"324\" srcset=\"https:\/\/gijn.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/AAAAAAAAAA.png 676w, https:\/\/gijn.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/AAAAAAAAAA-336x161.png 336w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 676px) 100vw, 676px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0641\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0645 \u062d\u0641\u0638\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0628\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0625\u062f\u062e\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0633\u0647\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u062c\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a. \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0641\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627.<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0637\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0644\u0641 \u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\u064a\u0623\u062e\u0630\u0643 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u064a \u0648\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f\u0627\u064b: \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0631\u0633\u0645 \u062e\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0645\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062a\u0631\u062d\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0648\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0627.<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646 \u0641\u0644\u0646\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u0627\u064b \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0623\u062e\u0648\u0630\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0646\u064f\u0634\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2025. \u064a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0628\u0623\u0643\u0645\u0644\u0647 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u0623\u062a\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0623\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062a\u0632\u0631 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062a\u0631\u062d\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0648\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u063a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0637\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644\u064a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0636\u062e\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n<p>\u0644\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u062a \u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u062e\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u062e\u0631\u064a\u0637\u062a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0629 \u0641\u062a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0633\u062a \u062e\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0637. \u0648\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0644\u062f &#8220;InvestigatingRainforests&#8221;.<\/p>\n<p>\u0641\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0645 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627\u061b \u0648\u0647\u064a \u062e\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0647\u0627 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0627\u064b.<\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u0630\u0643\u0631\u060c \u0646\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0644 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0634\u0631\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649: \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u2190 \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u2190 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0631 \u0645\u0644\u0641 (World_Pop2020_UN.shp)\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u0627\u0646\u0642\u0631 \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0642.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/gijn.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/BBBBBBBBBBB.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-3041302\" src=\"https:\/\/gijn.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/BBBBBBBBBBB.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"768\" height=\"182\" srcset=\"https:\/\/gijn.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/BBBBBBBBBBB.png 768w, https:\/\/gijn.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/BBBBBBBBBBB-336x80.png 336w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0629\u060c \u0642\u062f \u064a\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c QGIS \u0644\u0648\u0646\u0627\u064b \u0641\u0627\u0642\u0639\u0627\u064b. \u0641\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0645 \u0628\u062a\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0641 \u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0646\u061b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0633\u0646\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u062f\u0645\u062c \u0633\u062a \u062e\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0637 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0648\u0646\u0631\u064a\u062f \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0623\u064a \u062a\u0634\u062a\u062a \u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a. \u0641\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u062e\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0646.<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0646\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0641 \u0648\u0646\u0639\u064f\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0645\u064a\u0632. \u0648\u0644\u0646\u062e\u062a\u0631 \u0644\u0648\u0646\u0627\u064b \u0631\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0627\u064b\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u062a\u064a\u0645\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u062d\u0648 20 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0626\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-3041325\" src=\"https:\/\/gijn.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/CCCCCCCCC.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"768\" height=\"494\" srcset=\"https:\/\/gijn.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/CCCCCCCCC.png 768w, https:\/\/gijn.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/CCCCCCCCC-336x216.png 336w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u0625\u0646 \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0633\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0646\u0627 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647\u0646\u0627 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\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649: \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u2190 \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u062c\u0647\u0629. \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u062f \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u064a\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0631 \u0645\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 (Shapefile)\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u0627\u0646\u0642\u0631 \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0642.<\/p>\n<p>\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0641\u0644\u0646\u0642\u064f\u0645 \u0628\u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0624\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 (Zoom to layer). \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0641\u061b \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u0639\u0644\u0646\u0627 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649\u060c \u0641\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0645 \u0628\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0641\u060c \u0648\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u062c \u0644\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0623\u062e\u0636\u0631\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u062e\u0641\u0636 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u062a\u064a\u0645\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 40 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0626\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u064a\u0646\u0628\u063a\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u062e\u0631\u064a\u0637\u062a\u0643 \u0628\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0651\u0643\u0644 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064b\u0627:<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/gijn.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/DDDDDDDDD.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-3041348\" src=\"https:\/\/gijn.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/DDDDDDDDD.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"698\" height=\"520\" srcset=\"https:\/\/gijn.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/DDDDDDDDD.png 698w, https:\/\/gijn.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/DDDDDDDDD-336x250.png 336w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 698px) 100vw, 698px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u062e\u0637\u0637 \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0628\u062f\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u062a \u0628\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0635\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062d \u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0633\u064a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0642\u0637\u0652\u0639 \u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u064a\u0631\u0629. \u062f\u0639\u0648\u0646\u0627 \u0646\u0631\u0649 \u0623\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u062e\u0637\u0637\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644.<\/p>\n<p>\u0641\u064a\u00a0 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u062f <i>ProposedMine<\/i>\u060c \u0627\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a shapefiles \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629<b> \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 <\/b>\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629. \u0623\u0636\u0641 \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 <b>\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u2192 \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u062c\u0647\u0629&#8230;<\/b>. \u062b\u0645\u060c <b>\u0642\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631<\/b> \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0646.<\/p>\n<p>\u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0642\u0645 \u0628\u0636\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0641\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u064a\u0631\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629\u060c \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062c\u062f \u0633\u0647\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0648\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0638\u0647\u0631\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/gijn.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/EEEEEEEE.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-3041372\" src=\"https:\/\/gijn.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/EEEEEEEE.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"628\" height=\"592\" srcset=\"https:\/\/gijn.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/EEEEEEEE.png 628w, https:\/\/gijn.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/EEEEEEEE-336x317.png 336w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 628px) 100vw, 628px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646\u060c \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u064b\u0627: \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062a\u0631\u062d \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0625\u0632\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0627\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u064a\u0631\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u0647\u0644 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0644\u0643 \u062c\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0629\u061f<\/p>\n<p>\u062f\u0639\u0648\u0646\u0627 \u0646\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629. \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0646\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0623\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u062a\u062d\u0645\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0645\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629. \u062f\u0639\u0648\u0646\u0627 \u0646\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u062f \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0637 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639.<\/p>\n<p>\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u2013 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u0628\u063a\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627. \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0631\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062c\u0645\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0633\u064a\u062a\u0633\u0644\u0644 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u064a\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u064b\u0627.<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646 \u0642\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0633\u0645. \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u062e\u0631\u064a\u0637\u062a\u0643 \u0628\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644\u060c \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0641\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/gijn.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/FFFFFF.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-3041395\" src=\"https:\/\/gijn.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/FFFFFF.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"560\" height=\"519\" srcset=\"https:\/\/gijn.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/FFFFFF.png 560w, https:\/\/gijn.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/FFFFFF-336x311.png 336w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 560px) 100vw, 560px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0643 \u0631\u0624\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0637\u0637 \u0644\u0647 (\u0628\u0646\u064a) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0645\u064a\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0621).<\/p>\n<ol start=\"8\">\n<li><b> \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0637\u0639 \u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645 \u062e\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646 \u0633\u0648\u0641 \u0646\u0633\u062a\u0641\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u062d\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0637. \u0633\u0646\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u062e\u0631\u064a\u0637\u062a\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649&#8221; \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0645\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0644\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0633\u0648\u0641 \u0646\u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0631\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0645\u061b \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649: \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u062c\u0647\u0629 (Vector) \u2190 \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 (Geoprocessing Tools) \u2190 \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0637\u0639 (Intersection).<\/p>\n<p>\u0627<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-3041418\" src=\"https:\/\/gijn.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/GGGGGGG.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"768\" height=\"296\" srcset=\"https:\/\/gijn.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/GGGGGGG.png 768w, https:\/\/gijn.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/GGGGGGG-336x130.png 336w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0636\u0628\u0637 <b>\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u062e\u0627\u0644<\/b> \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649.<\/p>\n<p>\u0642\u0645 \u0628\u062a\u0639\u064a\u064a\u0646 <b>\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0628<\/b> \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0644\u0641 \u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u064b\u0627.<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u062a\u0631\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a.<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0645\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062e\u0631\u0627\u062c \u0648\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0647.<\/p>\n<p>\u0634\u063a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u064f\u0638\u0647\u0650\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0645\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u062d\u0641\u0638 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u0643.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-3041441\" src=\"https:\/\/gijn.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/HHHHHHH.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"441\" height=\"397\" srcset=\"https:\/\/gijn.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/HHHHHHH.png 441w, https:\/\/gijn.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/HHHHHHH-336x302.png 336w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 441px) 100vw, 441px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><b>\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644<\/b><\/p>\n<p>\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c QGIS \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0636\u0644\u0651\u064e\u0639 \u0648\u062a\u062e\u0632\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0642\u0644 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f. \u0648\u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u062d\u0627\u0633\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0648\u062c\u0648\u0647\u0631\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0644\u062a\u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642 \u0648\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0627\u064b. \u0648\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0623\u064a \u0634\u064a\u0621 \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c QGIS\u060c \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0630\u0644\u0643.<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0646\u0642\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 &#8220;<b>\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0644<\/b>&#8221; (Open Field Calculator)\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064a\u0642\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0634\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0651\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u061b \u062a\u062a\u064a\u062d \u0644\u0646\u0627 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062d\u0641\u0638 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062e\u0631\u064a\u0637\u062a\u0646\u0627.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-3041464\" src=\"https:\/\/gijn.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/IIIIIIIIII.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"307\" height=\"206\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u0637\u0631\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u2192 \u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u062d\u0642\u0644 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f.<\/p>\n<p>\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u062e\u0631\u064a\u0637\u062a\u0646\u0627\u00a0 <i>\u0623\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0646\u0627.<\/i>\u00a0 \u0646\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u062f\u0642\u0651 \u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0627\u064b. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0635\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u2014 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u2014 \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0628: <b>$area<\/b>. \u0627\u0646\u0642\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 <b>OK <\/b>\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0644.<br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/gijn.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/HHHHHHH-1.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-3041487\" src=\"https:\/\/gijn.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/HHHHHHH-1.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"441\" height=\"397\" srcset=\"https:\/\/gijn.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/HHHHHHH-1.png 441w, https:\/\/gijn.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/HHHHHHH-1-336x302.png 336w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 441px) 100vw, 441px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u0635\u0631\u0646\u0627 \u0646\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646.<\/p>\n<p>\u0633\u064a\u062d\u0633\u0628 QGIS \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629\u060c \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0628\u0651\u0639 (\u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629). \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0632\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0641\u0644 \u0648\u0631\u0624\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c.<\/p>\n<p><b>\u062d\u0641\u0638 \u0645\u0644\u0641\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f<\/b><\/p>\n<p>\u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0631\u0645\u062c\u064a\u0629 QGIS \u0628\u062d\u0641\u0638 \u0643\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0627\u0643\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629. \u062f\u0639\u0648\u0646\u0627 \u0646\u0631\u0645\u0651\u0632 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0641 \u0648\u0646\u062d\u0641\u0638\u0647\u060c \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0646\u0633\u062e\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062f\u064a\u0645\u0648\u0645\u0629. \u0633\u0646\u0646\u0634\u0626 \u0645\u0644\u0641 \u0634\u0643\u0644\u064d \u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0628\u0646\u0627.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/gijn.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/KKKKKKKK.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-3041533\" src=\"https:\/\/gijn.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/KKKKKKKK.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"738\" height=\"246\" srcset=\"https:\/\/gijn.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/KKKKKKKK.png 738w, https:\/\/gijn.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/KKKKKKKK-336x112.png 336w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 738px) 100vw, 738px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0646\u0642\u0631 \u0628\u0632\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0623\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064a\u0645\u0646 \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0641\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0631 \u062a\u0635\u062f\u064a\u0631 (Export) \u2190 \u062d\u0641\u0638 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0645 (Save Features As&#8230;). \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0642\u0645 \u0628\u062a\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0641.<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646 \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u0641\u0635\u064a\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0648\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0621\u0644\u0629 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n<ol start=\"9\">\n<li><b> \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0637\u0639 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0631\u063a\u0628 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062c\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644\u064a\u064a\u0646. \u0648\u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0632\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0637\u0639\u0627\u062a (Intersects).<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0647\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u060c \u0641\u0644\u0646\u0642\u064f\u0645 \u0628\u0625\u064a\u0642\u0627\u0641 \u062e\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0637\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0634\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0648\u061b \u0645\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0643 \u0633\u0648\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u064f\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0636 \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u062a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0628\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644:<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/gijn.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/MMMMMMM.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-3041556\" src=\"https:\/\/gijn.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/MMMMMMM.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"768\" height=\"424\" srcset=\"https:\/\/gijn.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/MMMMMMM.png 768w, https:\/\/gijn.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/MMMMMMM-336x186.png 336w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u062f\u0639\u0648\u0646\u0627 \u0646\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0645\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0632\u0651\u064e\u0646 \u0641\u064a\u00a0 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u062f <i>IndigenousLands<\/i>. \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0639\u0628 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0643\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a:<\/p>\n<p>\u0643\u0635\u062d\u0641\u064a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a. \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0632\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n<p>\u0641\u0642\u0637 \u062a\u0623\u0643\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0643 \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-3043558\" src=\"https:\/\/gijn.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/LLLLLLLLLL.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"443\" height=\"408\" srcset=\"https:\/\/gijn.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/LLLLLLLLLL.png 443w, https:\/\/gijn.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/LLLLLLLLLL-336x309.png 336w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 443px) 100vw, 443px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646 \u0627\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0651\u0636\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u062f\u0651\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062c\u0645. \u0633\u064a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062a\u0631\u062d\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627 \u064a\u062e\u0637\u0637\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631.<\/p>\n<p>\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062a\u0631\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0633\u062a\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0651\u0641\u0629 \u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0627 \u0643\u0623\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064d \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u0633\u0646\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0650 \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0637\u0639 \u2014 \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0642\u0645\u0646\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629.<\/p>\n<p><b>\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f<\/b><\/p>\n<p>\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u0644\u0648 \u0623\u0631\u062f\u062a \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0643\u0645 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0645\u062a\u062f \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062c\u0645\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0643 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u062f\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0646.<\/p>\n<p>\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0633\u0646\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0648 \u0623\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0633\u0646\u0646\u0641\u0630 \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0637\u0639\u0627\u060c \u0646\u0630\u0647\u0628 \u0625\u0644\u0649 <b>Vector<\/b> \u2192 <b>Geoprocessing \u03a4ools<\/b>&#8230;. \u062b\u0645 \u0646\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631 <b>Union<\/b>&#8230;\u060c<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-3043581\" src=\"https:\/\/gijn.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/OOOOOOO.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"639\" height=\"357\" srcset=\"https:\/\/gijn.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/OOOOOOO.png 639w, https:\/\/gijn.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/OOOOOOO-336x188.png 336w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 639px) 100vw, 639px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0646\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u2014 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u063a\u0637\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u064b\u0627.<\/p>\n<p>\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0633\u064a\u062f\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u2014 \u0648\u064a\u062a\u062c\u0646\u0628 \u0623\u064a \u062a\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0645\u0627.<\/p>\n<p>\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0643 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0644\u062f\u0645\u062c \u0645\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u2014 \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u2014 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0642\u062a\u064e\u0631\u062d\u064d \u0644\u0645\u0644\u0641\u0650 \u0634\u0643\u0644\u064d \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064d \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631.<\/p>\n<p>\u0628\u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u062d\u0635\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0627\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0637\u0639 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0646.<\/p>\n<p><b>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0636\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0637<\/b><\/p>\n<p>\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u0625\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0646\u0631\u063a\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0631\u0633\u0645\u0647\u0627. \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0643 \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u064a QGIS.<\/p>\n<p>\u0646\u062d\u0635\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u2014 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u060c \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0631\u0633\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645.<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0643\u0644 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0636\u064a\u063a\u0629 ISO \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0646&gt; \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0643 \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0631\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0631\u0624\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644.<\/p>\n<p>\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b\u060c \u062f\u0639\u0648\u0646\u0627 \u0646\u062d\u0635\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629. \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646 \u062f\u0639\u0648\u0646\u0627 \u0646\u0636\u064a\u0641 \u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u2014 \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0645\u0644\u0641 .csv \u2014 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0631\u064a\u0637\u062a\u0646\u0627.<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0636\u0645\u0651 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u0635\u0639\u0628\u064c \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0621.<\/p>\n<p>\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0647\u0645.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u062a\u0623\u0643\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0628\u0643 \u2014 \u062e\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u2014 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629. \u0627\u0646\u0642\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0643\u062f. \u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u062a \u0647\u0646\u0627 \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646\u061f \u0647\u0643\u0630\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629.<\/li>\n<li>2. \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u0642\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0641\u060c \u0648\u0633\u062a\u062c\u062f \u0646\u0627\u0641\u0630\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0628\u062b\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649. \u0647\u0643\u0630\u0627:<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-3043604\" src=\"https:\/\/gijn.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/PPPPPPPP.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"768\" height=\"324\" srcset=\"https:\/\/gijn.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/PPPPPPPP.png 768w, https:\/\/gijn.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/PPPPPPPP-336x142.png 336w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\" \/><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>2. \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u0642\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0641\u060c \u0648\u0633\u062a\u062c\u062f \u0646\u0627\u0641\u0630\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0628\u062b\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649. \u0647\u0643\u0630\u0627:<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/gijn.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/QQQQQQQQ.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-3043627\" src=\"https:\/\/gijn.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/QQQQQQQQ.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"768\" height=\"582\" srcset=\"https:\/\/gijn.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/QQQQQQQQ.png 768w, https:\/\/gijn.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/QQQQQQQQ-336x255.png 336w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646 \u0627\u0636\u063a\u0637 <b>\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0645 Joins<\/b>. \u0646\u062d\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0634\u0643 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a. \u062b\u0645 \u0627\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0641\u0644.<\/li>\n<li><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-3043650\" src=\"https:\/\/gijn.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/RRRRRRRRRRR.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"768\" height=\"218\" srcset=\"https:\/\/gijn.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/RRRRRRRRRRR.png 768w, https:\/\/gijn.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/RRRRRRRRRRR-336x95.png 336w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\" \/>5. \u0646\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0647\u0648: \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0645\u0639 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0631\u0645\u0648\u0632 ISO.<\/li>\n<li><\/li>\n<li><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-3043673\" src=\"https:\/\/gijn.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/SSSSSSSS.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"729\" height=\"410\" srcset=\"https:\/\/gijn.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/SSSSSSSS.png 729w, https:\/\/gijn.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/SSSSSSSS-336x189.png 336w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 729px) 100vw, 729px\" \/><\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646 \u0627\u0636\u063a\u0637 <b>\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642<\/b> \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0630\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c <b>\u0642\u062f\u0645 Apply<\/b> \u0648\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642. \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0643\u062f.<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646 \u0627\u0641\u062a\u062d \u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0627\u062a. \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0631 \u0628\u0632\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0623\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064a\u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0641 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064a\u0642\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0631\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064a\u0645\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0643\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631.<\/li>\n<li><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-3043696\" src=\"https:\/\/gijn.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/TTTTTTTTTTTTTTT.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"298\" height=\"133\" \/>8. \u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0645\u0631\u0651 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0646\u0643 \u062a\u062c\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0651\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0629.<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/gijn.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/UUUUUUUUUUU.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-3043719\" src=\"https:\/\/gijn.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/UUUUUUUUUUU.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"768\" height=\"259\" srcset=\"https:\/\/gijn.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/UUUUUUUUUUU.png 768w, https:\/\/gijn.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/UUUUUUUUUUU-336x113.png 336w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\" \/><\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>9. \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646 \u062f\u0639\u0648\u0646\u0627 \u0646\u0644\u0639\u0628 \u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0627 \u0628\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u0627\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0629&#8230; \u0627\u0646\u0642\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u0635\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0627\u0641\u0630\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0628\u062b\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0630\u0647\u0628 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0645\u064a\u0632.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/gijn.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/\u064d\u064dRRRRRRRR-22222222.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-3043765\" src=\"https:\/\/gijn.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/\u064d\u064dRRRRRRRR-22222222.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"768\" height=\"334\" srcset=\"https:\/\/gijn.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/\u064d\u064dRRRRRRRR-22222222.png 768w, https:\/\/gijn.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/\u064d\u064dRRRRRRRR-22222222-336x146.png 336w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0644 \u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u2014 \u062f\u0639\u0646\u0627 \u0646\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u062d\u062f\u062b\u064e \u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a. \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0648\u064a \u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0645\u0633\u0629 \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0621.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/gijn.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/WWWWWWW.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-3043788\" src=\"https:\/\/gijn.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/WWWWWWW.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"768\" height=\"740\" srcset=\"https:\/\/gijn.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/WWWWWWW.png 768w, https:\/\/gijn.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/WWWWWWW-336x324.png 336w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646\u060c \u062a\u0623\u0643\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0639\u0644\u0649 <b>\u00a0\u0632\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641 Classify<\/b> \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0633\u0641\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0628\u062b\u0642. \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0644\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/gijn.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/XXXXXXXXX.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-3043811\" src=\"https:\/\/gijn.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/XXXXXXXXX.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"363\" height=\"231\" srcset=\"https:\/\/gijn.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/XXXXXXXXX.png 363w, https:\/\/gijn.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/XXXXXXXXX-336x214.png 336w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 363px) 100vw, 363px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0635\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0628\u062b\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0628\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646 \u0647\u0643\u0630\u0627:<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/gijn.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/YYYYYYYYYYYY.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-3043834\" src=\"https:\/\/gijn.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/YYYYYYYYYYYY.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"768\" height=\"315\" srcset=\"https:\/\/gijn.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/YYYYYYYYYYYY.png 768w, https:\/\/gijn.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/YYYYYYYYYYYY-336x138.png 336w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0636\u063a\u0637 <b>\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642<\/b> \u0648\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642.<\/p>\n<p>\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u062e\u0631\u064a\u0637\u062a\u0643 \u0643\u0647\u0630\u0647:<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/gijn.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/ZZZZZ77777777.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-3043857\" src=\"https:\/\/gijn.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/ZZZZZ77777777.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"768\" height=\"294\" srcset=\"https:\/\/gijn.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/ZZZZZ77777777.png 768w, https:\/\/gijn.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/ZZZZZ77777777-336x129.png 336w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0639\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0637 \u0645\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645. \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0643 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0642\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0631\u063a\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631.<\/p>\n<p><b>\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a<\/b><\/p>\n<p>\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0643 \u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f\u064b\u0627.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-3043880\" src=\"https:\/\/gijn.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/ZZZZZZZ22222222.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"768\" height=\"168\" srcset=\"https:\/\/gijn.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/ZZZZZZZ22222222.png 768w, https:\/\/gijn.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/ZZZZZZZ22222222-336x74.png 336w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064a\u0642\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0634\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0625\u0628\u0633\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0646.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/gijn.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/Zzzz3333333.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-3043903\" src=\"https:\/\/gijn.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/Zzzz3333333.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"59\" height=\"64\" \/><\/a>\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u062c\u0627\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646 \u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0651\u0644. \u0644\u062a\u0633\u0647\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0648\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0646\u0633\u062e \u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0644 <i>WorldBankRemittancesISO2023_2022<\/i>.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/gijn.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/ZZZZZ4444444.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-3043926\" src=\"https:\/\/gijn.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/ZZZZZ4444444.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"304\" height=\"181\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0642\u0633\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0646\u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644. \u062b\u0645\u060c \u0642\u0645 \u0628\u0644\u0635\u0642 \u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0644 \u2014 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644\u0643 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0646\u0635\u064a\u0635 \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d\u0629.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/gijn.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/Z555555555.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-3043949\" src=\"https:\/\/gijn.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/Z555555555.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"498\" height=\"263\" srcset=\"https:\/\/gijn.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/Z555555555.png 498w, https:\/\/gijn.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/Z555555555-336x177.png 336w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 498px) 100vw, 498px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u062b\u0645 \u0642\u0633\u0651\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/gijn.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/ZZZZZ66666666.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-3044041\" src=\"https:\/\/gijn.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/ZZZZZ66666666.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"400\" height=\"176\" srcset=\"https:\/\/gijn.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/ZZZZZ66666666.png 400w, https:\/\/gijn.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/ZZZZZ66666666-336x148.png 336w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0636\u063a\u0637 <b>\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642<\/b> &#8230;<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0636\u063a\u0637 <b>\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641<\/b> \u2192 <b>\u0642\u062f\u0645<\/b> \u2192 <b>\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642<\/b><\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646 \u2014 \u0628\u063a\u0636\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u0638\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0642\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0624\u0644\u0627\u062a \u2014 \u062a\u0631\u0649 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/gijn.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/ZZZZZ77777777-1.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-3044018\" src=\"https:\/\/gijn.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/ZZZZZ77777777-1.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"768\" height=\"294\" srcset=\"https:\/\/gijn.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/ZZZZZ77777777-1.png 768w, https:\/\/gijn.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/ZZZZZ77777777-1-336x129.png 336w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u064a\u0638\u0644\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a \u0648\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628 \u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0622\u0633\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0646.<\/p>\n<p><b>\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0631\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0637\u00a0<\/b><\/p>\n<p>\u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0643 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0631\u0645\u062c\u064a\u0629 QGIS. \u064a\u0623\u0645\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0639\u0637\u064a \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064b\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0631\u0651\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0641\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644\u0651 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0651\u0639 \u0628\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0650 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0642\u0648\u064a\u0651\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0635\u0635\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u062e\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0637 \u0642\u064a\u0651\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627. \u0628\u0639\u0636\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0628\u0639\u0636\u0647\u0627 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0643 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u0627\u064b. \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0629 \u0647\u0646\u0627 \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0646\u0637\u0628\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649\u00a0 \u2014 \u0644\u0627 \u0628\u062f\u0651 \u0623\u0646\u0651\u0647\u0627 \u0633\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0643 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0631\u0643.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><b><i><\/i><\/b><b><i><a href=\"https:\/\/gijn.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/lehren-800x1200-1-1-336x442-1.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright wp-image-3044064 size-thumbnail\" src=\"https:\/\/gijn.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/lehren-800x1200-1-1-336x442-1-140x140.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"140\" height=\"140\" \/><\/a>\u0622\u0646\u062f\u064a \u0644\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0646<\/i><\/b><i> \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u062d\u0631\u0631 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a &#8220;\u0645\u0648\u0646\u063a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u064a&#8221;. \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0635\u062d\u0641\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0635\u062d\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0646\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0648\u0631\u0643 \u062a\u0627\u064a\u0645\u0632 \u0648NBC \u0646\u064a\u0648\u0632\u060c \u0645\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0651\u064c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u0632\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062a\u0632\u0631. \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0624\u062e\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0641\u064a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0623\u0634\u0631\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 Inside Climate News. &#8220;\u0644\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0646&#8221; \u0639\u0636\u0648 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 Investigative Reporters &amp; Editors\u060c \u0648\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0651\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0651\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0646\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0648\u0631\u0643.<\/i> <i>\u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0632 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062d\u0635\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627: \u062c\u0627\u0626\u0632\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u0644\u0643 (Polk) \u0648\u0628\u064a\u0628\u0648\u062f\u064a (Peabody) \u0648\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0632 \u0625\u064a\u0645\u064a (Emmys) \u0648\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0632 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0641\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u064a\u0646 (IRE) \u0648\u062c\u0627\u0626\u0632\u0629 \u0643\u0648\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0627 \u062f\u0648\u0628\u0648\u0646\u062a (Columbia duPont) \u0648\u062c\u0627\u0626\u0632\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u0648 (Murrow)\u060c \u0648\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0632 \u0646\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c (Overseas Press Club). \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0626\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0627\u0626\u0632\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062a\u0632\u0631 \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0636\u0648\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0648\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 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