{"id":117176,"date":"2019-02-12T15:01:09","date_gmt":"2019-02-12T19:01:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/gijn.org\/?p=117176"},"modified":"2023-09-05T22:38:00","modified_gmt":"2023-09-06T02:38:00","slug":"dlyl-almhqq-alywmy-127","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/gijn.org\/ar\/%d9%82%d8%b5%d8%b5\/dlyl-almhqq-alywmy-127\/","title":{"rendered":"\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645\u064a"},"content":{"rendered":"
<\/h5>\n
\"\"<\/a><\/h5>\n

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\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

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\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 Bellingcat<\/a> \u0646\u0638\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u0627\u062d\u0635\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a:<\/strong><\/p>\n

5 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0627\u0633\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0640 iOS<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u062a\u062a\u064a\u062d \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0633\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0648\u062b\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0642 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0629. \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u063a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0627\u0633\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0636\u062e\u0645\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0633\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0648\u062b\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 iOS \u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0647\u0645. \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0645\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u0648\u0633\u0647\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0631\u0629. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0642.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

1. Scanbot Pro<\/a>
\n\u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c Scanbot Pro \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062d \u0645\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0632\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0635\u00a0 \u0648\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0648\u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0641\u0631\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0644\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u0645 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f\u0627\u062a\u0643 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u062f\u0645 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c Scanbot Pro \u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a\u0643 \u0622\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0641\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0646.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

2.Microsoft Office Lens<\/a>
\n\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0646\u062a \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 Microsoft Office \u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 Microsoft Office Lens \u0645\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0632 \u0644\u0643. \u0625\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0632\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0635\u00a0 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0646\u064a.<\/p>\n

\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0633\u0645 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0640\u00a0 Scanbot Pro\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u0629. \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0639\u0648\u0636 \u0639\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0648\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a \u062d\u0648\u0644 OCR \u0645\u0639 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0643 \u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a Word \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 iPhone \u0623\u0648 Apple \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0628\u0643 \u062b\u0645 \u062a\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u062e\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 Microsoft \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c\u0643 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062d\u0641\u0638\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n

3.\u00a0CamScanner<\/a><\/p>\n

\u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 CamScanner \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 iOS \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639 \u062f\u0639\u0645 Cloud. \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0633\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a PDF \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0632\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062d\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0645\u062b\u0644 Dropbox \u0648 Google Drive \u0648 Evernote \u0648 OneDrive \u0648 Box.<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0644\u062f\u0639\u0648\u0629 \u0632\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0633\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647\u0645 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645. \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0643 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0648\u0636\u064a\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0631\u0645\u0648\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644.<\/p>\n

4.Evernote Scannable for iOS<\/a><\/p>\n

\u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645Evernote Scannable for iOS<\/a> \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644\u064d \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0643 \u062d\u0641\u0638\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0631.<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0647\u0648 \u064a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0645\u0633\u062d\u064b\u0627 \u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0641\u0648\u0631\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u060c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0644\u062d\u0641\u0638 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u062a\u0647\u0627 \/ \u062a\u0635\u062f\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u0645\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a PDF \u0648 JPG.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0643 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0633\u062d\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0646 LinkedIn\u00a0 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0643 \u062d\u0641\u0638\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0643.<\/p>\n

5.FineScanner<\/a>
\n\u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 FineScanner \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u062b\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0628\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0646\u0633\u062e PDF \u0648 JPG\u00a0 \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 OCR \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635. \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629.
\n\u064a\u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0625\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u064a\u062a\u064a\u062d \u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0648\u0638\u0627\u0626\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0646\u064b\u0627 \u060c \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0646\u062a \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0623\u0648\u0641\u0649 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637<\/a><\/p>\n

\n

 <\/p>\n

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\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

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\u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0641\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0630\u0648\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u064a\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649. \u0647\u0646\u0627 \u0633\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0645:<\/p>\n

– \u0632\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629<\/strong>
\n\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0623\u064a \u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647 \u0628\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0642\u0631\u0623\u0647\u0627. \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0641\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u063a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a \u0644\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u064a \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646. \u0627\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629.<\/p>\n

– \u0627\u062a\u0635\u0644\u0648\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629<\/strong>
\n\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0634\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u0646\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0641\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u062f\u062e\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0646\u064a. \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u060c \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629<\/a> (AEA) \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0644\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 American Economic Review. \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0643 \u0637\u0644\u0628 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0628\u062d\u062b\u0648\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u062f\u0641\u0627\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0627\u062a<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u062a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0646\u064b\u0627. Unpaywall\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u00a0 \u0647\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0636\u0645 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 21 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0631\u0648\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0639\u062b\u0631\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0647\u062a\u0645 \u0628\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u062a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0648\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u062e\u0635 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u0625\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0646\u0633\u062e\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629. \u062a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0638\u0631.<\/p>\n

\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0648\u0646 \u0646\u0633\u062e\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0641\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645. \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u060c \u0636\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0633\u062a\u063a\u0631\u0642 \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0633\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u064a\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062f.<\/p>\n

\u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0622\u062e\u0631: \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0648\u0646 \u0631\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0644\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0642\u0627\u0645\u0648\u0627 \u0628\u062a\u0623\u0644\u064a\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629. \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0626\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u064a\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062c \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0644 \u0628\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629<\/strong>
\n\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0643 \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0639\u0642\u0628 \u0646\u0633\u062e\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0643\u062a\u0628\u0647 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0647\u0627. \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u062a\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627.<\/p>\n

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