{"id":262360,"date":"2020-08-18T12:00:38","date_gmt":"2020-08-18T16:00:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/gijn.org\/?p=262360"},"modified":"2023-09-05T15:29:19","modified_gmt":"2023-09-05T19:29:19","slug":"ma-yjb-ly-alshfyyn-alastqsayyyn-mrftuh-n-alrswm-albyanyt-almrfyt","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/gijn.org\/ar\/%d9%82%d8%b5%d8%b5\/ma-yjb-ly-alshfyyn-alastqsayyyn-mrftuh-n-alrswm-albyanyt-almrfyt\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0641\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u062a\u064f\u0647 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0651\u0633\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0651\u0629"},"content":{"rendered":"

English<\/strong> <\/a><\/p>\n

<\/a>\u062c\u0632\u0621\u064c \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u062c\u0648\u062c\u0644\u0644\u0623\u064a \u0628\u062d\u062b \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a \u0644\u0640 \u062c\u0648\u062c\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u0646 \u0631\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2012\u060c \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0646\u062a Google \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0633\u064a\u062a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0639\u0646 “\u0623\u0634\u064a\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0639\u0646 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0644” (\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635\u0651).<\/p>\n

\u0623\u064a \u0623\u0646 Google \u0633\u062a\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0646\u0638\u064e\u0651\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a\u064d \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642\u064d\u0629 \u0644\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b. \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u062f\u0651\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0640”\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a” (Knowledge Graph).<\/p>\n

\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u063a\u0648\u063a\u0644\u060c\u00a0 \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0650 \u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0648\u062c\u0651\u0647 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u062b\u0644 Siri \u0648 Alexa. \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u060c \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0644 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a. (\u0641\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d \u0631\u0646\u0651\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u064a\u062d\u0644\u0648 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647) \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0628\u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629<\/a> \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a \u064a\u0645\u062b\u0651\u0644 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n

\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a\u064c \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u064f\u0631\u062c\u0645\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0637\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 (\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f) \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0645\u0651 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a. “\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0627\u062a” \u0647\u0646\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0628\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0627 (\u0648\u064a\u064f\u0633\u0645\u0651\u0649 \u0631\u0633\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a \u0648\u064a\u0643\u064a\u062f\u0627\u062a\u0627<\/a>) \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 (\u062f\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0646) \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0644\u0627\u0645\u00a0 IMDb<\/a>.<\/p>\n

\u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629. \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0633\u0647\u0644\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0630\u0643\u0631 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0641\u0635\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0631\u0642\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u062a\u0641 \u0623\u0648 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0631\u0642\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0651. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0623\u0635\u0639\u0628 \u0628\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631.<\/p>\n

\u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0627\u0646\u0637\u0644\u0642\u062a \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0629 Aleph<\/a> \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0640”\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0644\u0627\u063a \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u064e\u0651\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0633\u0627\u062f” (OCCRP) \u00a0 \u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a \u0633\u0646\u0629\u064e 2016 \u0645\u0631\u0651\u062a \u0628\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0651\u0644\u064d \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u0644\u0640\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0651\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0645\u0631\u0651\u062a \u0628\u0647 Google – \u0645\u0646 “\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0644” \u0625\u0644\u0649 “\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u064a\u0627\u0621”.<\/p>\n

\u0628\u062f\u0623\u062a \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0629 Aleph\u00a0 \u0643\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629\u064d \u0644\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0633\u0631\u0639\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0627 \u0623\u062f\u0631\u0643\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645 \u062c\u0645\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a\u0646\u0627 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0639 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c. \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064e \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0644\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u0641\u0639 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0647 \u0628\u0628\u0633\u0627\u0637\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0628\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629\u064b \u0645\u0639\u0642\u0651\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u0627\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0627 \u0635\u062d\u0641\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0631\u063a\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0651\u0642 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631.<\/p>\n

\u0631\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0642\u0631\u0631\u0646\u0627 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0641\u0639\u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0651\u0629 Aleph\u060c \u0648\u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062b\u0627\u0626\u0642\u060c \u0623\u062f\u0631\u0643\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0641\u064e\u0647\u0652\u0631\u064e\u0633\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645<\/i> \u0648\u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0628\u0639\u0636\u0647\u0627\u060c \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0646\u062a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0631\u0633\u0645\u064d \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u064d\u0651 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0651 \u064a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0644\u0646\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0646\u064a)\u060c \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635\u0651 \u0641\u0642\u0637.<\/p>\n

\u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u063a\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629<\/b><\/p>\n

\u0644\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0643\u0646\u0627 \u0628\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0646\u0637\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u0651\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0636\u0639 \u062e\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0629\u064b \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0647\u0645\u0651\u0646\u0627. \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 IMDb\u060c \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0631\u063a\u0628 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0648\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0652 \u0645\u062b\u064e\u0651\u0644\u064e \u0641\u064a \u0623\u064a \u0641\u064a\u0644\u0645 \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0623\u064a \u0633\u0646\u0629\u064d \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0648 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0631\u0623\u0648\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0644\u0645.<\/p>\n

\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0647\u0645\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0641\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u064a\u0646\u061f \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0623\u064a\u0651 \u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644 \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u062f\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u064f\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631\u064c \u0644\u0645\u0646 \u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0646\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0635\u064a \u0639\u0646\u0647. \u0633\u062a\u0633\u0645\u0639 \u062c\u0645\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u062b\u0644: “\u0644\u062f\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0645\u0645\u0644\u0648\u0643\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0650\u0628\u064e\u0644 \u0639\u0635\u0627\u0628\u0629\u064d \u062a\u0631\u062a\u0643\u0628 \u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629. \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646 \u0623\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0623\u0646 \u0623\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0645\u0627 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0635\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629”. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0648\u0642\u062a \u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0642\u062f \u064a\u062a\u0645\u0651 \u0631\u0633\u0645\u064f \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629\u064d \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0628\u0647\u0650 \u0628\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0651 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0646\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0644\u062e\u0651\u0635\u064f \u062c\u0648\u0647\u0631\u064e \u0645\u0627 \u0646\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0647\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u064e\u062e\u062f\u0651\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629. \u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0646\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0635\u064a\u062f \u0633\u062c\u0644\u0651\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0631\u064e\u0651\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062e\u064a\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064f\u0651\u0641\u0646 \u0648\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0641\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0626\u0644\u064a\u0629. (\u0644\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0643\u060c \u0641\u0646\u062d\u0646 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0646\u0633\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0639 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064b\u0627). \u0643\u0644\u0651 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0646\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0647 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0625\u062f\u062e\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u0645 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u062b\u0646\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u064a\u064f\u0637\u0652\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0631\u0642 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0628\u0639\u0636\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n

\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0637\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0645\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0633\u0623\u0644\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0636\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0627\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0636\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0647\u0645. \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0646\u062d\u0646 \u0644\u0627 \u0646\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0632 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 “\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a” \u0648”\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0626\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629”. \u0648\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0642\u062f \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u062c\u0628\u0647\u0645 \u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0627\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0628\u0628\u0633\u0627\u0637\u0629 \u0644\u0645 \u0646\u0631\u064e \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0626\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0641\u064a \u0644\u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u062a\u064a\u0646.<\/p>\n

\u0644\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0637\u0644\u0642\u0646\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0641\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u062a\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644<\/a>\u00a0 (FtM) \u0648\u064a\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0629 Aleph. \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a FtM \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a <\/i>\u0628\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629. \u064a\u062a\u0645\u0651 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0631\u0627\u062c \u0628\u0639\u0636\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a \u062a\u0645\u0651 \u062a\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0647 (\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0631\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u064a\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u064a\u0631\u062f\u0651\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644). \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0631\u0633\u0645 \u0628\u0639\u0636\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062e\u0637\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0641\u064a Aleph\u00a0 \u0623\u0648 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0624\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0636\u064a\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0641\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0643\u0648\u0631 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0647.<\/p>\n

<\/a>\u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c (\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641) \u0641\u064a (\u0623\u0648 \u0633\u064a \u0633\u064a \u0622\u0631 \u0628\u064a) \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0645\u0649 \u0628\u0640 “\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u064a\u0627\u0621”\u060c \u0641\u064a “\u0627\u062a\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644”. \u0648\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0639\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u062b\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0645\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a PDF\u060c \u0648\u062b\u0627\u0626\u0642 Word\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0631\u0634\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a \u062c\u0632\u0621\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a. \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0641\u0647\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0631\u0628\u0637\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0628\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0628\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0634\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a.<\/p>\n

\u0625\u0646\u0647 \u0634\u064a\u0621\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0647\u0644 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0621 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u061f<\/b><\/p>\n

\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0648\u062c\u0651\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0651\u0642\u064e \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u064a\u0627\u0621:\u00a0 \u0647\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0644\u0642\u0649 \u0623\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0647\u0629 \u063a\u0633\u064a\u0644 \u0623\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0630\u0631\u0628\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0647\u0648 \u0641\u0639\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0631\u0634\u0651\u062d \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0626\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0644\u062f\u064a\u061f<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0647\u0646\u0627\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0637\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0645\u0641\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062d \u062a\u064f\u0645\u0643\u0651\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c. \u0647\u0644 \u064a\u062d\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u060c \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u061f \u0647\u0644 \u0646\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u0623\u0645\u0648\u0631 \u062a\u0631\u0628\u0637\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0622\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0630\u0643\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0650\u0644\u062a\u0627 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a\u061f \u0647\u0644 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u062b\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0634\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0651\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u061f \u0648\u0644\u0646\u0623\u062e\u0630 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u0645 “\u062f\u0648\u0646\u0627\u0644\u062f \u062c\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0645\u0628” – \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u064a\u0646 (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062f \u0639\u0627\u0645 1946)\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0628\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062f \u0639\u0627\u0645 1977).<\/p>\n

<\/a>\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0634\u0627\u0634\u0629 \u0644\u0640 \u0623\u0644\u064a\u0641.<\/p>\n

\u0641\u064a Aleph \u0642\u0645\u0646\u0627 \u0628\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0648\u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a: \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0643\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a. \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0651\u0646\u064f \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 (\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0627\u064b: \u0643\u0644\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0644\u062f \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062e\u0637\u0637\u0650 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629) \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u062d\u062b \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0651\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645. \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0634\u062d\u064a\u0646 – \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062f \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u062f\u062e\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0650\u0651\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0646 – \u0643\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641.<\/p>\n

\u0625\u0646 \u0643\u0646\u062a \u0633\u062a\u0644\u062c\u0623 \u0644\u0639\u0635\u0627 \u0633\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0645\u062d\u0642\u0642\u064a OCCRP \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0628\u062a \u0628\u0627\u064a\u062b\u0648\u0646 \u060c \u0641\u0623\u0639\u062a\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u0633\u064a\u0641\u0639\u0644\u0647: \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u064f\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0650\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0645 \u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0635\u0651\u0629 \u0645\u064f\u0642\u0652\u0646\u0639\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0633\u0648\u0641 \u062a\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0637\u0639 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064f\u0651\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a: \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062a\u0636\u0645\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 (graph embedding) \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a FtM \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0631\u0648\u0636 \u062a\u0645\u0643\u0651\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0635\u062d\u0641\u064a\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0644\u0646\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u064b\u0627 \u062c\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0639\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645.<\/p>\n

\u0628\u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0645\u0651 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0643\u0644 \u0643\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a Aleph \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0636\u0645\u064a\u0646 (\u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0633\u0647\u0645 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633) \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0621 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0652\u0633\u064e\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0646\u0627\u060c \u0628\u062d\u064a\u062b \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0648\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f.<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0641\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0633\u064a\u0642\u0648\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0643 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0644\u0627\u063a \u0639\u0646\u0647 \u0643\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0635\u062f\u0642. \u0625\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0631\u062d \u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644: “\u0647\u0644 \u0633\u0623\u0636\u0639 \u0633\u0645\u0639\u062a\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0643\u0651 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0645\u061f” \u0623\u0648 “\u0647\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0643\u0627\u0641\u064d \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0642\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0647\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629\u061f” \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0646\u0643 \u0633\u062a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062f\u0639 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0651.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/i>\u0646\u064f\u0634\u0650\u0631\u062a<\/i><\/a>\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0635\u0644\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 Medium.\u00a0 \u00a0\u0623\u064f\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0646\u0634\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0647\u0646\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0626\u0630\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0635\u0627\u062d\u0628\u0647\u0627.<\/i><\/p>\n

<\/a><\/p>\n

\u0641\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0634 \u0644\u064a\u0646\u062f\u0646\u0628\u0631\u063a<\/i><\/a> \u0647\u0648 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0651 \u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a \u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a. \u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0644\u0627\u063a \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0633\u0627\u062f \u0648\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0634 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0633\u0631\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0641\u0648.<\/i><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

English \u062c\u0632\u0621\u064c \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u062c\u0648\u062c\u0644\u0644\u0623\u064a \u0628\u062d\u062b \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a \u0644\u0640 \u062c\u0648\u062c\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u0646 \u0631\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629. \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2012\u060c \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0646\u062a Google \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0633\u064a\u062a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0639\u0646 “\u0623\u0634\u064a\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0639\u0646 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0644” (\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635\u0651). \u0623\u064a \u0623\u0646 Google \u0633\u062a\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0646\u0638\u064e\u0651\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3031114,"featured_media":262490,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_price":"","_stock":"","_tribe_ticket_header":"","_tribe_default_ticket_provider":"","_tribe_ticket_capacity":"0","_ticket_start_date":"","_ticket_end_date":"","_tribe_ticket_show_description":"","_tribe_ticket_show_not_going":false,"_tribe_ticket_use_global_stock":"","_tribe_ticket_global_stock_level":"","_global_stock_mode":"","_global_stock_cap":"","_tribe_rsvp_for_event":"","_tribe_ticket_going_count":"","_tribe_ticket_not_going_count":"","_tribe_tickets_list":"[]","_tribe_ticket_has_attendee_info_fields":false,"republication-tracker-tool-hide-widget":false,"footnotes":"","_tec_slr_enabled":"","_tec_slr_layout":""},"categories":[23062],"tags":[20027,20028,20018],"gijn_topic":[],"series":[17772],"gijn_language":[17785],"gijn_region":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-262360","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","6":"hentry","7":"category-23062","8":"tag-occrp-ar","9":"tag---ar","11":"series-arabic-ar","12":"gijn_language-ar-ar"},"acf":[],"ticketed":false,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/gijn.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/262360","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/gijn.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/gijn.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gijn.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3031114"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gijn.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=262360"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/gijn.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/262360\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1223504,"href":"https:\/\/gijn.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/262360\/revisions\/1223504"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gijn.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/262490"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/gijn.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=262360"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gijn.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=262360"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gijn.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=262360"},{"taxonomy":"gijn_topic","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gijn.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/gijn_topic?post=262360"},{"taxonomy":"series","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gijn.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/series?post=262360"},{"taxonomy":"gijn_language","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gijn.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/gijn_language?post=262360"},{"taxonomy":"gijn_region","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gijn.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/gijn_region?post=262360"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}