{"id":1238518,"date":"2023-10-21T15:27:45","date_gmt":"2023-10-21T19:27:45","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/gijn.org\/?p=1238518"},"modified":"2023-10-21T15:27:45","modified_gmt":"2023-10-21T19:27:45","slug":"%d8%af%d9%84%d9%8a%d9%84-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%b3%d9%84-%d9%84%d9%84%d8%aa%d9%91%d8%ad%d9%82%d9%8a%d9%82-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d8%ac%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%a6%d9%85-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ad%d8%b1%d8%a8-%d8%a7-3","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/gijn.org\/ar\/%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d9%88%d8%a7%d8%b1%d8%af\/%d8%af%d9%84%d9%8a%d9%84-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%b3%d9%84-%d9%84%d9%84%d8%aa%d9%91%d8%ad%d9%82%d9%8a%d9%82-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d8%ac%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%a6%d9%85-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ad%d8%b1%d8%a8-%d8%a7-3\/","title":{"rendered":"\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0651\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628: \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629 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rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.icrc.org\/en\/war-and-law\/treaties-customary-law\/customary-law\">\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u0648\u0644\u064a<\/a> \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0651.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\" style=\"text-align: right;\">\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u062e\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0642\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u060c \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0651\u0646\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0646 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\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\" style=\"text-align: right;\">\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0644\u0632\u0650\u0645\u0629\u064c \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0651\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0635\u0627\u062f\u0642\u062a \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627. \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0638\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0651\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0642\u062f &#8220;\u062a\u062a\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0631&#8221; \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 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target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/ihl-databases.icrc.org\/en\/customary-ihl\/v1\">\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062d\u062f\u0651\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0651<\/a> \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0651.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\" style=\"text-align: right;\">\u0644\u0645 \u064a\u062a\u0645\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0650\u0628\u0644 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645. \u0648\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0644\u0645 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\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627 \u062d\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u062e\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0642\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0643 \u0628\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 <a rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.hi-us.org\/news_a_cluster_munitions_weapons_made_to_massacre\">\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a<\/a>\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u0648\u0644\u064a\u00a0 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u0648\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647\u0627 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href=\"https:\/\/guide-humanitarian-law.org\/content\/article\/3\/weapons\/\">\u00a0\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0631\u0628\u0643\u064f \u0643\u062b\u0631\u0629\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626<\/a> \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u062e\u0627\u0635\u064e \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0651\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0651\u0629. \u062d\u062a\u0651\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u064f\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0651\u0639 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0637\u0651\u0644\u0627\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f\u060c \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627 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\u0627\u0644\u0630\u062e\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0642\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0643\u064a\u062f \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u060c \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0644\u0648 \u062a\u0637\u0644\u0651\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u062e\u0628\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u064a\u0624\u0643\u0651\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_651459\" style=\"width: 334px\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\"><a href=\"https:\/\/gijn.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/CAT-UXO-e1689281743199.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-651459\" class=\"wp-image-651459\" src=\"https:\/\/gijn.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/CAT-UXO-e1689281743199.png\" alt=\"war crimes banned weapons unexploded ordnance resource\" width=\"324\" height=\"134\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-651459\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629: \u0644\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0634\u0629 \u060cCAT-UXO<\/p><\/div>\n<p dir=\"rtl\" style=\"text-align: right;\">\u00a0\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639<a rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/cat-uxo.com\/\"> \u0645\u062b\u0644 CAT-UXO<\/a> \u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f\u0651\u064f \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0632\u064b\u0627 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062b\u0644 <a rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.atlanticcouncil.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/Breaking-Aleppo_English.pdf\">\u00a0\u0625\u0633\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u062d\u0644\u0628<\/a>\u00a0 \u0648<a rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.atlanticcouncil.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/Breaking-Ghouta_English.pdf\">\u0625\u0633\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0648\u0637\u0629<\/a> \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0639\u062f\u0651\u0647\u0627 Atlantic Council \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0627 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\" style=\"text-align: right;\"><b>\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u064f\u062e\u0636\u0639\u064f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645\u061f<\/b><\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\" style=\"text-align: right;\">\u064a\u062e\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0645\u0628\u062f\u0626\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0628\u062f\u0623\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u060c \u0648\u062d\u0638\u0651\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0633\u0628\u0651\u064f\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0646\u0627\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u0645\u0628\u0631\u0651\u0631 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u0625\u0635\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0645\u064f\u0641\u0652\u0631\u0650\u0637\u0629. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0628 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\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0646\u0641\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629. \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u064f\u062e\u062f\u0650\u0645\u062a \u0636\u062f\u0651 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629\u0650 \u062a\u062c\u0645\u0651\u064f\u0639 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629\u064d \u0642\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u0633\u0637\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0651\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062d\u0631\u0628 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0651 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0651\u0644\u0627\u062d.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\" style=\"text-align: right;\">\u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u062a\u0645\u0651 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 MOAB \u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u064a\u0633\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0642\u062a\u0644\u0650 \u0631\u062c\u0644\u064d \u0645\u0633\u0644\u0651\u062d \u0628\u0628\u0646\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0645\u0646 \u0634\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0643\u062f \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0633\u062a\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0651\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0645\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628. \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0648\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629 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style=\"text-align: right;\"><b>&#8211;\u00a0<a rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.un.org\/disarmament\/anti-personnel-landmines-convention\/\">\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629<\/a><\/b><b> \u0623\u0648\u062a\u0627\u0648\u0627<\/b>\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641\u0629 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u062a\u0651\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0638\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u062a\u062e\u0632\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0648\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0648\u062a\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0645.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\" style=\"text-align: right;\">\u062a\u062d\u0638\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 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\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0650 \u0623\u0648 \u062c\u0631\u062d\u0650 \u0623\u0648 \u0642\u062a\u0644\u0650 \u0634\u062e\u0635\u064d \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631&#8221;. \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\" style=\"text-align: right;\">\u0648\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0650 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f <a rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/ihl-databases.icrc.org\/en\/customary-ihl\/v1\/rule81\">\u0645\u062d\u0638\u0648\u0631<\/a>\u064c \u0628\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u0648\u0644\u064a.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\" style=\"text-align: right;\"><b>&#8211;\u00a0<a rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/disarmament.unoda.org\/the-convention-on-certain-conventional-weapons\/\">\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629<\/a><\/b><b> CCW<\/b><\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\" style=\"text-align: right;\">\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0651\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0651\u0631\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0634\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0632\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0628\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0649. \u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u0638\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u062a\u0642\u064a\u0651\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0627. \u0648\u0642\u0639\u062a \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639 \u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u0644\u0647\u0627\u00a0 126 \u0637\u0631\u0641\u064b\u0627.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\" style=\"text-align: right;\">\u0628\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u0648\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0642\u064a\u0648\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 <a rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/ihl-databases.icrc.org\/en\/customary-ihl\/v1\/rule81\">\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0645 <\/a>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c <a rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/ihl-databases.icrc.org\/en\/customary-ihl\/v1\/rule80\">\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0651\u0629<\/a>\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0631\u0642\u0629<a rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/ihl-databases.icrc.org\/en\/customary-ihl\/v1\/rule84\">\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0634\u0639\u0629 <\/a><a rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/ihl-databases.icrc.org\/en\/customary-ihl\/v1\/rule86\">\u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0632\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0628\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0649<\/a>.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_651456\" style=\"width: 781px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/gijn.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/Anti-personnel-mines-in-an-Al-Qada-house-in-Kabul.-Numerous-papers-with-chemical-formulas-weapon-and-flight-instructions-were-found-inside-the-house.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-651456\" class=\"wp-image-651456 size-large\" src=\"https:\/\/gijn.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/Anti-personnel-mines-in-an-Al-Qada-house-in-Kabul.-Numerous-papers-with-chemical-formulas-weapon-and-flight-instructions-were-found-inside-the-house-771x514.jpg\" alt=\"war crimes banned weapons anti-personnel mines Afghanistan\" width=\"771\" height=\"514\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-651456\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u0623\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0636\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0639\u064f\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0632\u0644 \u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0628\u0648\u0644\u060c \u0623\u0641\u063a\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0635\u064a\u063a \u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0637\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0646\u0649.<\/p><\/div>\n<p dir=\"rtl\" style=\"text-align: right;\"><b>&#8211;\u00a0<a rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.un.org\/disarmament\/convention-on-cluster-munitions\/\">\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0651\u062e\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0642\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0651\u0629<\/a><\/b><\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\" style=\"text-align: right;\">\u062a\u062d\u0638\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u062e\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0642\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0646\u0642\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u062e\u0632\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627. \u0648\u0628\u0644\u063a \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 108 \u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 110 \u062f\u0648\u0644.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\" style=\"text-align: right;\">\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0651\u0641 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u062e\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0642\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 &#8220;\u0633\u0644\u0627\u062d \u064a\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0651\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0648\u0632\u0651\u0650\u0639 \u062a\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u062e\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629&#8221;. \u0648\u062a\u062c\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0651\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\" style=\"text-align: right;\">\u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0642\u064a\u0648\u062f \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u062e\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0642\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u064f\u0639\u0631\u0651\u064e\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 &#8220;\u0633\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0639\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0628\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u062a\u0647&#8221;\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0627\u0644\u064a <a rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/ihl-databases.icrc.org\/en\/customary-ihl\/v1\/rule71\">\u0641\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u062d\u0638\u0648\u0631<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\" style=\"text-align: right;\"><b>&#8211;\u00a0<a rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.un.org\/disarmament\/biological-weapons\/\">\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629<\/a><\/b><\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\" style=\"text-align: right;\">\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0651\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0626\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0628\u0651\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0644\u0625\u064a\u0630\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0648 \u0642\u062a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0627\u062a\u0627\u062a. \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0638\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0651\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0632\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0646\u0642\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u062e\u0632\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0627. \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0641 <a rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/disarmament.unoda.org\/biological-weapons\/about\/membership-and-regional-groups\">185 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0648\u0642\u0639\u062a \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639 \u062f\u0648\u0644<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\" style=\"text-align: right;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0651\u0641 <a rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.who.int\/health-topics\/biological-weapons#tab=tab_1\">\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0651\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0651\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0651\u062d\u062f\u0629<\/a> \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629\u064e \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0651\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627: &#8220;\u0625\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0626\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0643\u062a\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0626\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0625\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0645\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u062a\u0633\u0628\u0628 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right;\">\u062a\u062d\u0638\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0651\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u062d\u064a\u0627\u0632\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u062e\u0632\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u0646\u0642\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0641. \u0648\u0628\u0644\u063a \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 165 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0641 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\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0651\u0645\u0648\u0639 \u0644\u0623\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0641\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0651\u063a\u0628 \u0645\u062b\u0644\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0648\u0632 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0644\u0629 <a rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.justsecurity.org\/76595\/clearing-the-fog-of-war-surrounding-battlefield-use-of-tear-gas\/\">\u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628<\/a>.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_651450\" style=\"width: 781px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/gijn.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/in-the-town-At-TaMim-in-Halabja-Iraq-on-July-81991.-This-woman-received-her-scars-from-when-Halabja-was-annihilated-by-poison-gas-in-1988.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-651450\" class=\"wp-image-651450 size-large\" src=\"https:\/\/gijn.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/in-the-town-At-TaMim-in-Halabja-Iraq-on-July-81991.-This-woman-received-her-scars-from-when-Halabja-was-annihilated-by-poison-gas-in-1988-771x515.jpg\" alt=\"war crimes banned weapons chemical attack Iraq Kurdistan Halabja massacre\" width=\"771\" height=\"515\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-651450\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u0627\u0645\u0631\u0623\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0644\u0642\u0651\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c \u0644\u062c\u0631\u0648\u062d\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0644\u0628\u062c\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u060c \u0641\u064a 8 \u062a\u0645\u0648\u0632 1991. \u0623\u0635\u064a\u0628\u062a 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dir=\"rtl\" style=\"text-align: right;\">\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0633\u0641\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0634\u0646\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u062f \u0630\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0633\u0641\u0648\u0631 \u0643\u0633\u0644\u0627\u062d \u062d\u0627\u0631\u0642 \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064b\u0627 \u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u064b\u0627. \u0648\u062d\u062a\u0649 \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0628\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641\u064f \u0627\u062a\u0651\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0646\u0634\u0631\u0647 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right;\"><i>\u062a\u062c\u0646\u0651\u0628\u062a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u0648\u0644\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0651\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0651\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629. \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0634\u0646\u0651\u0648\u0627 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0645\u0627\u062a.<\/i><\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\" style=\"text-align: right;\">\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0651\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u062d\u0648\u0644 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href=\"https:\/\/www.justsecurity.org\/25951\/legal-questions-uks-targeted-killing-syria\/\">\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644<\/a>.\u00a0 \u064a\u062d\u0638\u0631 <a rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/legal.un.org\/repertory\/art2.shtml\">\u0645\u064a\u062b\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629<\/a> &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0636\u062f \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a&#8221; \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u064a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0647\u062c\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0651\u0631\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0634\u0643\u0651\u064e\u0644 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\u0645\u0628\u0647\u0645\u064b\u0627\u060c \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0651\u0629\u064b \u0648\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0651\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0633\u0631\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_651460\" style=\"width: 781px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/gijn.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/shutterstock_244394347.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-651460\" class=\"wp-image-651460 size-large\" src=\"https:\/\/gijn.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/shutterstock_244394347-771x432.jpg\" alt=\"war crimes banned weapons armed unmanned drones US Air Force Predator\" width=\"771\" height=\"432\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-651460\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0651\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u0627\u0632 \u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0627\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0651\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 &#8220;\u0628\u0644\u062f&#8221; \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u060c 12 \u062d\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 2008.<\/p><\/div>\n<p dir=\"rtl\" style=\"text-align: right;\">\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0628\u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0631\u0641\u0636\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0646\u0641\u0630\u062a \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0645\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\" style=\"text-align: right;\">\u062a\u062c\u0646\u0651\u0628\u062a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u0648\u0644\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0651\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0651\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0651\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0651\u064e\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0630\u062e\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0633\u0643\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0634\u0646\u0651\u0648\u0627 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0645\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\" style=\"text-align: right;\">\u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u064a\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0651\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0642\u062f \u062a\u062e\u0644\u0651\u0641 \u0639\u0645\u0651\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0622\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0648\u062d \u0628\u0634\u0623\u0646 \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a. \u0648\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u062d\u064a\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0651\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0651\u0647 \u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u062a\u0651\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064d \u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0651\u064d \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0651\u062f \u064a\u0642\u064a\u0651\u062f\u064f \u0623\u0648 \u064a\u062d\u0638\u0631\u064f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\" style=\"text-align: right;\"><b>\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629<\/b><\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\" style=\"text-align: right;\"><b>\u062d\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0633\u0641\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u064a\u0636 \u0641\u064a \u063a\u0632\u0629<\/b><\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\" style=\"text-align: right;\">\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0641 Forensic Architecture (FA) \u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0631\u0651\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0644\u0646\u062f\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0651\u0645 <a href=\"https:\/\/gijn.org\/2020\/06\/29\/how-forensic-architecture-is-supporting-journalists-and-civil-society-with-complex-investigative-techniques\/\">\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a<\/a>\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2012 \u0628\u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0651 \u0644\u0630\u062e\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0633\u0641\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u064a\u0636 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0646\u0632\u0627\u0639 2008-2009 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u063a\u0632\u0629. \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0630\u062c\u0629 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0648\u060c \u0648\u062c\u062f\u062a FA \u0623\u0646 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644\u064a \u0623\u0637\u0644\u0642 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\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0651\u0647 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0646 \u0633\u0646\u0629 2013 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0646 \u064a\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0633\u0641\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u064a\u0636 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0623\u0647\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0651\u0643\u0627\u0646.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\" style=\"text-align: right;\"><b>\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0635\u0641\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u063a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0633\u064a\u0651\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629<\/b><\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\" style=\"text-align: right;\">\u0633\u0646\u06292021 \u0646\u0634\u0631\u062a\u0652 \u0635\u062d\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0646\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0648\u0631\u0643 \u062a\u0627\u064a\u0645\u0632 \u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0651\u0642\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 <a rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/interactive\/2021\/12\/18\/us\/airstrikes-pentagon-records-civilian-deaths.html\">\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0648\u0642\u0648\u0639 \u0625\u0635\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0644\u0647\u062c\u0645\u0627\u062a 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\u0644\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u0646 1300 \u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a \u0642\u062a\u064a\u0644 \u0623\u0648 \u062c\u0631\u064a\u062d \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0623\u0641\u063a\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0632\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u062a\u0627\u063a\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0646\u064a\u0651 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u062c\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0651\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0633\u0641\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0623\u064a\u0651 \u0625\u0635\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a\u064d \u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064b\u0627. \u0643\u0634\u0641 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u064a\u0645\u0632\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062d\u0635\u0644 <a rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.pulitzer.org\/winners\/staff-new-york-times-notably-azmat-khan-contributing-writer\">\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0627\u0626\u0632\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062a\u0632\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 2022<\/a>\u060c \u0639\u0646 \u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0647\u062a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0628\u064a\u0651\u064f\u0646 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0645\u0651\u0649 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0647\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0641\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u062a\u0641\u0634\u0651\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0643\u0628\u0648\u0627 \u0623\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0648\u062b\u0651\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u062f\u0651\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u062a\u0644 \u0631\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0621.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\"><a href=\"https:\/\/gijn.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/Nick-Waters-bio-picture.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-651464 alignright\" src=\"https:\/\/gijn.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/Nick-Waters-bio-picture.png\" alt=\"Nick Waters, Bellingcat\" width=\"132\" height=\"132\" \/><\/a><strong><a rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/author\/nick-waters\/\">\u0646\u064a\u0643 <\/a><a rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/author\/nick-waters\/\">\u0646\u064a\u0643 \u0648\u0648\u062a\u0631\u0632<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0\u0647\u0648 \u0636\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0645\u062d\u0644\u0644 \u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631. \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0621\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 Bellingcat \u0648\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u060c \u0641\u0636\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0646 \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">\n<p dir=\"rtl\">\n<p dir=\"rtl\"><a href=\"https:\/\/gijn.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/Screen-Shot-2023-05-08-at-10.48.23-AM-2-336x337-1.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-657495 alignright\" src=\"https:\/\/gijn.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/Screen-Shot-2023-05-08-at-10.48.23-AM-2-336x337-1.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"130\" height=\"130\" \/><\/a><a rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ronhaviv.com\/bio\"><strong>\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0641\u060c<\/strong><\/a> \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 VII \u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0641 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643 <a rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/theviifoundation.org\/vii-photo\/\">\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 The VII<\/a> \u0648\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u0644\u0640 VII Photo Agency. \u0641\u064a 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