{"id":1672223,"date":"2023-09-11T03:00:51","date_gmt":"2023-09-11T07:00:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/gijn.org\/%d8%ba%d9%8a%d8%b1-%d9%85%d8%b5%d9%86%d9%81\/reporters-guide-to-investigating-war-crimes-collecting-and-archiving-evidence-and-information\/"},"modified":"2024-08-04T04:57:12","modified_gmt":"2024-08-04T08:57:12","slug":"reporters-guide-to-investigating-war-crimes-collecting-and-archiving-evidence-and-information","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/gijn.org\/ar\/%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d9%88%d8%a7%d8%b1%d8%af\/reporters-guide-to-investigating-war-crimes-collecting-and-archiving-evidence-and-information\/","title":{"rendered":"Investigating War Crimes: Collecting and Archiving Evidence and Information"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><i style=\"color: #333333; font-size: 17px;\">Editor\u2019s Note: The end of this chapter features a special focus interview by Olivier Holmey with The Reckoning Project\u2019s chief legal data archivist, <\/i><a rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"font-size: 17px;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.thereckoningproject.com\/team\"><i>Raji Abdul Salam<\/i><\/a><i style=\"color: #333333; font-size: 17px;\">, who has experience gathering evidence and testimony for use in war crimes trials in Syria, Iraq, and, now, Ukraine.<\/i><\/p>\n<p>Strong evidence, whether physical or digital, is the foundation of any investigation. Securing robust evidence may be the most daunting of many challenges, but it\u2019s what distinguishes investigative journalism from news coverage or enterprise stories.<\/p>\n<aside class=\"module align-right half type-pull-quote\">Obtaining evidence is not the same as publishing evidence.<\/aside>\n<p>Evidence comes in many forms: from interviewing sources and witnesses and corroborating information; from physical documents such as court records, company incorporation documents, and identification; and in digital form, such as databases of leaked documents, screenshots of conversations, audio recordings of testimonies, or video clips.<\/p>\n<p>Without evidence, investigative journalists would be easily challenged and discredited in the public sphere, on social media, and in the courts.<\/p>\n<p>Obtaining evidence is not the same as publishing evidence. On some occasions, journalists refer to evidence without actually publishing it, for instance to protect sources or to disclose information not covered in their investigation. On others, journalists may be authorized to publish all or parts of the evidence they have.<\/p>\n<p>There are numerous ways to obtain evidence. The simplest is open source research, such as gathering information from social media and online databases<b>. <\/b>There are many resources and websites that can help journalists obtain information that can reveal connections between individuals, company ownership, properties, yachts, or geolocation \u2014 simply by registering, or for a small fee. Among them: <a rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/sayari.com\/\">Sayari<\/a>, <a rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/offshoreleaks.icij.org\/\">ICIJ<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/helpdesk.gijn.org\/support\/solutions\/articles\/14000036502-reporting-tips-and-tools\">GIJN<\/a>, and <a rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/aleph.occrp.org\/\">OCCRP.<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Other types of evidence are exclusive, for instance when sources leak paper or digital documents. There are various ways to share sensitive documents, such as a secure submission system such as <a rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/securedrop.org\/\">SecureDrop<\/a>, encrypted messaging apps such as <a rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/signal.org\/en\/\">Signal<\/a>, encrypted email services such as <a rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/mail.proton.me\/\">Proton<\/a>, or even by traditional mail.<\/p>\n<p>The next stage of collecting evidence is to share it securely with a close network of reporters working on the story. The <a rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.icij.org\/\">International Consortium of Investigative Journalists<\/a> (ICIJ) has mastered the collection, filtering, and sharing of millions of records with a large number of journalists. One of its recent investigations, the <a rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/pandora-papers\/\">Pandora Papers<\/a>, was one of the largest journalism collaboration projects to date and involved sharing millions of documents \u2014 on an encrypted platform \u2014 among more than 600 reporters in 117 countries and territories, so that local journalists could make the best use of the data, which provided strong evidence of how world leaders have used offshore jurisdictions to hide their money.<\/p>\n<p>After sharing information, journalists need to find ways to effectively analyze and filter data, especially if there is a lot of it. Google\u2019s free tool, <a rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/journaliststudio.google.com\/pinpoint\/about\">Pinpoint<\/a>, uses artificial intelligence to help journalists <a href=\"https:\/\/gijn.org\/stories\/making-video-audio-files-searchable\/\">organize and manage massive troves of data<\/a> by identifying named people, organizations, and places appearing in uploaded documents, including transcripts of audio and video files. Other tools include Excel sheets, <a rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.datawrapper.de\/\">Datawrapper<\/a>, <a rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/openrefine.org\/\">OpenRefine<\/a>, and <a rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/linkurious.com\/\">Linkurious<\/a>.<\/p>\n<aside class=\"module align-right half type-pull-quote\">Keeping everything in an organized, safe, and encrypted location is important for an investigation\u2019s credibility.<\/aside>\n<p>After publishing the investigation, the next step is to archive and store the evidence, perhaps in a safe, secret place, somewhere accessible only to fellow journalists, or even publicly on an open platform. For example, the <a rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/c4ads.org\/multimedia\/the-c4ads-dubai-property-database\/\">C4ADS Dubai Property Database<\/a> \u2014 maintained by the US nonprofit <a rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/c4ads.org\/\">Center For Advanced Defense Studies<\/a> (which is funded in part by US government grants) \u2014 collects data on property ownership to show how illicit networks, transnational criminals, kleptocrats, oligarchs, and others exploit the UAE property market.<\/p>\n<p>Journalists must often grapple with questions about the reliability of their information, including queries from their editors. Legal departments will ask journalists to provide evidence to support a published story if it has come under scrutiny.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_651311\" style=\"width: 311px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-651311\" class=\"wp-image-651311 \" src=\"https:\/\/gijn.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/Blood-stains-on-wall-Tripoli-Libya-2011.jpg\" alt=\"war crimes collecting evidence, Blood stains on wall, Tripoli, Libya, 2011\" width=\"301\" height=\"452\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-651311\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Blood stains the walls of a hospital in Tripoli, Libya, where numerous bodies were found abandoned after what appeared to be execution-style killings during the Arab Spring uprising, 2011. Image: Courtesy of Ron Haviv, VII<\/p><\/div>\n<p>At times, journalists might receive a new tip or information, or hear from a whistleblower offering new information that sheds light on previously reported issues in the same investigation. Keeping everything in an organized, safe, and encrypted location is important for an investigation\u2019s credibility. Having everything in one place also helps journalists work out new elements to investigate, and whether it\u2019s worth the time and effort.<\/p>\n<p><a rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/\">Bellingcat<\/a> shares information on <a rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/reutersinstitute.politics.ox.ac.uk\/news\/how-bellingcat-collects-verifies-and-archives-digital-evidence-war-crimes-ukraine\">ways to archive digital evidence<\/a>, such as working with <a rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/mnemonic.org\/\">Mnemonic<\/a>, an NGO \u201cdedicated to archiving, investigating and memorializing digital information documenting human rights violations and international crimes.\u201d Mnemonic collaborates with Bellingcat and the <a rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.glanlaw.org\/\">Global Legal Action Network<\/a> to preserve an<a rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.glanlaw.org\/airstrike-evidence-database-yemen\"> evidence database of airstrikes in Yemen<\/a> and document civilian casualties; a similar project for a digital archive to <a rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.glanlaw.org\/ukraine-investigations\">document atrocities in Ukraine<\/a> is being developed. The nonprofit <a rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/yemendataproject.org\/data.html\">Yemen Data Project<\/a> also collects and disseminates data on airstrikes and conduct in Yemen\u2019s civil war.<\/p>\n<p>Journalists have relied on the <a rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/web\/\">Wayback Machine<\/a>, maintained by the nonprofit digital library <a rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/\">Internet Archive<\/a>, to <a href=\"https:\/\/gijn.org\/ar\/%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d9%88%d8%a7%d8%b1%d8%af\/%d9%86%d8%b5%d8%a7%d8%a6%d8%ad-%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%b3%d8%aa%d8%ae%d8%af%d8%a7%d9%85%d9%88%d9%8a%d8%a8%d8%a7%d9%83-%d9%85%d8%a7%d8%b4%d9%8a%d9%86-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d8%aa%d8%ad%d9%82%d9%8a%d9%82%d9%83-%d8%a7\/\">find archived pages and websites<\/a> from websites that might have gone offline. The Wayback Machine preserves the content of many websites after they\u2019ve been deleted or have disappeared from the internet.<\/p>\n<p>However, it&#8217;s important to keep in mind that it is not a newsroom or journalist&#8217;s job to present evidence to a legal proceeding or collaborate with a prosecution of alleged war crimes. This comes down to each individual&#8217;s personal ethics. Some choose to work with these authorities, but others do not.<\/p>\n<div class=\"special-focus\">\n<h4><b>Special Focus: Gathering Court-Admissible Evidence of War Crimes<\/b><\/h4>\n<p><i>Interview of <\/i><a rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.thereckoningproject.com\/team\"><i>Raji Abdul Salam<\/i><\/a><i>, by Olivier Holmey <\/i><\/p>\n<p>Raji Abdul Salam is the chief legal data analyst with <a rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.thereckoningproject.com\/\">The Reckoning Project<\/a>, a team of multimedia journalists, documentary filmmakers, academics, lawyers, and researchers documenting war crimes in Ukraine. Abdul Salam has experience documenting war crimes and crimes against humanity in Syria and Iraq, including for prosecutions of war criminals under universal jurisdiction in Germany, Sweden, and Belgium.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_645458\" style=\"width: 260px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-645458\" class=\" wp-image-645458\" src=\"https:\/\/gijn.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/Raji-Abdul-Salam-profile-picture-The-Reckoning-Project.png\" alt=\"war crimes Ukraine evidence\" width=\"250\" height=\"303\" srcset=\"https:\/\/gijn.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/Raji-Abdul-Salam-profile-picture-The-Reckoning-Project.png 386w, https:\/\/gijn.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/Raji-Abdul-Salam-profile-picture-The-Reckoning-Project-336x407.png 336w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 250px) 100vw, 250px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-645458\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Raji Abdul Salam, chief legal data archivist at The Reckoning Project. Image: Screenshot, The Reckoning Project<\/p><\/div>\n<p>He tells GIJN that collecting and preparing evidence for potential use in a criminal prosecution requires implementing an exceptionally rigorous methodology.<\/p>\n<p>One must first make sure that each witness is both physically and mentally fit to give evidence, Salam says. To that end, interviewers must receive extensive training on how to recognize and handle trauma.<\/p>\n<p>Once it is established that interviews can proceed, the interviewer must avoid asking leading questions. \u201cWe just ask what happened,\u201d he explains.<\/p>\n<p>It\u2019s also imperative that interviewees are not merely repeating a memorized account. Journalists must ensure that outside sources \u2014 media reports or therapy sessions, for example \u2014 have not tainted the testimony, by introducing new elements beyond what the subjects have witnessed. \u201cThe verification process is a headache because of all of these contamination elements, but you have to do your work,\u201d Abdul Salam says.<\/p>\n<p>The interviews are transcribed in three stages.<\/p>\n<p>First, write down everything that the witness has said, even elements that might seem fantastical or out of chronological order.<\/p>\n<p>Then, create an empirical statement, now in chronological order, that excludes anything superfluous. \u201cThat means it only has the facts,\u201d Abdul Salam says. \u201cI was detained at this time; my hands were tied at this time; they beat me at this time; I got released at this time; they shot me at this time; I saw them shooting someone at this time. Fact, fact, fact.\u201d<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_651312\" style=\"width: 781px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-651312\" class=\"size-large wp-image-651312\" src=\"https:\/\/gijn.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/The-remains-of-identity-cards-of-Kosovar-Albanians-from-a-refugee-convoy-that-was-attacked-by-Serb-forces-in-Meja-Kosovo-June-15-1999-771x500.jpg\" alt=\"war crimes, collecting evidence The remains of identity cards of Kosovar Albanians from a refugee convoy that was attacked by Serb forces in Meja, Kosovo, June 15, 1999\" width=\"771\" height=\"500\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-651312\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">The remains of identity cards of Kosovar Albanians from a refugee convoy that was attacked by Serb forces in Meja, Kosovo, 1999. Image: Courtesy of Ron Haviv, VII<\/p><\/div>\n<p>Finally, compare that testimony to all the others that have been gathered, as well as to material evidence. That determines which elements can and cannot be relied upon.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cEverything has to be coherent,\u201d Abdul Salam emphasizes. \u201cCoherency helps you ensure that you always have a solid statement. Because don\u2019t forget: these people have to go before the court. Anything that does not make sense weakens the witness so they get dismissed.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Once each statement has been fully prepared, witnesses sign a consent form, which allows The Reckoning Project to hold the information it has collected and to use it in specific ways, including for publication and for transmission to public prosecutors. \u201cThe consent letter is a form of legal protection for witnesses, but is not legally binding on them,\u201d Abdul Salam says. \u201cThat means the witness has his or her right at any point not to testify.\u201d<\/p>\n<aside class=\"module align-right half type-pull-quote\">&#8220;We are not the judges, we are not the prosecutors, we are just aiding justice.&#8221; \u2014 The Reckoning Project&#8217;s Raji Abdul Salam<\/aside>\n<p>But witness statements are insufficient to prove a war crime, he cautions. \u201cFor a successful case, to start it you need a human testimony\u2026 but to end it, you need strong supporting evidence.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>To be admissible in court, videos, photos, documents, and other forms of supporting evidence have to be verified \u2014 an onerous process \u2014 and their journey from production to collection \u2014 their \u201cchain of custody\u201d \u2013 has to be carefully recorded.<\/p>\n<p>He recommends implementing the <a rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20230410204534\/https:\/\/www.ohchr.org\/sites\/default\/files\/2022-04\/OHCHR_BerkeleyProtocol.pdf\">Berkeley Protocol<\/a> for open source investigations when collecting digital evidence of mass crimes. \u201cIt\u2019s a long process, it\u2019s not easy at all,\u201d he warns.<\/p>\n<p>Once the information has been collected, data analysis programs such as <a rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/atlasti.com\/?x-source=gsa&amp;x-campaign=qdaai&amp;x-id=147048052029&amp;x-term=qda&amp;gclid=CjwKCAjwpuajBhBpEiwA_ZtfhRrJojUnskP5Pxo0WpII4UTrFcYbUAufIRLkMr_8dytjwzXTNbLeTxoCDR8QAvD_BwE\">ATLAS.ti <\/a>or Excel can help establish patterns of behavior. To prove war crimes or crimes against humanity, hundreds of consistent pieces of evidence are necessary, so these types of tools help sift through the mass of data to establish that attacks are methodical and systematic, he says.<\/p>\n<p>When it comes to sharing one\u2019s findings with the justice system, Abdul Salam says one should bear in mind how overworked prosecutors are. \u201cThey are already inundated by the number and complexity of crimes they are investigating,\u201d he explains. For that reason, it is important to submit concise statements that clearly lay out the testimonies gathered, the supporting evidence, the patterns detected, the methodology used, and the relevant legal arguments. Prosecutors are far more likely to pay attention to such a digestible, well-crafted file. \u201cIf you send them a document that is weak, they will not trust you next time,\u201d he says. \u201cYou build trust with them case after case after case.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>But however hard one works, courts could always reach a different conclusion. \u201cWe are not the judges, we are not the prosecutors, we are just aiding justice,\u201d he reminds reporters. \u201cIf they have a different argument or different verdict, we have to respect it.\u201d<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<h4>Additional Resources<\/h4>\n<p class=\"entry-title\"><em><a href=\"https:\/\/gijn.org\/ar\/%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d9%88%d8%a7%d8%b1%d8%af\/%d8%af%d9%84%d9%8a%d9%84-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%b3%d9%84-%d9%84%d9%84%d8%aa%d9%91%d8%ad%d9%82%d9%8a%d9%82-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d8%ac%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%a6%d9%85-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ad%d8%b1%d8%a8-%d8%a7-5\/\">Reporter\u2019s Guide to Investigating War Crimes: Open Source Research<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n<p class=\"entry-title\"><em><a href=\"https:\/\/gijn.org\/ar\/%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d9%88%d8%a7%d8%b1%d8%af\/%d8%af%d9%84%d9%8a%d9%84-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%b3%d9%84-%d9%84%d9%84%d8%aa%d9%91%d8%ad%d9%82%d9%8a%d9%82-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d8%ac%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%a6%d9%85-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ad%d8%b1%d8%a8-%d8%a7\/\">Reporter\u2019s Guide to Investigating War Crimes: Attacks on Civilians<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/gijn.org\/resource\/reporters-guide-to-investigating-war-crimes-conflict-related-sexual-violence\/\"><em>Reporter\u2019s Guide to Investigating War Crimes: Conflict-Related Sexual Violence<\/em><\/a><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-635126 alignleft\" src=\"https:\/\/gijn.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/Maggie-Michael-bio-photo.png\" alt=\"Maggie Michael, ICIJ\" width=\"153\" height=\"154\" srcset=\"https:\/\/gijn.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/Maggie-Michael-bio-photo.png 394w, https:\/\/gijn.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/Maggie-Michael-bio-photo-336x338.png 336w, https:\/\/gijn.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/Maggie-Michael-bio-photo-140x140.png 140w, https:\/\/gijn.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/Maggie-Michael-bio-photo-60x60.png 60w, https:\/\/gijn.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/Maggie-Michael-bio-photo-390x396.png 390w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 153px) 100vw, 153px\" \/><a rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/mokhbersahafi\"><b><i>Maggie Michael<\/i><\/b><\/a><i> is an investigative journalist at Reuters who previously reported for ICIJ out of Cairo, Egypt, from 2021 until February, 2023. She has more than 15 years of experience covering conflicts across the Middle East, and has gained deep knowledge of its political, social, and cultural dynamics. In 2019, she was part of an Associated Press team that won many international awards, including the Pulitzer Prize for international reporting, Michael Kelly Award, IRE, and McGill Medal for Courage for groundbreaking investigations of corruption, torture, and other war crimes in Yemen, a country plagued by protracted civil war.<\/i><\/p>\n<p><em><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-637803 alignleft\" src=\"https:\/\/gijn.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/Screen-Shot-2023-05-08-at-10.48.23-AM-2.png\" alt=\"Ron Haviv, VII Foundation\" width=\"153\" height=\"154\" srcset=\"https:\/\/gijn.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/Screen-Shot-2023-05-08-at-10.48.23-AM-2.png 582w, https:\/\/gijn.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/Screen-Shot-2023-05-08-at-10.48.23-AM-2-336x337.png 336w, https:\/\/gijn.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/Screen-Shot-2023-05-08-at-10.48.23-AM-2-140x140.png 140w, https:\/\/gijn.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/Screen-Shot-2023-05-08-at-10.48.23-AM-2-60x60.png 60w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 153px) 100vw, 153px\" \/><\/em><a rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ronhaviv.com\/bio\"><b><i>Ron Haviv<\/i><\/b><\/a><i> is a director and co-founder of <\/i><a rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/theviifoundation.org\/vii-photo\/\"><i>The VII Foundation<\/i><\/a><i> and co-founder of VII Photo Agency. In the last three decades, Haviv has covered more than 25 conflicts and worked in over 100 countries. His work, which has won numerous awards, is featured in museums and galleries worldwide.<\/i><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Reuters investigative journalist Maggie Michael offers tips for collecting and archiving evidence of atrocities.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3031185,"featured_media":1216597,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_price":"","_stock":"","_tribe_ticket_header":"","_tribe_default_ticket_provider":"","_tribe_ticket_capacity":"0","_ticket_start_date":"","_ticket_end_date":"","_tribe_ticket_show_description":"","_tribe_ticket_show_not_going":false,"_tribe_ticket_use_global_stock":"","_tribe_ticket_global_stock_level":"","_global_stock_mode":"","_global_stock_cap":"","_tribe_rsvp_for_event":"","_tribe_ticket_going_count":"","_tribe_ticket_not_going_count":"","_tribe_tickets_list":"[]","_tribe_ticket_has_attendee_info_fields":false,"republication-tracker-tool-hide-widget":false,"footnotes":"","_tec_slr_enabled":"","_tec_slr_layout":""},"categories":[23058,23059,23056],"tags":[25074,25075,24929,24930,25076,25077,25078,22852,25079,24933],"gijn_topic":[],"series":[17069],"gijn_language":[],"gijn_region":[],"class_list":["post-1672223","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-23058","category-23059","category-23056","tag-digital-evidence-ar","tag-digital-evidence-archive-ar","tag-investigating-war-crimes-ar","tag-investigative-journalism-ar","tag-open-sourch-research-ar","tag-osint-ar","tag-verification-ar","tag-war-crimes-ar","tag-war-crimes-evidence-ar","tag-war-reporting-ar","series-war-crimes-reporting-guide"],"acf":[],"ticketed":false,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/gijn.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1672223","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/gijn.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/gijn.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gijn.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3031185"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gijn.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1672223"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/gijn.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1672223\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1672224,"href":"https:\/\/gijn.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1672223\/revisions\/1672224"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gijn.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1216597"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/gijn.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1672223"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gijn.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1672223"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gijn.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1672223"},{"taxonomy":"gijn_topic","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gijn.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/gijn_topic?post=1672223"},{"taxonomy":"series","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gijn.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/series?post=1672223"},{"taxonomy":"gijn_language","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gijn.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/gijn_language?post=1672223"},{"taxonomy":"gijn_region","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gijn.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/gijn_region?post=1672223"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}