{"id":290627,"date":"2020-12-10T06:11:57","date_gmt":"2020-12-10T11:11:57","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/gijn.org\/?p=290627"},"modified":"2023-06-25T07:32:32","modified_gmt":"2023-06-25T11:32:32","slug":"%d8%aa%d9%86%d8%b8%d9%8a%d9%85-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a3%d8%af%d9%88%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa%d9%91%d8%b7%d9%88%d9%8a%d8%b1-%d9%88%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d9%88%d8%a7%d9%81%d9%82%d8%a9","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/gijn.org\/ar\/%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d9%88%d8%a7%d8%b1%d8%af\/%d8%aa%d9%86%d8%b8%d9%8a%d9%85-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a3%d8%af%d9%88%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa%d9%91%d8%b7%d9%88%d9%8a%d8%b1-%d9%88%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d9%88%d8%a7%d9%81%d9%82%d8%a9\/","title":{"rendered":"\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u0629"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2><a href=\"https:\/\/gijn.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/hr-cover.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright size-large wp-image-284845\" src=\"https:\/\/gijn.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/hr-cover-771x386.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"771\" height=\"386\" srcset=\"https:\/\/gijn.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/hr-cover-771x386.png 771w, https:\/\/gijn.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/hr-cover-336x168.png 336w, https:\/\/gijn.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/hr-cover-768x384.png 768w, https:\/\/gijn.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/hr-cover-1170x585.png 1170w, https:\/\/gijn.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/hr-cover.png 1200w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 771px) 100vw, 771px\" \/><\/a><\/h2>\n<p dir=\"rtl\"><b>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u0635\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0651\u0642\u0652 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627.<\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0642\u0635\u0651\u062a\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0651\u062d\u0641\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0648\u0636 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627. \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0643\u0646\u0632\u064c \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0651\u0645\u0629. \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0629\u064c \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0651\u0629 \u0628\u0647\u0627 (\u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/gijn.org\/health-and-medicine-guide-appendix\"> <span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u062d\u0642<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">)\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0630\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 (FDA) \u0648\u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629 (EMA) \u0644\u0647 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u064c \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u064c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645.<\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0644\u0651\u0629\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0651\u0645\u0629\u064f \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0650\u0628\u0644 \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629\u0650 \u0648\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0639\u0629\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d\u0629\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0650\u0651\u0645\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0638\u0647\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u0629 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\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0634\u0651\u0627\u0629 (RCTs)\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0651\u0647\u0628\u064a&#8221; \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0645\u0651 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0651\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0651\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0629. \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062c\u062f \u0647\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0644\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d\u0629\u060c \u0648\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0644\u0651\u0629 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0644\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0633\u062a\u062a\u0645\u0643\u0651\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0645\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642. \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u064f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0628 \u062d\u062a\u0651\u0649 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0628\u0648\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0634\u0651\u0627\u0629.<\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u00a0\u0644\u0630\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u0628\u063a\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0646\u062d\u0635\u0631\u064e \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632\u064f \u062c\u0632\u0621\u064d \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u064d \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0651\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0651\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0633\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0651\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0641\u062d\u0633\u0628\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u064a\u0646\u0628\u063a\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0631\u0643\u0651\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0627 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u0648\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0648\u0628\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u064a\u062a\u0645\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u063a\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0639\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c\u0647\u0627 \u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u0633\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627. \u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0628\u0648\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0634\u0651\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0646\u064f\u0634\u0631\u062a \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0627\u062a\u064d \u0637\u0628\u0651\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629. \u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0637\u0644\u0651\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0643\u062a\u0628\u0647\u0627 &#8221; \u062c\u0648\u0646 \u0628.\u0623 \u0625\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0633&#8221; :<\/span><a rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/17593900\/\"> <span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0637\u0626\u0629<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">. \u0628\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0651\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0635\u0631\u0627\u0645\u0629\u064b \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0637\u064a \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629\u064b \u0623\u0648\u0636\u064e\u062d.<\/span><\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_284909\" style=\"width: 781px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/gijn.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/drug-dev-and-approval.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-284909\" class=\"wp-image-284909 size-large\" src=\"https:\/\/gijn.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/drug-dev-and-approval-771x578.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"771\" height=\"578\" srcset=\"https:\/\/gijn.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/drug-dev-and-approval-771x578.png 771w, https:\/\/gijn.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/drug-dev-and-approval-336x252.png 336w, https:\/\/gijn.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/drug-dev-and-approval-768x576.png 768w, https:\/\/gijn.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/drug-dev-and-approval-800x600.png 800w, https:\/\/gijn.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/drug-dev-and-approval.png 960w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 771px) 100vw, 771px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-284909\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645 \u0645\u0646: Re-Check.ch<\/p><\/div>\n<p dir=\"rtl\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0642\u064f \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u0629\u0650 \u062a\u0648\u062a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0633\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0651\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0635\u0646\u0650\u0651\u0639\u0629\u064f \u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0629\u0651 \u0623\u0642\u0635\u0649 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u064d \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0646 \u064a\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0631 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 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\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u062d\u0630\u0631 \u0645\u0639 \u0623\u064a\u0650\u0651 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c\u064d \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0648\u0635\u064f\u0651\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629\u064d \u0635\u064f\u0645\u0650\u0651\u0645\u064e\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0629.<\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639<\/span><a rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.students4bestevidence.net\/\"> <span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Students 4 Best Evidence<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631\u064c \u062c\u064a\u0650\u0651\u062f\u064c \u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0651\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0651\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0651\u0647 \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064c \u0648\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645\u064c \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u0627\u0633. \u064a\u0641\u0633\u0651\u0631\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639\u064f \u0639\u062b\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0650 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0629&#8221; \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u064d <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u00a0<\/span><a rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.students4bestevidence.net\/surrogate-endpoints-in-ebm-what-are-the-benefits-and-dangers\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0651 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">: &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0636\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u064f\u0639\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u062f\u0645\u0650 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0627\u0645\u0650 \u0636\u0631\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0628 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0645\u0651 \u0625\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0624\u0647\u0645 \u0623\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0629\u064b \u0645\u0636\u0627\u062f\u0651\u0629\u064b \u0644\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u062f\u0642\u0651\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0628 . . . \u062d\u062a\u0649 &#8216;\u062a\u0635\u062d\u0650\u0651\u062d\u064e&#8217; \u0636\u0631\u0628\u0627\u062a\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0628 \u0648\u062a\u0639\u064a\u062f\u064e\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0636\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0651\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0651. \u0639\u062f\u0645\u064f \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0636\u0631\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0628 \u0638\u0631\u0641\u064c \u0635\u062d\u064a\u064c\u0651 \u062e\u0637\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064f\u0651\u0636\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0636\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u062c\u0626. \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u062f\u0641\u0639\u0629\u064b \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0636\u0631\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0634\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0646\u062c\u062d\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0636\u0631\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0628 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u062a\u0647\u0627. . . \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0642\u062a \u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642 \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0644\u0642\u0651\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629\u064b \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0644\u0642\u0651\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0651. \u0648\u062a\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0636\u0631\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0628 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0645\u064f\u0636\u0644\u0651\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0646 \u0636\u0631\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0641\u0639\u0647\u0627&#8221;.<\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u0628\u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0644\u0651\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0644\u0651\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0645\u0651 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u064e\u0651\u0645\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0644\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0651\u0628\u064a\u0629. \u062a\u062d\u0642\u0651\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u062a\u0651\u0633\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0636\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0628\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0642\u064f\u062f\u0650\u0651\u0645\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629. \u0642\u062f \u062a\u062c\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629\u064b \u0645\u0627\u060c \u0644\u0639\u0628\u062a\u0652 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0651\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0623\u0628\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0651\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0624\u0634\u0651\u0631 \u062e\u0637\u0631 \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0635\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u064f\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0643\u0644\u0651\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u0644\u0646 \u062a\u064f\u0646\u0634\u0631. \u064a\u062d\u0631\u0635\u064f \u0645\u0635\u0646\u0651\u0639\u0648 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644 \u064a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0645\u064f\u0646\u0641\u0651\u0631\u0629.<\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"><a href=\"https:\/\/gijn.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/3-meds.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright wp-image-284910\" src=\"https:\/\/gijn.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/3-meds.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"254\" height=\"339\" srcset=\"https:\/\/gijn.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/3-meds.png 425w, https:\/\/gijn.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/3-meds-336x448.png 336w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 254px) 100vw, 254px\" \/><\/a>\u0647\u0646\u0627\u0644\u0643 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629\u064c \u0645\u0634\u0647\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u0651 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0642\u062f\u064e\u0651\u0645\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062f\u062b\u0629 \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0628 \u0636\u0627\u0631\u0629. \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u0643\u0651\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0645 (rofecoxib) Vioxx \u062f\u0648\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0646\u0627\u062c\u062d\u064b\u0627 \u062c\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 Merck \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a<\/span><a rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.fdanews.com\/articles\/68240-up-to-140-000-serious-vioxx-cases-found-by-controversial-graham-study\"> <span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0651\u0627\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0635\u0651\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 &#8220;\u062f\u064a\u0641\u064a\u062f<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u063a\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0627\u0645&#8221; \u0633\u0646\u0629 2004\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064c \u0641\u064a \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629<\/span><a rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.fdanews.com\/articles\/68240-up-to-140-000-serious-vioxx-cases-found-by-controversial-graham-study\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0630\u0627\u0621<\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u00a0\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0621<\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629<\/span><\/a> <span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u00a0(FDA). \u0632\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0633\u0643\u0651\u0646 Vioxx \u0645\u0646\u0652 \u062e\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062f \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f\u0651\u0631 &#8220;\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0627\u0645&#8221; \u0623\u0646 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0640 140.000 \u0646\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0642\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648 60.000 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u0627\u0629 \u0646\u064e\u062c\u064e\u0645\u062a\u0652 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0651\u0648\u0627\u0621. \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0651\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0633\u062d\u0652\u0628\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0637\u0648\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0651\u0629\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0642 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0651\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u0635\u0651\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647 &#8220;\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0627\u0645&#8221;. <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u0630\u0643\u0631\u062a\u0652 \u0635\u062d\u064a\u0641\u0629<\/span><a rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB109926864290160719\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u0648\u0648\u0644<\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u00a0\u0633\u062a\u0631\u064a\u062a \u062c\u0648\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0644<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 Merck \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0639\u0627\u0645<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> 2000\u060c \u0623\u064a \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0633\u062d\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0623\u0646 Vioxx \u064a\u0624\u062f\u0651\u064a \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644\u064d \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062e\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0651\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0651\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a.<\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u0648\u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a\u0652 \u0648\u062b\u0627\u0626\u0642\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0651\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0631\u0651\u0628\u0629 \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u0623\u0635\u062f\u0631\u062a\u0652 Merck \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a\u064d \u0644\u0645\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u064a\u062a\u062c\u0646\u0651\u0628\u0648\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u062e\u0648\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629.<\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629\u064c \u0646\u0634\u0631\u062a\u0652 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u064a\u0633\u0645\u0628\u0631 2004 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u064a\u062a\u060c \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0628\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0651\u0648\u064a\u0633\u0631\u064a &#8220;\u0628\u064a\u062a\u0631 \u062c\u0648\u0646\u064a&#8221; \u0648\u0632\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0626\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u060c \u0623\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0646\u0628\u063a\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0630\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064d \u0628\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 Vioxx\u060c \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u062c\u0632\u0621\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644\u0651\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0642\u0644\u0650\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0642\u062f \u0642\u064f\u062f\u0650\u0651\u0645\u062a\u0652 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629.<\/span><a rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/15582059\"> <span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u062c\u0648\u0646\u0649 \u0648\u0632\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0624\u0647<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">&#8220;\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0649 \u062a\u0648\u0635\u0651\u0644\u0646\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0633\u062d\u0628\u064e \u0639\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0650 rofecoxib \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0645\u0651 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0639\u062f\u0651\u0629 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a. \u0645\u0627 \u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0644\u0643 \u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0648\u0636\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062f\u0641\u0639\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0651\u0644\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0648\u0645\u0646\u062d \u062a\u0631\u0627\u062e\u064a\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0631\u0635\u062f\u0650 \u0648\u062a\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0635\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0644\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0645\u0629.&#8221;<\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u062a\u0635\u062f\u0651\u0631\u062a \u0642\u0636\u064a\u0651\u0629 <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Vioxx <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u00a0\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0651\u062d\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0648\u062a\u0633\u0628\u0651\u0628\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0633\u064a\u0644\u064d \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0623\u063a\u0644\u0642\u062a\u0647\u0627 Merck \u0628\u062a\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a\u064d \u0628\u0644\u063a\u062a \u0623\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0651\u0629. (\u0643\u064f\u062a\u0628\u062a\u0652 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f\u064c \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0644\u0642\u0650 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u0629\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649<\/span><a rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/news\/2007\/071113\/full\/450324b.html\"> <span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u0647\u0630\u0647<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0651\u0629<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0646\u064f\u0634\u0631\u062a \u0641\u064a Nature\u060c<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627<\/span><a rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-merck-vioxx-settlement-idUSKCN0UT1PX\"> <span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0646\u064f\u0634\u0631\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u0648\u064a\u062a\u0631\u0632)<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">.<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u0635\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0651\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0636\u0631\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0651\u0648\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0648\u0631. \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u062d\u0643\u0627\u064a\u0629 Vioxx \u0623\u0644\u0642\u0650 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u0629\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 NPR \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629<\/span><a rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.npr.org\/series\/5033105\/vioxx-the-downfall-of-a-drug\"> <span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u00a0Vioxx: \u0633\u0642\u0648\u0637 \u062f\u0648\u0627\u0621<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">;<\/span><a rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.finance.senate.gov\/imo\/media\/doc\/111804dgtest.pdf\"> <span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u0646\u0635\u0651 \u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0629 &#8220;\u062f\u064a\u0641\u064a\u062f \u063a\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0627\u0645&#8221; \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0651\u064a\u0648\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u0651<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u061b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0646\u064f\u0634\u0631\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 BMJ<\/span><a rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.bmj.com\/content\/334\/7585\/120\"> <span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u00a0\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0651\u0645\u0646\u0627 \u0645\u0646 Vioxx\u061f<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">?<\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0644\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0647 \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u0643\u0651\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0645 <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">OxyContin<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0633\u0648\u0651\u0642\u062a \u0644\u0647 \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Purdue Pharma<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0631\u0645\u0632\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629. \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064d \u0628\u0633\u0648\u0621 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0651\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0639\u0642\u0628\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0642 \u0633\u0646\u0629 1995\u060c \u0648\u0623\u062e\u0641\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0641\u064a &#8220;\u0628\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0645\u0627\u064a\u0631&#8221;. \u0628\u062f\u0623 &#8220;\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0631&#8221; \u0628\u062a\u063a\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0642\u0650 \u0645\u0633\u0643\u0651\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0645 <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">OxyContin<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u0648\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062c\u0645 \u0639\u0646\u0647 \u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2001 \u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0646\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0648\u0631\u0643 \u062a\u0627\u064a\u0645\u0632. \u0628\u062d\u062b \u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0646\u064f\u0634\u0631\u064e \u0644\u0623\u0648\u0651\u0644 \u0633\u0646\u0629 2003\u060c \u0648\u0646\u064f\u0634\u0631\u062a\u0652 \u0645\u0646\u0647 \u0646\u0633\u062e\u0629\u064c \u0645\u0646\u0642\u0651\u062d\u0629 \u0633\u0646\u0629 2018:<\/span><a rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.penguinrandomhouse.com\/books\/575714\/pain-killer-by-barry-meier\/9780525511106\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">&#8220;\u0645\u0633\u0643\u0651\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0645: \u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0639 \u0648\u0623\u0635\u0644 \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0643\u0627<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">.&#8221; \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0631\/\u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 2020\u060c <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u00a0<\/span><a rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.justice.gov\/opa\/pr\/justice-department-announces-global-resolution-criminal-and-civil-investigations-opioid\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0646\u062a<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0639\u0646<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Purdue Pharma<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u062f\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062c\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0630\u0646\u0628 \u0648\u062a\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 8 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631.<\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0645\u0627\u062b\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u064f\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u064e \u0639\u0645\u0644\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c<\/span><a rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/drugs\/development-approval-process-drugs\/how-drugs-are-developed-and-approved\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u0625\u0644\u0627<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0628\u0639\u0647\u0627<\/span><a rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/drugs\/development-approval-process-drugs\/how-drugs-are-developed-and-approved\"> <span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a<\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0630\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u0648\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0635\u0631\u0627\u0645\u0629\u064b \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0644\u064f\u0651\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645. \u062a\u064f\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062b\u0627\u0626\u0642\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u064c<\/span><a rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/drugs\"> <span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u00a0\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649<\/span><\/a> <span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0641\u064a\u062f \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0646\u062a \u062a\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u0648\u0635\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u064c \u0645\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642. \u0641\u064a \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0629 \u0623\u064a\u0651 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0643 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062c\u062f \u062e\u0637\u064b\u0627 \u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0631\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0644\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0644\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0651\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0642\u062f\u0651\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u062f\u0651\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u062f\u062e\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0651\u0648\u0642. <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0651\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649<\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0628\u0647 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644\u064d \u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644<\/span><a rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.accessdata.fda.gov\/scripts\/cder\/daf\/index.cfm\"> <span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u00a0\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u0629<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0630\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0651\u0629<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u0648\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0628\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629 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400\">\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0630\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u0648\u0627\u0621<\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: 400\">&#8220;\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631&#8221; \u0628\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> &#8220;\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0651\u0628\u064a\u0629&#8221;. \u062a\u0648\u0635\u0651\u0644\u064e \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 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400\">\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644\u060c \u062a\u0645\u0651 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0644\u0647\u062f\u0641\u064d \u0646\u0628\u064a\u0644: \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a\u064d \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0636\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0634\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0644\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0644\u0628\u0651\u0627\u0629. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0645\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0630 \u0628\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u064d \u062e\u0627\u0635\u064d\u0651 \u064a\u0639\u062c\u0650\u0651\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0643\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629 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href=\"https:\/\/papers.ssrn.com\/sol3\/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2282014\"> <span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0633\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0633\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0651\u0627\u0644\u0629<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0646\u064f\u0634\u0631\u062a \u0633\u0646\u0629 2013 \u0641\u064a <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Journal of Law, Medicine &amp; Ethics<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">. \u0648\u0634\u0645\u0644\u062a \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0639\u062f\u0651\u0648\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0629 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href=\"https:\/\/www.ema.europa.eu\/en\/about-us\/how-we-work\/access-documents\"><b>\u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629<\/b><\/a><b> \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0641\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u062c\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0651\u062d\u0641\u064a.<\/b><b> \u0625\u0646\u0652 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0630\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062b\u0627\u0626\u0642\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f\u064c \u0645\u0647\u0645\u064c\u0651 \u062c\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 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\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0652 \u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627\u061f<\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u00a0 &#8211; \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u062e\u064a\u0635\u0647 \u0648\u0623\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0647\u061f<\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u00a0 &#8211; \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u0647\u0644 \u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u064a\u064d\u0651 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 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400\"><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u00a0 \u00a0&#8211; \u00a0<\/span><a rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ich.org\/home.html\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0621\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062d\u0636\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a<\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u00a0 &#8211; \u00a0\u00a0<\/span><a rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.who.int\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0651\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0651\u0629<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629 <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">(WHO)<\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u00a0 \u00a0&#8211; \u00a0 \u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0651\u0645\u0629<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0651\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0651\u0629 <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">(PAHO)<\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u00a0&#8211; \u00a0 \u00a0<\/span><a rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.wto.org\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629<\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">(WTO)<\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u00a0 &#8211; \u00a0\u00a0<\/span><a rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.wipo.int\/portal\/en\/index.html\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629<\/span><\/a> <span style=\"font-weight: 400\">(WIPO)<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right\"><b>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0635\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0651\u064a\u0629<\/b><\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0651\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0636\u0645\u0651 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629\u064b \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0651\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0639\u0631\u0651\u0641\u0647\u0627 &#8220;\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u0644 \u0628. \u0643\u0631\u064a\u0645\u0631&#8221; \u0648\u0632\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0624\u0647 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">&#8220;\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0651\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644<\/span><a rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC3418047\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">.&#8221;<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0635\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0651\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0648\u0636<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u0641\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0651\u0645\u0629. \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0625\u0646\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u062f \u0642\u062f\u0651\u0645\u062a \u0628\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0644\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0636. \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0651\u0645 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0636\u0649 \u0648\u0639\u0631\u0651\u0636\u062a\u0652 \u0628\u0639\u0636\u0647\u0645 \u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062c\u0631\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0633\u062d\u0628\u0650 \u0632\u0631\u0639\u0627\u062a\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0651\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0651.<\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649 \u0628\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0629.<\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2016 \u060c \u0648\u062c\u062f\u062a \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 &#8220;<\/span><a rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/reader.elsevier.com\/reader\/sd\/pii\/S2452302X16300638?token=FBD465862994FCFE050D0E6A9E76589CAB882B0ADB17A4C6D3725742E37F27248DB6C1192E32F7C4515F87F2C07BDAB6\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0651\u0629<\/span><\/a> <span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u0623\u0646 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 2\u066a \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0651\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645\u0651\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0646\u062a\u064a \u0639\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0651\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0651\u062a \u0639\u0628\u0631 &#8220;\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0627 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642&#8221;\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0635\u0631\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0630\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0646\u064f\u0634\u0631\u062a \u0641\u064a JACC: &#8220;\u0645\u0646\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629&#8221;\u060c \u0630\u0643\u0631\u062a\u0652 \u0623\u0646 10\u066a \u0625\u0644\u0649 15\u066a \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0644\u0641\u0651\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u064e\u0651\u0645\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0630\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0651\u0631\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0646 7\u066a \u0623\u064f\u0639\u0641\u064a\u062a \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629. \u0648\u062e\u0644\u0635\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647 &#8220;\u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0651\u0631\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628\u0629\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0651\u0627\u0631\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0644\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0651\u0631\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628\u0629 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400\"> \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0648\u0646\u0647\u0627:<\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u00a0 &#8211; \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u062a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0639\u064f \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0628 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0651\u0648\u0627\u0621. \u0627\u0637\u0651\u0644\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0639\u0646<\/span><a rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0168851016301257\"> <span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0644<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u060c<\/span><a rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.statnews.com\/2017\/01\/16\/blood-pressure-guidelines\/\"> <span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u0648\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0645<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u060c<\/span><a rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/scopeblog.stanford.edu\/2018\/03\/22\/breaking-down-diabetes-new-controversy-on-blood-sugar-lowering\/%3B\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u0648\u0633\u0643\u0651\u0631<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u0645<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">.<\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u00a0 &#8211; \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0643\u0651\u0631. \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0641\u062d\u0648\u0635\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0651\u0631\u0637\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u062d\u0648\u0635\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0651\u062d\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629. \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0651\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0637\u0651\u0644\u0627\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 HealthNewsReview.org \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 &#8220;<\/span><a rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.healthnewsreview.org\/screening-how-overdiagnosis-and-other-harms-can-undermine-the-benefits\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0641\u0631\u0627\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0634\u062e\u064a\u0635 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0651\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0627\u0626\u062f<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0651\u0629<\/span><a rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.scientificamerican.com\/article\/medical-procedures-prove-unnecessary\/\"> <span style=\"font-weight: 400\">&#8220;\u0625\u062e\u0636\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631:<\/span><\/a> <span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u062a\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0651\u0647\u0627 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u062e\u0637\u0631\u0629&#8221; \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 Scientific American. <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 PBS:<\/span><a rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.pbs.org\/newshour\/health\/200-billion-perils-unnecessary-medical-tests\"> <span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0628\u0640 200 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0637\u0628\u0651\u064a\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629<\/span><\/a> <span style=\"font-weight: 400\"><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 Washington Health Alliance:<\/span><a rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/wahealthalliance.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/First-Do-No-Harm_December-2018_FINAL11_29.pdf\"> <span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u00a0&#8220;\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0651\u0631\u0631 \u0642\u0628\u0644<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u0643\u0644\u0651 \u0634\u064a\u0621&#8221;<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">.<\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u00a0 \u00a0&#8211; \u00a0 \u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0636\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0651\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u064f\u0648\u0635\u064e\u0641 \u0623\u0648 \u064a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u064e\u062e\u062f\u0645\u064e \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0645 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0631\u0648\u064a\u062c \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0636&#8221;.<\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u0639\u0646\u062f \u062a\u0641\u062d\u064f\u0651\u0635 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0631\u0643\u0651\u0632 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\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/b><\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2005\u060c \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0651\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0651\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0651\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u062a\u064f\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645\u060c \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649&#8221;\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0651\u0639\u0627\u0629&#8221; \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u062f\u0641\u0639\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0633\u062c\u0644\u0651\u0648\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0628\u062f\u0626\u0647\u0627. \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0651\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645\u0651 \u062a\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0633\u0628\u0642\u064b\u0627. \u0648\u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u064b 24 \u0633\u062c\u0644\u0627\u064b (\u0633\u062c\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0651 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0651 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u0648\u0644\u064a\u061b<\/span><a rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.hhs.gov\/ohrp\/international\/clinical-trial-registries\/index.html\"> <span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u0648\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629).<\/span><\/a> <span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u062a\u062a\u064a\u062d<\/span><a rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/apps.who.int\/trialsearch\/\"> <span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u0628\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0651\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0646<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> 17 \u0633\u062c\u0644\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0631\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u062c\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629. \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0651\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0633\u062c\u0644\u0651\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644<\/span><a rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.gsk-studyregister.com\/en\/\"> <span style=\"font-weight: 400\">GlaxoSmithKline<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u0648<\/span><a rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.lillytrialguide.com\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Eli Lilly<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> .<\/span><a rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/clinicaltrials.gov\/\"> <span style=\"font-weight: 400\">ClinicalTrials.gov<\/span><\/a> <span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0648\u0651\u0644 \u0633\u062c\u0644\u064d\u0651 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0639\u0645\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0630\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0623\u062a\u064a\u062d \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0628\u0627\u0637\/\u0641\u0628\u0631\u0627\u064a\u0631 2000. \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0646\u062a \u062a\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064d \u0639\u0646 \u0641\u0626\u0629\u064d \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0651\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u062f\u0648\u0627\u0621\u064d \u0645\u0631\u0651 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0643\u060c \u0641\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0643 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0645\u0646 ClinicalTrials.gov.<\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u0633\u0646\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0627\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b\u0650 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0627\u062d\u0631\u0635 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0637\u0651\u0644\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649:<\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u00a0 &#8211; \u00a0<\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">.<\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u00a0 &#8211; \u00a0 \u00a0<\/span><a rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.students4bestevidence.net\/sample-size-a-practical-introduction\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">.<\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u00a0&#8211;\u00a0 \u00a0 <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0636\u0649\/\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629.<\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u00a0&#8211; \u00a0<\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0632 <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u064a\u0629.<\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u00a0 &#8211; \u00a0\u00a0<\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0651\u0631\u0627\u062a.<\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> &#8211; \u00a0 <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629.<\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u00a0&#8211; \u00a0\u00a0<\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u062a\u0645\u0651<\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c<\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: 400\">.<\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">&#8211;\u00a0 \u00a0 <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629: \u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0629. \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0645\u0651 \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0646\u062a \u062a\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0635\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0651. \u0648\u0641\u0642\u0627<\/span><a rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/topics\/medicine-and-dentistry\/clinical-endpoint\"> <span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u060c<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">&#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0636 \u0644\u0648\u062d\u0650\u0638\u062a \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0633\u0631\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u062e\u064f\u0651\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c\u064a&#8221;. \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0635\u0639\u0628\u0629 (\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0651\u0629) \u0623\u0648 \u0646\u0627\u0639\u0645\u0629 (\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0651\u0629). \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u064a\u062a\u0645\u0651 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0645\u0651\u0629 \u0633\u0631\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0627\u064b.<\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0633\u064f\u062c\u0650\u0651\u0644\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0651\u062c\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639 \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0646\u064f\u0634\u0631\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0642\u062a\u064d \u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0651\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\/\u0623\u0648 \u0642\u064f\u062f\u0650\u0651\u0645\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0630\u0643\u0631\u0646\u0627\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u064f\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0651\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629. \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631 \u062e\u0637\u0631\u064d \u0645\u064f\u0644\u0641\u0650\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0642\u062f 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href=\"https:\/\/www.ema.europa.eu\/en\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u0648\u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c<\/span><\/a><a rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.who.int\/\"> <span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u0648\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0651\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f\u064f\u0651 \u0643\u0646\u0632\u064b\u0627 \u062b\u0645\u064a\u0646\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0647 \u0645\u0646<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0644\u0629.<\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 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href=\"https:\/\/www.who.int\/news\/item\/09-07-2019-who-updates-global-guidance-on-medicines-and-diagnostic-tests-to-address-health-challenges-prioritize-highly-effective-therapeutics-and-improve-affordable-access\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u0651\u0629&#8221;.<\/span><\/a> <span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0624\u062b\u0651\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644\u064d \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0651.<\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\"><b>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u0635\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0629:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u00a0 \u0627\u062d\u0635\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a 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\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a. \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u0647\u0630\u0627\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0643 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0651\u0645 \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0635\u0651\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0651 \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0642\u062f \u062a\u064f\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0646\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0629.<\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639<\/span><a rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ifoia.org\/\">\u00a0<span style=\"font-weight: 400\">iFOIA<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0637\u0648\u0651\u0631\u062a\u0647 <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629<\/span><a rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.rcfp.org\/\"> <span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0646<\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u00a0\u0644\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0629<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062c\u064e\u0651\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0651\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0651\u0629. \u0633\u062a\u062c\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u0635\u0627\u0626\u062d \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/gijn.org\/gijns-global-guide-to-freedom-of-information-tips-and-tricks\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0644\u062d\u0642<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">GIJN .\u00a0 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0650\u0645\u0652 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628 \u0625\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0651 (PAIA) \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0644\u0632\u0645 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0651\u0629. \u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0623\u0646 \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u0632\u0627\u0644 \u064a\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0635\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0636\u0631\u0651 \u0628\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u0636\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0651\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0643 \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0628\u0651\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0641\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0644\u062c\u0623 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646.<\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"><a href=\"https:\/\/gijn.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/4-vergrootglas.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright wp-image-284912\" src=\"https:\/\/gijn.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/4-vergrootglas.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"240\" height=\"251\" srcset=\"https:\/\/gijn.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/4-vergrootglas.png 392w, https:\/\/gijn.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/4-vergrootglas-336x351.png 336w, https:\/\/gijn.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/4-vergrootglas-390x409.png 390w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 240px) 100vw, 240px\" \/><\/a>\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0642\u0631\u0651\u0631\u062a \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0630\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u0648\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0641\u0643\u0650\u0651\u0631 \u0628\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u062b\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062e\u0637\u0637 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 (DAP) \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0651\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629. \u062d\u0635\u0644\u0646\u0627 \u0633\u0646\u0629 2011 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642\u0629 DAP\u00a0 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0642\u062f \u0642\u062f\u0651\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 Merck \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0644\u0642\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u062f\u0632\u064a\u0644 \u0644\u0641\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a. \u0648\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0630\u0643\u0631\u0646\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">BMJ Evidence-Based Medicine<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0625\u062f\u062e\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644\u064d \u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0651 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b<\/span><a rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/ebm.bmj.com\/content\/24\/2\/80\"> <span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0651\u062f \u0645\u0633\u0628\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631 \u0630\u0648 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0642\u0644.<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u062a\u0633\u0645\u0651\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0629 &#8220;\u062a\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c&#8221; \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0644 \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0644\u0627\u063a \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0651\u0647\u0627 \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0634\u0648\u0651\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0644\u0629.<\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u062a\u0645\u0651\u062a \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0645\u064e\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0641\u064a<\/span><a rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.enago.com\/academy\/issue-at-hand-outcome-switching-in-clinical-trials\/\"> <span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u0647\u0630\u0627<\/span><\/a> <span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0632 \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 2018 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u064a\u0646\u0627\u063a\u0648 \u062d\u0648\u0644<\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u00a0\u0639\u0642\u0627\u0631 &#8220;\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0648\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062a\u064a\u0646&#8221;<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0627\u062f\u0651 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0626\u0627\u0628\u060c<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u0645\u0639 \u0631\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0651\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644\u062a \u0635\u062d\u064a\u0641\u0629<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u0646\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0648\u0631\u0643 \u062a\u0627\u064a\u0645\u0632 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0623\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0640&#8221;<\/span><a rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2015\/09\/17\/health\/antidepressant-paxil-is-unsafe-for-teenagers-new-analysis-says.html\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u0628\u0646\u062f\u064a\u0643\u062a<\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u00a0\u0643\u0627\u0631\u064a<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">&#8220;<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u0646\u064f\u0634\u0631 \u0633\u0646\u0629 2015.<\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u0633\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0623\u0644\u0642\u0650 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u0629\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639<\/span><a rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/compare-trials.org\/\"> <span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u00a0COMPARE<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0647 \u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0651 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0645\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a<\/span><a rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cebm.net\/\"> <span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0644\u0651\u0629<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0648\u0643\u0633\u0641\u0648\u0631\u062f.<\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0651\u0629\u064b \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0651\u0648\u0627\u0621. \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0635\u0639\u0628\u064b\u0627\u060c \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0630\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0629. \u0627\u0637\u0651\u0644\u0639 \u0645\u062b\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649: &#8220;\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a<\/span><a rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/2046-4053-2-31\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629<\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0629:<\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u00a0\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0646\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">&#8220;<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">.<\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0628\u0647 \u0623\u0646\u0651\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u0642\u0651 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0630\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0644\u0651\u0627 \u062a\u0624\u0643\u0651\u062f \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629\u064b \u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0631\u062a \u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0641\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0624\u062e\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0642\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0645\u0644\u0629.<\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643<\/span><a rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.bmj.com\/tamiflu\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u062d\u0645\u0644\u0629<\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u00a0\u062a\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0641\u0644\u0648<\/span><\/a> <span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0645\u062a \u0628\u0647\u0627 <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">British Medical Journal<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0651\u063a\u0637 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u062b\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0627\u062f\u0651\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0641\u0644\u0648\u0646\u0632\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0632\u0651\u0646\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u064b.<\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0646 \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0646\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0641\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u063a\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u062a\u0645\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0644\u0627\u063a \u0639\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0637\u0651\u0644\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649: <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\"><a rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/restoringtrials.org\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Restoring Invisible &amp; Abandoned Trials Initiative<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u0648<\/span><a rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.alltrials.net\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">AllTrials <\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u0648<\/span><a rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.transparimed.org\/\"> <span style=\"font-weight: 400\">TranspariMED<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">.<\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p> .\u064a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644  \u062a\u0642\u0635\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0646\u0635\u0627\u0626\u062d \u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0628\u0639 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062f\u0649 \u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3031114,"featured_media":1059935,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_price":"","_stock":"","_tribe_ticket_header":"","_tribe_default_ticket_provider":"","_tribe_ticket_capacity":"0","_ticket_start_date":"","_ticket_end_date":"","_tribe_ticket_show_description":"","_tribe_ticket_show_not_going":false,"_tribe_ticket_use_global_stock":"","_tribe_ticket_global_stock_level":"","_global_stock_mode":"","_global_stock_cap":"","_tribe_rsvp_for_event":"","_tribe_ticket_going_count":"","_tribe_ticket_not_going_count":"","_tribe_tickets_list":"[]","_tribe_ticket_has_attendee_info_fields":false,"republication-tracker-tool-hide-widget":false,"footnotes":"","_tec_slr_enabled":"","_tec_slr_layout":""},"categories":[23058,23059,23056],"tags":[9076,9046,9075],"gijn_topic":[],"series":[],"gijn_language":[17785],"gijn_region":[],"class_list":["post-290627","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-23058","category-23059","category-23056","tag-9076","tag-9046","tag-9075","gijn_language-ar-ar"],"acf":[],"ticketed":false,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/gijn.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/290627","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/gijn.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/gijn.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gijn.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3031114"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gijn.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=290627"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/gijn.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/290627\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gijn.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1059935"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/gijn.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=290627"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gijn.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=290627"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gijn.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=290627"},{"taxonomy":"gijn_topic","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gijn.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/gijn_topic?post=290627"},{"taxonomy":"series","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gijn.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/series?post=290627"},{"taxonomy":"gijn_language","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gijn.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/gijn_language?post=290627"},{"taxonomy":"gijn_region","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gijn.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/gijn_region?post=290627"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}