{"id":198502,"date":"2019-12-09T17:00:44","date_gmt":"2019-12-09T21:00:44","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/gijn.org\/?p=198502"},"modified":"2023-09-05T15:39:30","modified_gmt":"2023-09-05T19:39:30","slug":"dlyl-almhqq-alasbwy-44","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/gijn.org\/ar\/%d9%82%d8%b5%d8%b5\/dlyl-almhqq-alasbwy-44\/","title":{"rendered":"\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0648\u0639\u064a"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

\u0648\u0627\u0634\u0646\u0637\u0646 \u0628\u0648\u0633\u062a: \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0645\u062f\u062a \u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0628\u0634\u0627\u0646 \u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0641\u063a\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0625\u0638\u0647\u0627\u0631 “\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0648\u0647\u0645\u064a”<\/strong><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u0646\u0634\u0631\u062a \u0635\u062d\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0634\u0646\u0637\u0646 \u0628\u0648\u0633\u062a \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0623\u0637\u0644\u0642\u062a \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u0645 “\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0623\u0641\u063a\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646<\/a>” \u0623\u0643\u062f\u062a \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0632\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0641\u063a\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0630\u0644\u0643. \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062b\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0643\u062f\u062a \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a \u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0641\u063a\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0642\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u062e\u0641\u0648\u0627 \u062d\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0641\u063a\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a.<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0648\u062b\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0643\u0634\u0641\u062a \u0639\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0635\u062d\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0634\u0646\u0637\u0646 \u0628\u0648\u0633\u062a \u062a\u0624\u0643\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636\u00a0 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0631\u062f\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0646\u0642\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0646 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u062d\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0636\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a.<\/p>\n

\u062a\u0624\u0643\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062b\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u062c\u0648\u0631\u062c \u0628\u0648\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0648\u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0623\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0645\u0627\u060c \u0636\u0644\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0639\u0646 \u0642\u0635\u062f \u0648 \u0643\u0631\u0631\u062a \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629\u00a0 \u062a\u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0648 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0648\u0636\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0646\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062b\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062a\u062a\u062e\u0628\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0623\u0641\u063a\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0623\u0646 \u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u062a\u0636\u062d \u0623\u0628\u062f\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u063a\u0645\u0648\u0636 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0648\u0627\u0634\u0646\u0637\u0646.<\/p>\n

\n

\u00a0\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0647\u064a\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0646 \u062a\u062f\u0639\u0648\u0643\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0635\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a<\/strong><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>\u0647\u0644 \u062a\u0648\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629\u061f<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0636 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0647\u0648 \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0635\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u063a\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u064a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0625\u0644\u0649<\/strong>
\n– \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0643\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0643\u064a\u064a\u0641 \u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0635\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a.
\n– \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0643\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0641\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0646\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062e\u0628\u0627\u0631\u064a.<\/p>\n

\u00a0\u0643\u0645 \u0647\u064a \u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u061f<\/strong>
\n\u0646\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u063a\u0631\u0642 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 15 \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0643\u0645 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628\u061f
\n.\u0633\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 1000 \u0635\u062d\u0641\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0633\u064a\u064f\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629<\/p>\n

\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u062a\u061f<\/strong>
\n\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0633\u064a\u064f\u0637\u0631\u062d \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0641 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0635\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645.<\/p>\n

\u00a0\u0625\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0643\u0645 \u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u062e\u0627\u0648\u0641 \u0623\u0648 \u0634\u0643\u0627\u0648\u0649: \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0644\u064a\u0646\u062f\u064a\u062a\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0627\u060c \u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630\u0629 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a lcamaj@uh.edu \u0623\u0648 \u0631\u0642\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u062a\u0641: 713-743 -1656.<\/p>\n

\u0623\u0648 \u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0648\u0627 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637<\/a><\/p>\n

\n

\u0648\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062a\u0631\u0632 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0648\u062f\u0643\u0627\u0633\u062a!<\/strong><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>\u0628\u062f\u0621\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0662\u0660\u0662\u0660\u060c \u0633\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u062c\u0627\u0626\u0632\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062a\u0632\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0629\u00a0 \u062d\u0633\u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062a\u0632\u0631 \u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0645\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0636\u064a.<\/p>\n

\u0633\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0645\u0646\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0626\u0632\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u064a\u0626\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0628\u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0641\u0626\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062a\u0632\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633\u0629 \u0639\u0634\u0631\u0629\u061b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0622\u062e\u0631\u0647\u0627\u00a0 \u0641\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a.<\/p>\n

https:\/\/twitter.com\/lpolgreen\/status\/1202687092373016579?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw%7Ctwcamp%5Etweetembed%7Ctwterm%5E1202687092373016579&ref_url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.niemanlab.org%2F2019%2F12%2Fin-2020-podcasts-will-be-able-to-win-pulitzers-oh-and-radio-too%2F<\/p>\n

\u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0631\u0649 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u062f\u0643\u0627\u0633\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0641\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u062c\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u062a\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0623\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0626\u0632\u0629 “\u0634\u0627\u0626\u062e \u0648\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0643\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0629”.<\/p>\n

\u0645\u0627 \u0631\u0623\u064a\u0643\u0645\u061f<\/p>\n

\n

\u0641\u0636\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639: <\/strong>\u0645\u0646 \u064a\u0645\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0645\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0634\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646\u061f<\/strong><\/p>\n

\"Sudan<\/p>\n

\u0641\u064a \u0623\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0644 2019 \u060c \u0623\u062f\u062a \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u0646 30 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629. \u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646 \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0645.<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0634\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0629 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639 (RSF) \u0647\u064a \u0623\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0634\u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646. \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u0623\u0633\u0647\u0627\u00a0 \u064a\u0642\u0641 \u0631\u062c\u0644 \u064a\u062f\u0639\u0649 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u062d\u0645\u062f\u062a\u064a.<\/p>\n

\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u062d\u0645\u062f\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2003 \u0643\u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u062c\u0648\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0634\u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0641\u0648\u0631 \u0623\u0633\u0641\u0631\u062a \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u062a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646.<\/p>\n

\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0629\u060c \u064a\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0647\u0648\u062f \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0634\u064a\u0627 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u062d\u0645\u062f\u064a\u062a\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0642\u062a\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0624\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0637\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e 3 \u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0648\/\u062d\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 2019 \u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0623\u0628\u0644\u063a\u062a \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u062a\u0644 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 100 \u0634\u062e\u0635. \u062a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062a\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0645\u0639 \u0646\u0645\u0637 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0643\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0643\u0628\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0648\u0623\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u062c\u0648\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0641\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646 . \u0646\u0641\u0649 \u062d\u064a\u0645\u062f\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0631\u0637 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u062a\u0647.<\/p>\n

\u062a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062b\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062d\u0635\u0644\u062a \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 Global Witness\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u062d\u0645\u064a\u062f\u062a\u064a \u0648 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639. \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0630\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0647\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0645\u0634\u0628\u0648\u0647\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0648\u062b\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u062a\u064f\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0646\u064f\u0634\u0631\u062a \u0628\u0639\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u062b\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644 \u0628\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0637\u0629 \u0642\u0646\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062e\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u062d\u0635\u0644\u062a \u062c\u0644\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0646\u0633 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u062b\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642.<\/a><\/p>\n

\n

\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u0648\u0627\u0634\u0646\u0637\u0646 \u0628\u0648\u0633\u062a: \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0645\u062f\u062a \u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0628\u0634\u0627\u0646 \u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0641\u063a\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0625\u0638\u0647\u0627\u0631 “\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0648\u0647\u0645\u064a” \u0646\u0634\u0631\u062a \u0635\u062d\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0634\u0646\u0637\u0646 \u0628\u0648\u0633\u062a \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0623\u0637\u0644\u0642\u062a \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u0645 “\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0623\u0641\u063a\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646” \u0623\u0643\u062f\u062a \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0632\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0641\u063a\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0630\u0644\u0643. \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062b\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3031114,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_price":"","_stock":"","_tribe_ticket_header":"","_tribe_default_ticket_provider":"","_tribe_ticket_capacity":"0","_ticket_start_date":"","_ticket_end_date":"","_tribe_ticket_show_description":"","_tribe_ticket_show_not_going":false,"_tribe_ticket_use_global_stock":"","_tribe_ticket_global_stock_level":"","_global_stock_mode":"","_global_stock_cap":"","_tribe_rsvp_for_event":"","_tribe_ticket_going_count":"","_tribe_ticket_not_going_count":"","_tribe_tickets_list":"[]","_tribe_ticket_has_attendee_info_fields":false,"republication-tracker-tool-hide-widget":false,"footnotes":"","_tec_slr_enabled":"","_tec_slr_layout":""},"categories":[23062],"tags":[20013,20014],"gijn_topic":[],"series":[17780,17772],"gijn_language":[17785],"gijn_region":[],"class_list":["post-198502","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-23062","tag----ar","tag---ar","series----ar","series-arabic-ar","gijn_language-ar-ar"],"acf":[],"ticketed":false,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/gijn.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/198502","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/gijn.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/gijn.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gijn.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3031114"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gijn.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=198502"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/gijn.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/198502\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1223576,"href":"https:\/\/gijn.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/198502\/revisions\/1223576"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/gijn.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=198502"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gijn.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=198502"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gijn.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=198502"},{"taxonomy":"gijn_topic","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gijn.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/gijn_topic?post=198502"},{"taxonomy":"series","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gijn.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/series?post=198502"},{"taxonomy":"gijn_language","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gijn.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/gijn_language?post=198502"},{"taxonomy":"gijn_region","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gijn.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/gijn_region?post=198502"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}